Zakudya CHIKWANGWANI: magwero ndi katundu

, лен и прочие) являются основным сырьем для отечественной текстильной промышленности. ulusi Natural (Thonje, nyumba etc.) ndi zofunika zopangira chifukwa makampani zoweta nsalu. Amachita mankhwala osiyanasiyana achilengedwe.

Origin ulusi zachilengedwe

Yaiwisi, kachiwiri, anachokera ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Malinga CHIKWANGWANI zinthu zosiyanasiyana quality, maonekedwe, makhalidwe ena. Pankhaniyi, pali gulu zambiri ntchito zipangizo. . Makampani nsalu mu malo oyamba chifukwa ntchito chilengedwe ulusi masamba. chikhalidwe chawo zimadalira maonekedwe a mbewu ntchito yopanga zipangizo. Komanso, ntchito ulusi zachilengedwe chiyambi nyama. Zikuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, ubweya, silika.

The katundu ulusi zachilengedwe

Monga tanenera, yaiwisi makhalidwe zinthu zimadalira maonekedwe a malonda umene analandira. Ambiri ndi thonje ulusi. Iwo amapangidwa kuchokera chikhalidwe mwapadera wamkulu. Thonje wakula m'mayiko oposa 50. Ndi yaitali chikhalidwe cha thermophilic. Bzalani amaoneka ngati chitsamba, amene msinkhu wa mita imodzi kapena kuposa. Chaka chilichonse maluwa chikhalidwe cha zipatso anapanga. Iwo anapereka mu mawonekedwe a makapisozi ndi mbewu. chimakwirira awo 7 ndi 15 zikwi. Tsitsi Lonse. Iwo thonje ulusi. M'litali tsitsi ndi mu osiyanasiyana 12-60 mm. Yaitali ali bwino za thonje ndi nsalu. Ulusi zachilengedwe opangidwa zovala, amene n'zosavuta mitundu ndi processing zina. Nthawi zambiri, anthu feedstock kuyambira ali woyera kapena zofiirira. Pakali pano, pa nthawi ino njira chikhalidwe kulola kupeza wachikuda ulusi achilengedwe.

zipangizo bast yaiwisi

получают из стеблей и листьев разных культур. Natural ulusi kuwapeza mapesi ndi masamba a zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Zikuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, monga jute, fulakesi, nettle, ndi ena. . nsalu kwambiri wochepa thupi, kusintha ndi zofewa amaonedwa ulusi achilengedwe. Awa, thonje ndi woyamba kulengedwa. Kwa izo kenako kubala cholimba ndi zofewa minofu. Fulakesi ndi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. M'litali ulusi zimadalira kutalika kwa tsinde la. The lofunika kwambiri m'njira mafakitale, ankaona fulakesi. дает лен-кудряш. Ake zimayambira angafikire ndi kutalika kwa 0.8-1 m. Low-khalidwe ulusi zachilengedwe amapereka fulakesi.

The ndondomeko ya kupeza zipangizo

Kucha fulakesi zimayambira anatulutsa mizu. M'pofunika kusunga kutalika ulusi. Zimenezi amatchedwa "tereblenie". Poyamba, izo zinachitikadi pamanja. Panopa mapurosesa wapadera ntchito mminda. Pongowatulutsa lnomolotilkah anagwira umatheka mbewu. Kachitsotso chotsatira anali ankawaviika maiwe wapadera kapena matupi zina za madzi. Part pa tsinde la fulakesi bast. Malowa ali pamtunda pansi makungwa. Mu mawonekedwe a Mitsemphayi woonda lili ulusi. alekane ku zimayambira opangidwa zomera wapadera. Pa mabizinezi ntchito luso lapadera kulekanitsa ulusi ku kotekisi ndi processing wotsatira. Titanyowa zouma mapesi. Kenako mauled ndi kuwombera mphepo. Kenako nsaluzi zinkangokhala ulusi zachilengedwe, chifukwa iwo ali kuwala chikasu, kudutsa mu zitsulo, mtundu.

