Zifukwa: chikhalidwe ndi munthu - adani kapena abwenzi. Chikhalidwe cha moyo wa munthu

Tsopano zikuoneka makamaka pachimake vuto la mogwirizana wa munthu ndi chikhalidwe. Pali zifukwa zambiri: chuma zichepa, kuwonjezera ndewu ya fuko anthu mwachibale kwa mayi dziko. The mathamangitsidwe patsogolo luso, chimene chimafuna zambiri akuvutika anthu ndi masoka. Koma m'mbuyo pamaso lonena mfundo lililonse. "Nature ndi Man" - mutu amafunika kuti MPATUKO ena mu mbiri.

Agiriki akale ndi ubale wawo kwa chilengedwe ndi dziko

Agiriki akale sanali kudziteteza ku chikhalidwe ndi dziko. Man ndi dziko anapanga ndi umodzi indissoluble. munthu sankadziwa nthawi imene ali ndi "umunthu" ndi "payekha". Komabe, anthu ambiri sadziwa chilichonse ndi kuitana Mwachitsanzo, Socrates individualist. Inde, Greek wotchuka, tikhoza kunena, anali kholo la anthu azikhala, koma iye sanali individualist. Iye meekly analandira tsoka lake ndi anamwa poizoni hemlock - alikuti anthu azikhala?

Yemweyo zikutsimikiziridwa ndi ubale pakati pa mwamuna ndi chikhalidwe. mfundo zotsatirazi: lililonse amafotokozera ali mulungu yake. Nkofunika kuti milungu yonse (zinthu) ankakhala ku dziko. Agiriki akale anali wamanyazi kwambiri pamene zinafika mafunso zachilengedwe. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti dziko lonse subordinated mfundo zosagwirizana konsekonse, choncho palibe ayenera kusokoneza boma alipidwa zinthu, chirichonse chiri monga chiyenera kukhalira. Nature ndi munthu ndi chimodzi. Ngati iwo anati, "Perekani zifukwa: chikhalidwe ndi munthu zonse ndi zogwirizana?" - sakulimvetsa funso. Kwa iwo, zinali zoonekeratu.

Kugwirizana kwa chikhalidwe mu Ages Middle

Pamene anamusiya yekha, kuchokera zipilala kale milungu Greek inasanduka ziwanda wachikhristu dziko, mwamuna ndi chikhalidwe paubwenzi, ndi mfundo mkangano wosatha, nawonso wasintha. Tsopano, chikhalidwe wakhala gawo la machimo a dziko chuma, koma choonadi, munthu, ndipo sizinachitikepo mwanjira kuwononga kapena kugwetsera kuwasiyanitsa. Nature ndi dziko adazindikira mwa munthu monga chinachake kuti ayenera kusintha chifukwa cha chiyanjano cha uzimu ndi Mulungu.

Mulungu, chilengedwe, anthu - ya mano atatu mgwirizano mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano

Pambuyo wokonda moyo wodzimana kuzunzika munthu Zapakati onse anafa mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano, kutanthauza kuti thupi ndi dziko zakuthupi. Wotchuka Kubadwa Kwatsopano, kuwonjezera pa "mfiti", khalidwe lotayirira la kusaka ndi wosefukira zosangalatsa chibadwidwe wa anthu olemera? Ndiko kulondola. Pantheism - chiphunzitso chakuti Mulungu uli kusungunuka mu chirengedwe, ndi dziko ali ndi moyo ndiponso maganizo. Kudziwa Mulungu n'chotheka kudzera chikhalidwe. Ndi mawu ake konkire.

Monga ukhoza kuyamikiridwa, mu nthawi ya ubale wa munthu ndi chikhalidwe, mfundo kapena motsutsa izo ndi chosiyana kuposa Ages Middle. Pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano dziko ndithu zodabwitsa, chifukwa amakonda zinthu zonse, iwo kugwadira chikhalidwe - mwiniwake wa Mulungu.

