Zimakhudza anthu pa topezeka kudera. zimadalirana yokumba

Kuyambira nthawi makedzana, udindo anthu topezeka kudera la ankaganiza alowererepo ake yogwira mu unyolo zachilengedwe ncholinga chofufuzidwa ake. Pankhaniyi, chidwi nthawi zonse ankakolezera zamoyo zonse zilili panopa zikuchitika osayang'ana zochita za anthu, zomwe zina ndi zotsatira sizingasinthe kwa chilengedwe ndi anthu.

Man ndi Nature

Chibwenzi, mmene anthu pa topezeka wakhala pafupifupi mtheradi. M'zaka zingapo zapitazo, chifukwa cha yapadera kwambiri patsogolo luso, kuwonongeka kwa malo wafika mfundo yovuta ndi kuyamba kuimira ngozi.

A zimakhudza kwambiri pa kusintha mumlengalenga ali ndi makope mpweya mu chikhalidwe, popeza ndalama yokulirapo mu zikuchokera kwambiri mchere mu nthaka. The kuyaka kwa mafuta, malasha, adzamasulidwa woipa (mpweya woipa) kuti mabizinezi yace ndi katundu kudziunjikira mu mlengalenga, chifukwa cha yodula ikuluikulu ya nkhalango zomera otsala chiyani sakwanitsa kupirira ntchito.

Chifukwa cha likunena kuwonjezeka mpweya woipa ndende mu dziko phindu kutentha lonse zotsatira anati n'chakuti silika akuzisunga kutentha pamwamba pa madzi, kuchititsa Kutentha kwambiri, zotsatira za amene kumawonjezera tsiku lililonse likadutsa.

Analysis ndi ziyenera a zochita za anthu mu topezeka alola bwino kuweruza kuti ngati mulibe njira mwachamuna matenda zinthu zachilengedwe, chitetezo cha m'thupi sangathe bwino kuthana ndi kuipitsidwa, ali mavuto aakulu pa thupi la munthu, omwe kenako ndi zotsatira sizingasinthe . Chinthu ndi kuti polluter zingakhudze thupi onse mwachindunji kapena mwa njira zina, mosavuta n'kuyamba kusambira mwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana topezeka kudera.

chipululu

zimadalirana onse apadziko akhoza kugawidwa malinga ndi makhalidwe nyengo ndi zomera, pamene aliyense topezeka yodziwika ndi makhalidwe munthu kugwirizana osati ndi nyama kawirikawiri ndi zomera kuti moyo pamenepo, ndi zinthu nyengo. Ina mwa gulu zinthu zachilengedwe monga zipululu.

Mbali yaikulu ya derali ndi mphamvu ya nthunzi ali apamwamba kuposa mlingo wa mpweya. Chifukwa cha zinthu zimenezi mu zomera chipululu zimasowa. Am'derali amakhala ndi nyengo bwino ndi kuchuluka kwa zomera kungokhala pamodzimodzi, chifukwa nthaka usiku akuyamba molimba kutaya kutentha anasonkhanitsa masana. Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti zipululu zatenga oposa 15% ya padziko dziko ndi ili pafupifupi M'madera a zitunda lapansi.

Zipululu kungakhale:

• Otentha.
• Wongolerani.
• Kukuzizira.

Zomera ndi nyama, mosasamala kanthu za nyengo amatha kudziunjikira ndi kusunga chinyezi mu chofunika thupi. Kuwonongedwa kwa zomera m'dera amatsogolera chakuti apeze chinthucho adzatenga ndalama yaikulu nthawi ndi khama.

Savannah

zimadalirana Natural mulinso savannah dera, dera limene Ndipotu, ndi herbaceous zimadalirana. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo m'madera amene anthu nthawi zingapo yaitali ya chilala ndi mvula kwambiri pa kutsiriza. gulu chimakwirira topezeka lonse m'madera mbali zonse kwa dziko, zikuchitika ngakhale m'madera pafupi kozizira chipululu.

