Mitundu yaikulu ya mabuku. Zitsanzo ndi makhalidwe a mtundu wanyimbo yadzaoneni

Paluso zonse, pali mbiri magulu mkati, lalikulu - mitundu, ndi mitundu ya Mitundu zigawo ang'onoang'ono.

mitundu zolembalemba

mabuku onse lagawidwa mitundu zotsatirazi - lyrics, epics ndi sewero.

Mawu nalo dzina lake kuchokera choimbira - ndi azeze zojambulidwa pamiyala. Kale masewero pa izo limodzi ndi ndakatulo kuwerenga. Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga - Orpheus.

Yadzaoneni (kuchokera epos ndi Greek - ofotokozera) ndi Maganizo achiwiri. Ndipo chirichonse chimene zipita umatchedwa Mitundu yadzaoneni.

Drama (kuchokera sewero Greek) - ndi mtundu wachitatu.

Kale Plato ndi Aristotle anayesa kulekana mabuku genera. Mwasayansi wolungama mugawo ili Belinsky.

Posachedwapa likakhazikitsidwa komanso kulekanitsidwa ngati osiyana (wachinayi) view mabuku kuchuluka zina zidutswa osiyana. Ndi - m'nyimbo-epic Mitundu. Ku dzina akusonyeza kuti mtundu wanyimbo epic ali odzipereka ndi kusintha yokha mu zigawo zikuluzikulu za mtundu wanyimbo lyric.

Zitsanzo ndinu epos

epic yokha lagawidwa wowerengeka ndi wolemba. Ndi wowerengeka epic anali wotsogolera woyambitsa epic lapansi. Zitsanzo zoterozo Mitundu yaikulu monga buku la, Saga, nkhani, nkhani, nkhani, buku, ndakatulo nthano ode ndi nkhambakamwa pamodzi akuyimira osiyanasiyana lonse mabuku.

Mu Mitundu yonse ya epic Nkhani kalembedwe angakhale osiyana. Malinga munthu wina wochititsidwa kufotokoza - woyambitsa (nkhani ikunenedwa mu munthu wachitatu) kapena khalidwe mwakukonda (nkhani ikunenedwa mu munthu woyamba), kapena m'malo a owerenga makamaka. Pamene kufotokoza mwa munthu woyamba, zimene mungachite zotheka, nayenso - ndi owerenga akhale amodzi, pangakhale zingapo, kapena akhoza kukhala makonzedwe owerenga, amene sankachita nawo zotchulidwa.

mbali khalidwe la Mitundu izi

Ngati nkhaniyi ku gulu lachitatu, amaganiza ndi detachment ena, amalingalira mu chochitika kulongosola. Ngati anthu oyamba kapena zambiri, pali maganizo osiyanasiyana asonyezedwa pa zochitika ndi zilembo chidwi (ntchito angathe kukopera amatchedwa).

mbali khalidwe la epic mtundu wanyimbo - chiwembu (zokhudza kusintha kwa zochitika), nthawi (mu mtundu wanyimbo epic, amaona kuti kuli mtunda wina pakati zotchulidwa ndi malongosoledwe a nthawi) ndi malo. malo atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena zikutsimikiziridwa ndi malongosoledwe a Ngwazi zithunzi, Interiors ndi okongola.

Features wa mtundu wanyimbo epic amakhala ndi luso la dama zinthu za onse ndakatulo (m'nyimbo mthunzi), ndipo Drama (monologue, kukambirana). Mitundu yaikulu ngati alipo wina ndi mzake.

Ndipamene Mitundu epic

Komanso, pali atatu mitundu structural a epic wa - lalikulu, sing'anga ndi yaing'ono. Ena zolembalemba adatchithisira pafupifupi mawonekedwe, kufanizira nkhani ku chachikulu, womwenso chibwenzi ndi yadzaoneni. Pali mfundo yaikulu buku. Chrixitu, ali zosiyanasiyana za Nkhani ndi nkhani. Malinga zafotokozedwa kwa mwachikondi buku, ndi angatanthauze mbiri, wosangalatsa, wofuna, maganizo, ndi chikhalidwe enaake. Komanso chili ndi mtundu wanyimbo yadzaoneni. chiwerengero ndi chikhalidwe padziko lonse nkhani ndi mafunso, mayankho omwe angapereke fomu iyi zolembalemba, Belinsky analola kuyerekeza buku ndi epic moyo payekha.

Ndi mawonekedwe pakati anafotokoza nkhani, ndipo nkhaniyo, lalifupi nkhani, nkhani, nthano, fanizo ndi anecdote ngakhale amapanga yaing'ono epic mawonekedwe. Kuti ndicho epic Mitundu - ". Mutu, ndi chidutswa cha zingwe m'buku la moyo" buku, m'mabuku ndi nkhani yochepa, kutsutsidwa zolembalemba uliri monga, motero,

Oimira mitundu zikuluzikulu za Mitundu

Pamodzi ndi tatchulazi Mitundu ngati epic, monga ndakatulo, ndi lalifupi nkhani, nthano, nkhani, ndi makhalidwe awo, kupereka owerenga ndi lingaliro la zili zina. Onse epic Mitundu mabuku amabadwa, iwo nakwaniritsa pachimake cha ungwiro ndi kufa. Tsopano mphekesera za imfa ya buku la.

oimira amenewa Mitundu epic mitundu ikuluikulu monga buku, ndi epic kapena epic buku nkhani za lonse la zochitika anasonyeza, woimira onse zofunila zadziko ndi moyo wa munthu ndi mmene zinthu izi.