Latsopano Time. Aphorism wa Francis Bacon, "Chidziwitso -. Mphamvu" Chiyambi cha kugonjetsa zachilengedwe ndi munthu

Nthawi yatsopano ikusonyezedwa ndi mfundo yakuti anthu kuti dziko lonse ndi palokha Kumvetsela sayansi ndi kuganiza. Nthawi imeneyi n'lakuti vuto la munthu ndi chikhalidwe, mfundo Komabe, sizinathe anafufuza. Nature kuoneka ngati chinthu chabe anafuna okha maphunziro anthu ndi zatsopano pa izo.

Musati kuweruza za kanjedza masiku ano. Iwo sanadziwe kuti malingaliro masiku ano kumbvera okha ndi kupanga technetronic chilombo - chitukuko chathu chamakono. Ngati amaloledwa, monga fanizo, ndi yofanana ndi njira makolo chikondi ndi makhalidwe golide tsitsi mwana wake, wosadziwa kuti amakula chakupha.

Mpaka masiku ano maganizo kwenikweni sanathe yekha kwathunthu, chifukwa panalibe sayansi experimental. Iye anabwera pamodzi ndi zipambano za Francis Bacon, Spinoza ndi Descartes, ndicho chifukwa anthu ena aona ndipo maganizo, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo ndipo okha. Mwachitsanzo, Francis Bacon pamtanda ozizira, pamene imachitika kuyesera china. Wosangalatsa mphamvu anali munthu. Kodi iye kuti anaganiza kuti tsiku lina pali vuto la munthu ndi chikhalidwe, mfundo ngakhale ayenera? Inde, nthawi zonse.

Koma panali wina yemwe analira kale maganizo ake ndi kubwerera ku chikhalidwe. Munthu anali Jean-Zhak Russo, koma kulira kwake kunali mawu a wofuwula m'chipululu.

Mbali panopa chitukuko ubale pakati pa mwamuna ndi chikhalidwe

Tsopano ife sitikusowa kufunsa mafunso ndi kuyang'ana mfundo: "? Nature ndi Munthu monga zogwirizana" Lero, kwa ife, monga kwa Agiriki akale kamodzi, chirichonse lodziwikiratu. Koma, mwatsoka, mu kwina. Anthu ambiri masiku ano ndikufuna kuti agwirizane ndi kukatenga anasiya zaka zapitazo kulira kwa Jean-Jacques Rousseau, koma izo ndi mochedwa kwambiri. Chifukwa chiyani? Inde, chifukwa chilengedwe moyo wa munthu, mfundo pakuti simungathe kusintha chirichonse m'njira lonse. Mafakitale amawapopa kuchokera pansi pa madzi onse kufunafuna phindu.

Kubverana chikhalidwe ndi anthu

Pakali pano, tsopano anthu, kaya akhale a chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe amadalira anthu. Amachititsa masoka achilengedwe ndi zotsatirapo chogwirika chikhalidwe. A sayansi tsoka wakwiya kuyankha Amayi Nature. Choncho, munthu ayenera dzisamalire ndipo m'dzikoli. Mwatsoka, anthu ambiri sindikuganiza pamalo abwino: kwa iwo chikhalidwe cha moyo wa munthu, mfundo mtima wake langokhala tsiku wokongola chilimwe kapena kanyenya pa mlengalenga. Ndipo akufuna kudzakhala mu mzikiti, amene m'malo mwa yopeka mabuku mlengalenga. N'zosadabwitsa? Ngati izi sizinali choncho, anthu akanakhala mbamphedza chilengedwe chawo, osati kuchitira kusalabadira ake.

Potseka mutu wakuti "Zifukwa: chikhalidwe ndi munthu", Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti chophweka kwa dzikoli adzakhala kuwagwedeza anthu kuti yekha, koma zikuoneka kuti mtundu wa anthu uli pa zifukwa zina muyenera Earth.