Ngakhale kuti anthu n'zochepa kwambiri cha mtundu umenewu mtunda zopezeka mu malo amenewa m'madera mafuta ndi gasi Anautsa mkulu anthropogenic mphamvu, chifukwa cha pamlingo wochepa zinthu organic kuwonongeka mlingo wa kukula kwa zomera ndi kochepa, chifukwa chomwe izo ziri malowa zachilengedwe ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu osatetezeka.

zimadalirana nkhalango

nkhalango onse, kaya akhale a mtundu, komanso a gulu zinthu zachilengedwe lapansi.

Iwo amakhala ndi:

• nkhalango Deciduous. Mbali yaikulu ndi kuchira mofulumira zomera pambuyo kudula. Choncho, malowa ndi yabwino amatha polimbana ndi mavuto obwera kuti ali pa anthu.

• Conifers. Kwenikweni, nkhalango awa anapereka m'madera nayonso. Ichi ndi malo ambiri nkhuni atamupopa zosowa mafakitale.
• Otentha. Mitengo m'nkhalango awa amawasunga masamba pafupifupi chaka chonse, chifukwa chimene amaperekedwa ndi khola kukonza chikhalidwe cha mpweya woipa. Chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwa zomera anthu topsoil anatsuka kusiyiratu chifukwa kukhudzana yaitali mvula, ndi nkhalango ndiye sizingatheke kuti achire pambuyo kudula.

topezeka yokumba

zimadalirana yokumba kapena agrocenosis monga chongopeka analenga topezeka anthu, amene ntchito yaikulu ndi kukhalabe ziziyenda zinthu zachilengedwe mu dziko, komanso kusowa kwa khola la kupezeka chakudya anthu ndi nyama. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Field.
• Hayfields.
• Parks.
• Gardens.
• Gardens.
• Forest kubzala.

Nthawi zambiri m'chilengedwe yokumba chofunika kubala munthu wa ulimi moyo mwake. Ngakhale kuti iwo ali odalirika mu mawu a chilengedwe, mkulu zokolola limachititsa, ntchito mlingo wa m'madera dziko kupereka chakudya padziko lonse. I waukulu, umene wavala anthu pa chilengedwe chonse ndi kuteteza chikhalidwe, ali ndi pazipita ntchito zigoli.

Chiwerengero mu agrotcenoze makamaka chifukwa kuchoka kwa munthu amene angapereke kusintha mlingo wa chonde, amene zoipa amafunika topezeka yokumba. Munthu, chikhalidwe cha omwe amagwirizana ndi zinthu zonse m'madera kwambiri moyo kalekale anazindikira kuti anali mtundu uwu zinthu zachilengedwe amakhala akufunika kuvomera zinthu zothandiza. Pakati pawo, ntchito kwambiri ndi ankaimba ndi madzi ndi feteleza, amene nthawi zonse sanatchulidwenso nthaka chifukwa cha kayendedwe ka madzi mu chirengedwe. Ndi njira yokhayi imene angapulumutse zokolola kupewa njala mu nthawi Kuwonjezeka kwa mavuto a zachilengedwe.

Mu agrotcenoze, monga m'munda wina uliwonse, pali chakudya unyolo topezeka, ndi zofunika zikuluzikulu za anthu. Pankhaniyi, iye ndiye anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri chifukwa sangathe kulibe palibe topezeka yokumba popanda iye. mfundo ndi yakuti popanda kuisamalira kuti amakhala katundu kwa pazipita chaka mu mawonekedwe a tirigu mpaka kotala m'ma mu mawonekedwe a mbewu zipatso ndi mabulosi.

Njira mulingo woyenera kuonjezera zokolola ndi kukhalabe m'chilengedwe ilipobe amelioration dothi lapansi, kukwezeletsa yoyeretsa ya dziko lapansi zinthu extraneous ndi wosasunthika zachilengedwe zomera zikule.