Yadzaoneni ndi ntchito yaikulu, mutu umene nthawi zonse ndi mavuto kuti tanthauzo dziko. A nthumwi otchuka polemba chinenero ichi ndi buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" Tolstoy.

Zigawo za Mitundu epic

Yadzaoneni ndi ndakatulo (ndi zina wamba - "Akufa Miyoyo") polemba chinenero, chiwembu chimene zambiri zoyenera kwa apadera a mzimu wadziko ndi miyambo ya anthu.

Mawu akuti "buku" likuchokera ku dzina la chinenero imene buku la ntchito loyamba kusindikizidwa - Romanesque (Aroma kapena Roma, kumene ntchito zinasindikizidwa mu Latin). Features mu buku kungakhale kwambiri - polemba chinenero chimenechi, zikuchokera, zojambulajambula, stylistic, zinenero Nkhani. Ndipo aliyense wa iwo amapereka ufulu kunyamula mankhwala kwa gulu linalake. Pali buku chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe phunziro, chikhalidwe, za mbiri yakale, maganizo, ulendo, woyendetsa. Pali ulendo buku, pali English, French, Russian. Kwenikweni buku - ndi lalikulu, zojambulajambula, makamaka prose ntchito zolembedwa ndi malamulo ena ndi malamulo.

Avereji mawonekedwe a epic luso

Features koyenela mtundu wanyimbo "buku" si za kuchuluka kwa ntchito, ndipo ngakhale amatchedwa "yaing'ono buku." Nkhani yake kuli ngozi. Nthawi zambiri imapatuliridwa nthawi imodzi chapakati.

Nkhani - prose ntchito ka khalidwe Nkhani ananena Mulimonsemo yeniyeni ya moyo. Kuyambira nthano ndi osiyana zimathandizadi mitundu. Malinga ndi ena Nkhani zolembalemba angatchedwe ntchito imene pali mgwirizano nthawi, zochita, zochitika, malo ndi zilembo. Izi zonse zikusonyeza kuti nkhani ya nthawi anafotokoza Zomwe zinachitika ndi chimene chimachitika ndi khalidwe limodzi, pa nthawi yakutiyakuti. A matanthauzo bwino mtundu wanyimbo pali. Choncho, ambiri amakhulupirira kuti nkhani - ndi dzina la buku Russian, amene anali woyamba kutchulidwa mabuku Western m'zaka XIII ndipo anali sewero pang'ono polemba chinenero chimenechi.

Monga buku mtundu wanyimbo novella wa Boccaccio wobvomerezedwayo mwa zaka za m'ma XIV. Izi zikusonyeza kuti nkhani ya zaka zambiri akulu nkhani. Ngakhale Pushkin ndi Nikolai Gogol nkhani zina zimachitika nkhaniyo. Kuti ndi zambiri kapena sichidziwika bwino mfundo liwulo zomwe ndi "nkhani", Yesu anaonekera mu mabuku Russian mu zaka za m'ma XVIII. Koma malire kwakulu pakati nkhani ndi buku si, ndi kuti yamasika mu pachiyambi penipeni anali ngati anecdote, kuti ndi kupusa lalifupi moyo sewero. Ena mwa zinthu chibadidwe Zapakati, nkhani akugwirabe lero.

Oimira ndinu yaing'ono mawonekedwe epos

Nkhani zambiri kusokonezedwa ndi sewero zifukwa zofanana - chosowa tanthauzo lomveka bwino, umakhala ndi bwino kulemba. The kwambiri kuti iwo anaonekera pafupifupi imodzi. Nkhani - yochepa kufotokoza chodabwitsa limodzi. Masiku ano ndi zambiri zopelekedwa nkhani za chochitika weniweni. Mu mutu limasonyeza lino kufupika - ndondomeko. Nthawi zambiri, essays lofalitsidwa mu periodicals - manyuzipepala ndi magazini.

Chifukwa misa chodabwitsa tisaiwale ndi mtundu wanyimbo monga "nkhambakamwa", ayamba kutchuka m'zaka za posachedwapa. Iye anawonekera mu 20s wa atumwi wotsiriza mu America. Amaona baba wa Lovecraft. Zongopeka - mtundu wa mtundu wanyimbo zopeka, osati opanda kumangako sayansi ndi imakhala kwathunthu cha zopeka.

Abale oimira "m'nyimbo prose"

Monga tanenera kale, atatu genera zolembalemba panopa anawonjezera chachinayi, woimira apatulidwa mu gulu osiyana ngati lyric Mitundu yaikulu mabuku monga ndakatulo, ballad nyimbo. Maonekedwe a mtundu mabuku ndi kubweretsa pamodzi storyline kufotokoza zochitika owerenga ndi (otchedwa m'nyimbo "Ine"). Cha mtundu umenewu mutu lagona zomwenso ake - mgwirizano mu epic wina ndi zinthu m'nyimbo. ma zoterezi zinatuluka mu mabuku kuyambira Kale, koma mu gulu osiyana ntchito awa anaima pa nthawi imene zikuchepa anayambanso kukhala ndi chidwi mu umunthu wa owerenga ndi - m'nyengo ya sentimentalism ndi romanticism. M'nyimbo-epic mtundu wanyimbo limatchedwa "m'nyimbo prose".

Mitundu yonse ya Mitundu ndi zina mayunitsi zolembalemba azigwirizana, kuonetsetsa kuli ndi kupitiriza kwa ndondomeko mabuku.