zikhalidwe zina

Yapamwamba zomera zina waukali ndiponso amphamvu. и похож на льняное по многим признакам. Iwo ali makamaka ntchito popanga zingwe, lona, hessian, chingwe, etc. Mwachitsanzo, hemp CHIKWANGWANI -. Chuma Natural ndipo ndi ofanana ndi linseed m'njira zambiri. Komabe, si monga zofewa. Pa nkhani imeneyi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga lona, burlap, twayini, chingwe. получают не только из стеблей. Bast ulusi zachilengedwe sanakonza okha ku zimayambira. Monga chuma yaiwisi Mwachitsanzo, akhoza kuchita ndi masamba.

silika

Yapamwamba ntchito yopanga ake, amene analandira kuchokera cocoons wa silkworms. Iwo anapanga pa siteji zina za chitukuko cha mbozi wa. Iwo yokhotakhota chikhungwa chipolopolo ndi elongated ovoid mawonekedwe. Amakhala ndi ulusi wabwino umene zapiringizana mu zigawo 40-50. Ulusi aumbike motere. Pamutu basi pansipa mayendedwe pakamwa ili mabowo awiri. A iwo ali madzi wandiweyani, amene solidifies mu mlengalenga. mapangidwe ake ikuchitika mosalekeza. Chifukwa ndi ulusi 2, amene glued sericin. Ichi ndi chinthu chapadera, chomwenso ndi anamasulidwa mayendedwe. Chifukwa, izo amalenga ulusi wina, amene yokhotakhota penti.

mafakitale

Mtundu chikhungwa zimatengera mtundu wa njenjete. Iwo ali utoto-chikasu, woyera, chikasu. Mawuwo ndi zina silkworms kuti yokhotakhota wotumbululuka pinki, zobiriwira, buluu cocoons. Izo ziyenera Komabe, tinganene kuti mtundu wachibadwa wa thonje si khola. Komanso, ulusi wachikuda akhoza kenako kusokoneza ochekenera ndondomeko. Pamaso ntchito cocoons zina nsaluzi zinkangokhala makampani.

Kuti mupeze ulusi wabwino kwambiri cocoons asonyezedwa nthunzi kapena mpweya wotentha. Zikwa ziri momwemo, aphedwe, ndi kuteteza kuwonongeka, iwo zouma. Ngati sanachite, ndi tizilombo n'kukhala gulugufe ndipo amayamba kutuluka Gulugufe. Choncho, adzakhululukidwa pansi kumawononga makina, zomwe zoipa zokhudza khalidwe la thonje. Musanayambe kumulowetsa usasungunuke, cocoons anayikidwa m'madamu wodzazidwa ndi madzi otentha. Iwo ndiye ankachitira ndi njira nthunzi ndipo zamchere. M'pofunika pansi sericin. Gulugufe wina chipereka za 400-1200 mamita thonje. Komabe, woonda kwambiri. Choncho ulusi 3 30 cocoons likugwirizana chimodzi.

ubweya

Kodi ena ulusi zachilengedwe ntchito makampani? Nyama kupereka makampani ndi ubweya. Komanso kukonzedwa kutulutsa ulusi. Ubweya ali ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana ndiponso makhalidwe. Kusiyana alipo ulusi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama. Mwachitsanzo, ya ubweya wa mtengo wapatali ndi munthu analandira ndi nkhosa yabwino-ubweya ndi theka chabwino. Pa haircuts khungu kuchotsedwa mapangidwe olimba. Ubweya sali yemweyo mu mfundo za khalidwe. Ulusi chidali imakonzedwa pa masamba kumbuyo, pamimba, mapewa. Pa miyendo ndi kumbuyo kwa coarse tsitsi. Komabe, wapatali kwambiri amaona kuti kukhala apamwamba ndi kufwanyulira. ulusi wake kusintha, zotanuka zitani. ubweya khalidwe zimadalira amadalira nthawi akumeta ubweya. ulusi lililonse limatisokoneza amalandira m'chaka. Mu pali wambirimbiri kufwanyulira. M'dzinja ndi pafupifupi sangapezeke mwa chovala. Choncho, ulusi ngati ali ouma. Komabe, yophukira ubweya oyera masika. Pakati ulusi amadziŵika:

1. Arista - wandiweyani CHIKWANGWANI.
2. Chosakhalitsa tsitsi. Malinga ndi makhalidwe ake, ali ndi udindo wapakatikati pakati pa msana ndi pansi.
3. "Akufa" Tsitsi. Iwo anapereka mu mawonekedwe a ulusi mwakhama ndi otsika mphamvu.

