Pentameter - izo ... iambic, trochee, amphibrach

M'nkhaniyi, ife tinena za pentameter, ndi zina ndakatulo zamitundu yochepa. Ife woyamba chimatanthauza mfundo zofunika zimene zigwiritsidwe ntchito pa lemba.

Kayendedwe mawu dongosolo lomwe lili ndime mzere. Izi ndi inalamula ambiri a mawu ndakatulo. Meter ndi nkhani yapadera ya mungoli lapansi. Izi kusinthana zonse unstressed nkhawa syllables (zofooka zake komanso) mu ndakatuloyi, chiwembu ambiri mungoli ake phokoso.

Kukula ndi zina njira phokoso gulu la ndakatulo; Pankhaniyi makamaka ife kale anafotokoza mita. Mwachitsanzo, iambus akhoza theoretically monga options kuchokera odnostopnogo kuti dvenadtsatistopnogo ndi ufulu. Kukula mu syllabic versification, tingadziwire chiwerengero cha syllables mu zimandilimbikitsa ndi - kuganizira chiwerengero cha nkhawa, ndi syllabic-zimandilimbikitsa ndi chinkafunika - (. Iambic, trochee, amphibrach neri Al) nambala mapazi ndi mamita.

The etymology la mawu akuti "pentameter"

Mayankho a mafunso za chiyambi cha mawu a chidwi. Mawu "pentameter" - dzina la wakale Greek choimbira. Zimatanthauza mu chakale chinkafunika dissyllabic, yosavuta trehmornuyu phazi (lalifupi yaitali syllable +). The prosody syllabo- zimandilimbikitsa (Russian, mwachitsanzo) - ndi + unstressed syllable. Amatchedwanso iambic ndime, chomwe mamita iambic.

Etymology sindizo ndendende anakhazikitsa. amalonda Iambic, monga ife tikudziwira, ndi mbali yofunika ya zikondwerero wapadera chonde, amene ankachitika pofuna kulemekeza Demeter.

Mawu amenewa amagwirizana ndi dzina Iambs, mdzakazi Kehl, Eleusinian mfumu. Malinga ndi nthano, mtsikana nthabwala ndakatulo cheered Demeter, amene yosatonthozeka kulikonse anafufuza mwana wake Persephone. Ndi zotheka kuti dzina la Yamba - ndi Echo mawu wakale ndi tanthauzo nthabwala.

Pentameter Kale

Mu ndakatulo wa masiku amakedzana mitundu yofala iambic anali trimeter ndi Sénart. Senart zikuphatikizapo asanu mapazi iambic. Mtundu chachiwiri, trimeter alinso (otchedwa dipodies awiri phazi) yophatikiza asanu mapazi iambic, amene m'magulu awiri. Awiri syllables kuwala versification yakale yoyendera akhoza m'malo ndi katundu wina, ndi mosemphanitsa, kungakhale kovuta m'malo mapapo awiri. Kunena zoona, kuyambira chiyembekezo ichi ndinabadwa yaikulu zosiyanasiyana ndakatulo iambic. Ndakatulo olembedwa deta kukula, izo zinali zambiri monga wina aliyense pa mawu tsiku ndi tsiku ndi ntchito kotero kwenikweni osati za mtundu wanyimbo epic, ndi masewero ndi nyimbo (mu comedies, masoka nthano).

Mu Greek iambus chinkafunika - kuletsa dissyllabic ongokhala yoyamba ndi yachiwiri lalifupi syllable yaitali. Zilibe kuganiza anakrusy kalembedwe nyimbo za Agiriki akale, ndi mungoli anali kapena m'mwamba (ie iambic) kapena kunsi (ie trochaic).

Pentameter ndi ferrets

Pentameter ndi ferrets mu zokhazikitsidwa akale zimatchedwa akutchedwa amasiya kayendedwe iambic pa maziko kuti pentameter anali pafupipafupi (kukakumana mpaka) kuposa ferrets.

Ferrets - kumakhalanso achigiriki anachokera ku mawu akuti "kuvina nyimbo", komanso kusonyeza "kukula", "choral phazi." The syllabic-zimandilimbikitsa ndime zambiri ntchito - ndi chetyrehstopnym shestistopny, ndi pakati pa zaka za m'ma 19 liyamba ntchito monga trochee iambic.

Ndipo pentameter, ndi ferrets ndi bayinare meters. Mu chorea amatsimikiza pa syllable yoyamba iambic wa - pa lachiwiri.

Atatu syllable miyeso ndakatulo

Miyeso Dissyllabic ife akufotokozedwa. Tsopano mawu ochepa za zitatu syllable. Amphibrach tichipeza mapazi atatu, ndi ka pa syllable choyamba. Kukula ambiri m'banja accentual-syllabic ndime - chetyrehstopnym (m'ma 19), komanso trehstopny (kuyambira cha m'ma 19). Dactyl - kumakhalanso mamita ternary, koma ndi ka pa woyamba ndi anapaest - wotsiriza wa atatu.