Impact pa m'chilengedwe zachilengedwe

zimadalirana Natural monga onse m'chilengedwe lapadziko ndi m'madzi. Choncho, anthu ayenera kutenga miyeso yokulirapo kuteteza matupi madzi malowedwe a zinthu zoipa. Chiwerengero cha zamoyo, umene madzi ndi ndiwo moyo, zimadalira wokhutira mwa mchere ndi zinthu kutentha. Mosiyana m'chilengedwe lapadziko, nyama zimene zimakhala pansi pa madzi, muyenera kupeza nthawi zonse mpweya, kuwachititsa kuyesa kukhala padziko madzi.

zimadalirana lapadziko ndi osiyana ndi madzi, osati mizu ya zomera, komanso zigawo zikuluzikulu za chakudya. Motero, malingana kuzama kwa madzi, zakudya amakhala ang'onoang'ono kwambiri. Ngakhale mpweya kuchokera zinyalala opangidwa ndi makampani osati mu madzi, ndi padziko Lapansi chifukwa mumlengalenga kuipitsa mpweya umalowa mu madzi nthaka. Ndipo kuyambira anafika magwero waukulu kuwawononga kwambiri majeremusi moyo ndi kukhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa thupi la munthu pa ntchito za anthu madzi.

Zosiyanasiyana mpweya

Zotsatirapo za anthu mu m'chilengedwe makamaka anakhudzidwa mpweya. Mpaka posachedwapa, izo ankaona kwambiri zikuluzikulu vuto zachilengedwe m'mizinda yonse yaikulu Komabe, chifukwa mosamala kwambiri vuto, asayansi anapeza kuti kuwononga mpweya amatha kuyenda mitunda lalikulu gwero umuna mwachindunji. Choncho, tinganene kuti akukhala ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri zachilengedwe, anthu kukhudzidwa ndi mavuto a zochepa monga anthu amene amakhala moyandikana pafupi magwero mafakitale.

The zoipitsa ambiri mpweya, amene kwambiri anakhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe, ndi izi:

• Kuwonjezera pa zikuchokera mpweya ndende izo zofunika mchitidwe - mpweya.
• oxides asafe.
• Chimasanduka.
• Sulfa woipa.
• A chisakanizo mpweya wa chlorine, fluorine ndi mpweya mankhwala, lotchedwa CFCs.

Amenewa amadza anthu pa topezeka kudera kwachititsa chakuti polimbana kuwonongeka kwa malo wakhala mlingo lonse, kukhala Ntchito yaikulu imene mayiko onse popanda yekha. Only mogwirizana pafupi mayiko akhoza kukwaniritsa mulingo woyenera mofulumira olimba a zinthu zachilengedwe.

zotsatira zoipa

Wachisoni zochita za anthu topezeka kudera la kwatanthauza kuti ndende ya m'nyanjazi chilengedwe cha mpweya mumlengalenga yafupika chaka chilichonse, ndipo ambiri akudwala izi wosanjikiza chapamwamba mumlengalenga imene Mpweya umene ndende zina kufika pamlingo yovuta. Pankhaniyi vuto lalikulu mu kubwezeretsa ntchito zake khola lili mu choona kuti Mpweya umene yokha akhoza kwambiri kuonjezera mpweya padziko, akusintha ingafooketse mbewu kwambiri. Komanso, mwa kusakaniza Mpweya umene ndi okusayidi nitric, hydrocarbon ndi mapangidwe chifunga photochemical, ndilo osakaniza kwambiri zoipa zingawononge amakhudza pa chilengedwe.

Chibwenzi, maganizo abwino a dziko akugwira ntchito pa vuto la kuchepetsa mavuto obwera chifukwa cha zochita za anthu. Kumene, topezeka kulengedwa mwa munthu, pang'ono matenda zizindikiro, koma pali Kuwonjezeka mpweya zomera mafakitale, kudziunjikira mu mlengalenga.

Komanso, pali zinthu zambiri ndipo siili mwa mawonekedwe a fumbi, phokoso, amveke minda mu atomu ndi kusintha nyengo chifukwa cha zimene yozungulira kutentha zisakuyenda chawonjezeka kwambiri, motero kuchititsa sizingasinthe kusintha nyengo.

miyeso thandizo zachilengedwe

Popeza zimakhudza anthu pa topezeka kudera kwachititsa kusintha kwambiri nyengo, kutentha makamaka lonse, anthu ayenera kukhala miyeso kwambiri kulimbana kuipitsidwa, kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha m'chilengedwe mu dziko, kaya ndi chilengedwe kapena yokumba. Chifukwa kudzikundikira mpweya mu mlengalenga, zimene zochepa zochepa zotayana mu malo, ndi zina pa nthaka kuchititsa zotsatira kutentha ofufuza amati kuwonjezeka kwambiri kutentha pa dziko zimawononga kuganizira amoyo onse. Komabe, dziŵani kuti popanda chikoka imeneyi, yomwe akusinthasintha pang'ono pa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri, topezeka amakono kuti athandizire anthu zinthu zachilengedwe, kodi kulibe.