processing Features

thonje katundu kudzadalira khalidwe la ulusi, omwe ntchito kupeza izo. The mitundu yabwino anapangidwa kuchokera kufwanyulira. Ubwino wa ulusi anatsimikiza osati zawo kwake, softness, fineness, komanso kutalika. Iye, nawonso, adzakhala zimadalira mtundu wa nkhosa. odula kungakhale kwa 180-200 mm. zopangira nthawi zonse phunziro kwa processing chachikulu. Kumafuna kusanja, kuyeretsa wa zinyalala (apezeka lapansi, burdock ndi zina zotero.). Kenako, otreplenie, tithe kumvetsa kumasulira kwake. Pambuyo pake, ubweya kusamba ndi zouma. Kusanja anachita ndi dzanja. Ubweya anaika pa matebulo wapadera. Apa izo mbali. Malinga ndi mfundo zina za khalidwe ubweya mu chipani osankhidwa. Ankatenthetsa imagwiridwa ndi Kuwonjezera wa mankhwala wapadera detergents. M'pofunika kuchotsa particles mafuta.

zipangizo mankhwala yaiwisi

Ndi chitukuko cha luso kunakhala kotheka kubala yokumba ndi ulusi kupanga. Monga zifukwa zazikulu pogwiritsa ntchito umagwirira mu yokonza zopangira amatchedwa ankafuna kwambiri zovala. zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zilipo sangathe kukwaniritsa zofuna za anthu. Kukonzekera zipangizo yokumba ikuchitika ntchito ma polima achilengedwe. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka, monga thonje, yamitengo ndi mapadi ena, mkaka mapuloteni, etc. zinthu izi zagonjetsedwa kwa mankhwala mankhwala ndi asidi nitric, asidi sulfuric, asidi acetic, acetone, hydroxide ndi sodium ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa ndi viscose nitroshelk, nthochi, cuprammonium silika.

zakuthupi kupanga yaiwisi

Iwo amatuluka mu processing wa mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Pakati pawo mafuta ndi malasha, ndi zachilengedwe pagalimoto gasi, zatsalira ulimi, ndi zamkati ndi kupanga pepala. Okwezeka kulemera zinthu maselo olekanitsidwa utomoni. Iwo amatumikira kuyambira chuma yopangira angapange. Kuchiza ndi processing wa resins zopangidwa yapadera, luso m'malo zovuta. Pakati pa ulusi kupanga, ndi nayiloni Ambiri ntchito, poliyesitala, nayiloni, Milan, polyvinyl enaake, ndi ena. zipangizo mankhwala yaiwisi pasadakhale kupereka zina zokhudza Mkhalidwe. Makamaka, ndi cholimba, kugonjetsedwa ndi chinyezi, utoto ndi zina zotero.

A chakudya wosanganiza

The mankhwala ndi zachilengedwe ulusi, amene tatchulazi, ndi zipangizo homogeneous. Pakali pano, lero kukhala osakaniza kunadetsa otchuka a zipangizo. Mawu oyamba a umisiri watsopano makampani nsalu amakhala ndi mwayi wokwanira kwa assortment lalikulu la thonje. ulusi Natural akhoza kukhala ali osokonezeka onse ndi mzake ndi zipangizo yokumba ndi kupanga. Mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza nayiloni ndi nsalu, nayiloni ndi ubweya. Kuti theka-silika ndi nsalu ya ubweya analinso si osakaniza ulusi. Mwakhama ntchito yatsopano kuluka luso. Makamaka, pamene munakonza nsalu nsalu thonje ndi wina wa ulusi, ndi bakha - zina.

Pomaliza

Makampani nsalu ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo waukulu mafakitale. Kupanga zipangizo malonda mankhwala khalidwe yaiwisi kuti ntchito. Iwo ayenera kutsatira mfundo boma, pansi processing mokwanira. Izi ndi zofunika kwa ulusi chiyambi aliyense, kuphatikizapo mankhwala. Dziwani kuti nthawi zonse powapatsa zipangizo zatsopano yopanga mu makampani. Zimenezi zimafuna kotunga zipangizo zatsopano yaiwisi.