Pentameter mabuku Russian

Kutchula koyamba za mu dziko lathu mabuku, ife tikupeza mu lofalitsidwa mu 1619 buku la Smotritsky lotchedwa "Galamala ...". Komabe, poetics akuti, kutanthauza ina kukula kwa ndime iambic anayamba kuoneka m'dziko lathu pokhapokha ntchito ongolankhula wochitidwa ndi V. Trediakovskij. No ndakatulo mu Russian sillabistov olembedwa deta kukula. Mu Russia mavesi oyamba iambic zinalengedwa Trediakovskij.

Pentameter uyu anali chetyrehstopnym. Ndiye kukula kwa ntchito mwambo Anapitiriza. Mwachitsanzo, Lomonosov wapangidwa ndi ode imene ntchito pentameter - ndakatulo wodzipereka kwa kutenga Khotin, ndi Turkey linga.

iambic tetrameter

Mpaka lero, wa zamitundu yonse iambic ndakatulo Russian ndi ndiwotani - izo chetyrehstopnym. Pafupifupi peresenti 80-85 woyimba zoweta ndakatulo yolembedwa ndi iye. Izi kukula kwa vesi chapeza kutchuka linafalitsidwa kwambiri osati kwambiri chifukwa cha rhythmic chotengera mawonekedwe, umene wakhala ndinazolowera mawu ndakatulo mu Russian, koma chifukwa cha mwambo okhazikika mwadongosolo mowa misa ya ndakatulo yake yoyamba chachikulu - V. Petrov, M. Lomonosov, Derzhavin, ndipo patapita kanthawi, ndipo A. Pushkin ndi E. Baratynsky (onani. chithunzi).

Komanso anali wotchuka mu 18 mpaka m'ma 19 shestistopny iambus yodziwika yosalala mwambo mungoli. Ndi zochepa anavomera mu Russian lyrics, koma masewero ed - ovomerezeka ndime kukula (ndi pakalibe nyimbo). The kuchotserapo ndi "Tsoka kwa nzeru" Griboyedov, komanso sewero "Masquerade" kuchokera cholembera cha M. Lermontov, amene analemba ufulu ndime. pentameter kukula kwa Futurists, nawapeza yosowa kwambiri, amakhala ndi chitsutso akhakula chimachititsanso zosiyanasiyana gomofonicheskih ndi phonemes kupangidwa. Iamb iambic ntchito mu ndakatulo, yodziwika ndi mawonekedwe olimba, monga octave ndi, Sonnet neri Al. Osowa ndithu trehstopny (makamaka ndakatulo zokhudza nthawi yachitatu zoyambirira za m'ma 19). Ambiri otukuka chiphunzitso stihovedcheskoy mabuku ndi iambic tetrameter. Mwachitsanzo zofufuza za Shengeli B. Tomaszewski, A. White.

Kodi pali dvustopnye ndi odnostopnye iambic mu syllabic-zimandilimbikitsa versification?

Dvustopnyh ndi iambs odnostopnyh kulibe chifukwa n'zosatheka rhythmological: yonyenga kapena odnostopnosti dvustopnosti analenga chifukwa cha nyimbo adzafupikitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, wolemba ndakatulo Bryusov anakhulupirira molakwika odnostopnymi iambs ndakatulo wake.

Pentameter anali kwenikweni amphibrach. Izo zinachitika mwina chifukwa chakuti ngati mavesiwa mbiri kudziika pa rhymes mizere osiyana, inu mumatenga kufanana zithunzi odnostopnogo pentameter.

Mnogostopnye iambic

Shestistopny pentameter - kawirikawiri shestidolnik chachiwiri ndi anakruzy monosyllabic.

Mnogostopnye makamaka anakonzedwa Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym.

Iwo akhoza kutsutsa kuti pamaso pake panalibe pentameter iambic. Ndakatulo (iambic) "The Gabrieliad" - ntchito polemba mwa iye. Alexander kwambiri rigoristichen mogwirizana ndi zonse zimene zinali oyamba a vesi la chinenero. Ndi chidwi kuti m'nthawi analankhula za Cantemir ndi matamando ndi chifukwa chakuti anatenga ndime chinenero cha masiku ano kwa iye.

Analogs iambic kukula mu wowerengeka ndakatulo

Ngakhale kukula kwa pentameter ndi unayamba mu zikomo Soviet mabuku kusintha ndi University Trediakovsky, wowerengeka ndakatulo zachitika popanda kukopa mabuku kapena kumadzulo miyeso pachiyambi, Pakati pali yokhala pafupi ndi chetyrehstopnym iambic. Iye anaitana chetyrehdolnik chachiwiri. Mu ndime iyi, ndakatulo linalembedwa, analenga Nekrasov, lotchedwa "Ndani Limasintha Chabwino mu Russia".