Zapamwamba za mabuku dziko: chimatanthauza yosadziwika

"Monga anaphunzitsa upamwamba", "Ine ndimapita kuwerenga zapamwamba" - kusintha izi angamvele kulankhula tsiku ndi tsiku. Komabe, ndi chodziwikiratu ife akudziwa zimene olemba ndi ufulu kulowa golide thumba la belles-lettres, ndi kuti ambiri ndi chodabwitsa - tingachipeze powerenga mabuku dziko. mafunso amenewa m'nkhani ino.

mavuto a terminology

Osonyeza mfundo za Agiriki ndi kovuta, chifukwa tanthauzo limeneli ntchito matanthauzo osiyanasiyana. Pakuti pafupifupi wokamba mbadwa, ndi mofananira muyezo abwino, kuti kumene m'pofunika kuyesetsa. Komabe, si kukokomeza kunena kuti poyerekezera ndi mabuku kupitirira magawo awa ndi mafoni amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi nyengo makamaka. Choncho, chifukwa Corneille ndi Racine zapamwamba za mabuku dziko - makamaka mankhwala a nthawi ya kale kwambiri, Ages Middle, pamene awo akulandiridwa kwambiri. Pa chiyambi cha XIX atumwi panali ngakhale mafani amati yabwino zonse mu Russia kale olembedwa. Gwirizanani: admirers ya Pushkin, Dostoevsky ndi Tolstoy ngati malingaliro ngati zopusa kwambiri.

A maganizo osiyana

Komanso, mu "mabuku" nthawi zina amatanthauza mankhwala, amene analengedwa chimakono. Ngakhale masiku ano amaona kuti izi zikhoza kuonedwa penapake chakale, monga mabuku Kafka ya Joyce ndi Proust, Dali zojambula ndi Malevich akhala wadutsa mu gulu la thumba golide luso udzu kunja zochepa luso m'nthawi.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale zosintha mbiri ya zapamwamba mabuku dziko kukhala othandiza mosalekeza ndi luso. Ngakhale kwa zaka mazana, anthu limachokera ku ntchito za Shakespeare, Goethe ndi Pushkin, kutanthauzira iwo mu nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Zimenezi n'zotheka chifukwa kuya amanena, kufunika kwa aliyense.

Choncho, Polongosola mwachidule: amaphatikizapo mabuku tingachipeze powerenga? Books Classics, amene ntchito ndi kuwerenga lero.

Agiriki ndi "mkulu" mabuku - chinthu chomwecho?

Kudulidwa kwa mabuku ku atatu "madzi" - mkulu, belletristic ndi misa - anaonekera ndi posachedwapa. More ndendende, pamene analengedwa mwachindunji pafupifupi wowerenga ndimasewera buku. Zapamwamba za mabuku dziko kwakukulukulu limafanana ndi "mkulu" wa chilengedwe. Iwo ali wanzeru, amafuna ntchito yapadera ya owerenga, a utumiki wake. Komabe, mawu akuti "tingachipeze powerenga" umagwiritsidwa ntchito zitsanzo otchedwa mabuku ambirimbiri, ngakhale mu tanthauzo yosiyana. Chitsanzo cha zimenezi ndi ofufuza za Agatha Christie ndi Tolkien zongopeka. Pamene mafani awo amati ndi - tingachipeze powerenga mabuku dziko, iwo akunena kuti "Khumi Little Indians" kapena "Ambuye wa mphete" atumikira monga chitsanzo chabwino kwa olemba tsogolo amene ntchito mkati Mitundu izi. Monga momwe dzina lake mankhwala tidzakhalabe chikumbukiro owerenga, n'zovuta kunena kuti, mabuku sapereka yankho lachindunji pa funso limeneli.

List of zapamwamba dziko

Iwo wakhala kukonzekera mwambo wa mabuku a mavoti, kuvomerezedwa kuwerenga anthu amene akufuna kuonedwa kuti Ndiphunzitse munthu. Tsegulani zofunikirazi zolengedwa wakale Greek ndi Aroma olemba: Homer ( "Iliad"), Aeschylus ( "Prometheus adzamangidwa") ndi Virgil ( "Aeneid"). The mankhwala pamwamba ndi ufulu chopanda malire kuvala mutu aulemu a "zapamwamba za mabuku dziko." Nthawi ya Ages Middle anakhala kunayambira zilandiridwenso J .. F. Villon ndi Chaucer, ndi nambala wopandamalire Zomwe analemba popanda wolemba.

Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndiAmene anatipatsa zithunzi wosatha - Shakespeare ndi Cervantes. Komabe, tiyeneranso kukumbukira za Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio, Lope de A Vega, Fransua Rable ndi ena. m'ma XVII zinali zodzaza ndi Baroque (Pedro Calderón, Gongora) ndi tingachipeze powerenga (Racine, Corneille, Moliere) luso. Ndiye anadza nthawi ya Choonadi, wandikhutiritsa mabuku mayina a Voltaire, Rousseau, Goethe ndi Schiller.

XIX m'ma amapereka ntchito chikondi cha Byron, Scott, HOFFMANN, Hugo, Poe. Penapake pakati pa romanticism m'ma m'malo mwa Kuzindikira yapadera komanso mabuku a Stendhal, Balzac, Dickens.

Kwa zaka za m'ma yodziwika ndi maonekedwe a kayendedwe woyamba modernist - ophiphiritsa (Verlaine, Rimbaud, Wilde), naturalism (Zola) ndi Impressionist (Knut Hamsun). Pa nthawi yomweyo kupeza mu kutchuka otchedwa seweroli (Ibsen, Shaw, Maeterlinck), amamuchititsa kwathunthu kupendanso njira chakale kwambiri. mzaka zana makumi awiri Polemeretsedwa buku mabuku chi (anatchula Kafka, Proust ndi Joyce), ambiri utuluke avant - surrealism Dada, expressionism. Theka lachiwiri Mu zaka zapitazo zinali zodzaza ndi ntchito za Brecht, Camus, Hemingway ndi Marquez. Mukhozanso kukambirana za ntchito chi postmodern akhala zapamwamba (Pavic, Suskind).

Russian olemba

Russian zapamwamba - ili ndi nkhani yosiyana. XIX ndi XX m'ma anapeza mayina a Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Turgenev, Fet, Goncharov, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Chekhov, Blok, Gorky, Yesenin, Bulgakov, Sholokhov ... ntchito zawo zooneka zapamwamba za mabuku Russian ndi dziko.