Komabe anthu ayenera kwambiri kuchepetsa mpweya zigawo zoipa mu mlengalenga, ndi osachepera ziziyenda bwino mu ndondomeko kudula mitengo kupanga madera atsopano wobiriwira, chifukwa cha kutentha khola amveke zina patsogolo kwa evaporation wa madzi ndi kuwonongeka kwa kachitidwe nyengo. Nkofunika kuti miyeso ena mu munda kale atsopano. Makamaka zimenezi zikugwira ntchito kwa kulengedwa kwa Intergovernmental Group, amene ntchito - kuwayang'anira kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kuzindikira malo mpweya mkulu-mphamvu mafuta ndi kuponya magulu awo onse kuti akonze zinthu zachilengedwe m'derali.

Komanso, World Environmental Congress analengedwa, imadziwika kuti "Earth Summit." Iwo amachititsa m'ziwawa ntchito umalimbana mapeto a mgwirizano wa mayiko pakati pa mayiko onse kuti kuchepetsa mpweya woipawu ndi zinthu zina zoipa mu mlengalenga.

Ngakhale kuti masiku ano umboni wotsimikizika a kwanyengo anthropogenic kuti tsiku kulibe, asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti sizingasinthe ndondomeko wayamba kale. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndi chofunika kuti dziko lonse pamodzi ziziyenda zinthu zachilengedwe mu dziko.

zimakhudza anthu pa topezeka akhoza pang'ono inathetsedwa ndi chitukuko ndi oyamba zina kachitidwe lamphamvu ntchito mokwanira yoyeretsa ya mpweya. Masiku ano, nyumba amenewa anakhazikitsa yekha pa malo zapamwamba kwambiri, koma chiwerengero chawo ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri motero kuti ndi kuchepetsa mpweya akudutsa pafupifupi amaona chapansipansi lonse.

No zochepa ntchito ndi chitukuko cha kochokera kwambiri njira ya mphamvu kuti sabala mavuto pa chilengedwe. Komanso, mafakitale afike mlingo watsopano wa ntchito ndi ntchito njira zamakono sanali zinyalala mafakitale, ndi miyeso kulimbana mipweya utsi yotulutsa magalimoto, ayenera kulimbikitsidwa ngati kuli kotheka. Pokhapokha zinthu ndi kukhazikika ngati kuli kotheka, gulu lonse la Environment adzatha bwino kuzindikira ndi kuthana kuyan'anila onse.

ziziyenda Mapazi

The zoipa zimakhudza anthu pa topezeka zingaoneke osati kuipitsa chikhalidwe cha zinyalala mankhwala, monga ngati ndi Chernobyl, komanso ikutha ambiri a mitundu yambiri zayamba nyama ndi zomera. Mfundo zonsezi zimathandiza kuti kuwonongeka kwa thanzi la munthu, kaya magulu m'badwo. Komanso, kuyan'anila zachilengedwe bwanji ana ngakhale wosabadwayo, kwambiri impairing chikhalidwe ambiri chuma majini dziko ndi okhudza amafa.

A mwatsatanetsatane kusanthula mvetsetsa ziyenera a munthu topezeka akhoza adzaweruza kuti chachikulu kuwononga zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi makamaka kugwirizana ndi mwadala akulimbana ndi zochita za anthu. Pofunika zingaphatikizepo poaching ndi kuchuluka kwa zomera mankhwala, mpweya yoyipa kwambiri chilengedwe. Ngati posachedwapa anthu sankadziwa, kutitsogolera chifukwa aliyense pa mapeto a n'loonadi ake, ndipo akuyamba mwakhama ntchito yoyeretsa luso, kuphatikizapo kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha malo wobiriwira, makamaka m'mizinda ikuluikulu mafakitale m'tsogolo imeneyi kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo sizingasinthe padziko lonse.