Zitsulo R6M5: makhalidwe, ntchito

Aloyi mchitidwe gulu la chitatu wa nthawi ndi nthawi Mendeleyev System a atomiki nambala 26 (chitsulo) ndi ena mpweya ndi zina zinthu zambiri limatchedwa zitsulo. Iwo ali nayo mphamvu yapamwamba ndi kuuma, sadziwa ductility ndi kulimba chifukwa mpweya. Alloying zinthu kuonjezera makhalidwe abwino a aloyi lapansi. Komabe zitsulo imatengedwa kuti ndi zachitsulo zinthu muli osachepera 45% chitsulo.

Taganizirani aloyi monga chitsulo R6M5, ndiponso kuphunzira zimene makhalidwe lili ndi ziti ntchito.

Manganese monga mchitidwe alloying

Mpaka XIX m'ma zochizira zitsulo sanali akakhala ndi nkhuni ntchito mpweya zitsulo. kudula ake makhalidwe pakuti ichi zokwanira. Komabe, pamene kuyesa pokonza zigawo chida zitsulo kutenthetsa mwamsanga zisathe ndipo ngakhale opunduka.

English metallurgist Robert Myushett kudzera zatsopano anapeza kuti tithe aloyi ndi cholimba kwambiri, m'pofunika kuwonjezera ndi oxidant, umene kumumasula ku muyeso oxygen. Osewera zitsulo Zitsulo kuwonjezera chitsulo galasi, zomwe zili manganese. Popeza ndi mbali alloying, kuchuluka kwake sayenera upambana 0,8%. Choncho, zitsulo R6M5 limapangidwa kuchokera 0.2% kuti 0.5% manganese.

chitsulo tungsten

Kale mu 1858 pa ulimi wa kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi tungsten ntchito asayansi ambiri ndi metallurgists. Iwo ankadziwa kuti ndi mmodzi wa zitsulo kwambiri refractory. Kuwonjezera ku zitsulo monga mchitidwe alloying amaloledwa wodziwitsidwa aloyi kuti akhoza kupirira kutentha ndi samavala kunja.

Zitsulo R6M5 lili 5.5-6.5% tungsten. Kasakaniza wazitsulo nkhani yake amayamba ndi kalata "P" ndipo amatchedwa mkulu-liwiro. Zitsulo anali yokonzera mu 1858 godu Myushettom munali 9% tungsten, 2.5% manganese ndi 1,85 mpweya. Kenako, kuwonjezera zina 0,3% C, 0,4% Kr ndi kuchotsa% MN 1,62, W 3,56%, metallurgist analandira aloyi otchedwa Samokaev (P6M5). Malinga ndi makhalidwe ake, ndi ofanana ndi zitsulo P18.

akusowa wa tungsten

Inde, 1860s, pamene zinthu zambiri zinali wochuluka zonse, zitsulo tungsten ndi Kuwonjezera ankaona ndi cholimba kwambiri. M'kupita kwa nthawi, chinthu ichi mu chilengedwe chikuchepa, ndi mtengo pakuti kukula.

Kuyambira mfundo chuma view kuwonjezera wambirimbiri W mu zitsulo inasanduka kosathandiza. Pachifukwa ichi, zitsulo R6M5 amakonda kutchuka kwambiri kuposa P18. Ataona mankhwala awo zikuchokera, ife tikhoza kuwona kuti tungsten okhutitsidwa P18 - 17-18,5%, pamene, monga aloyi tungsten-molybdenum - kuti munthu pazipita 6.5%. Komanso, samokale azipereka kwa 0,25% mkuwa, mpaka 5.3% molybdenum.

alloying zinthu zina

Kuwonjezera pa pamwamba mpweya, manganese, tungsten ndi molybdenum, zitsulo R6M5 mulinso mu kapangidwe kake cobalt ndi (0.5%), chromium (4.4%), mkuwa (0,25%), vanadium (2.1%) phosphorous (0.03%), sulfure (0.025%), faifi tambala (0.6%) pakachitsulo (0.5%). Zizindikiro zimafunikiranji?

Aliyense wa zinthu alloying ndi ntchito yake. Mwachitsanzo, chromium chofunika kulumikiza ikukhudzana ndi faifi tambala kumawonjezera kukhuthala. Molybdenum ndi vanadium pafupifupi kuthetsa brittleness pambuyo tempering. Ena mwa zinthu ngati alloying kusintha katundu wa zitsulo monga kuuma ofiira ndi otentha kuuma.

Zitsulo R6M5, makhalidwe amene tikuphunzira, mu boma anaumitsa ali ndi kuwumitsa HRC 66 pa mayeso kutentha kwa 600 ° C. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale ndi Kutentha amphamvu kuti sasiya makhalidwe ake mphamvu, choncho, samavala kunja ndipo alibe deform.

chikhazikitso R6M5

Kufotokoza zitsulo zimadalira mmene anapangidwa, womwenso zinthu alloying ndipo lili mpweya kwambiri. Kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mayina awo. Mwachitsanzo, aloyi muli zinthu alloying, izo amaimira "masentimita" ndi nambala yotsatira zimene zikusonyeza pafupifupi mpweya okhutitsidwa zitsulo (St20, St45).

Woyamba kasakaniza wazitsulo otsika-alloyed ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya, ndiyeno kalata kutanthauza zinthu mankhwala (10HSND, 20HN4FA). Ngati pafupi ndi iwo, monga mwa chitsanzo, pali zingapo kanjedza - zikutanthauza nkhani ya aliyense wa iwo alibe upambana 1%. Kalata "R" mu aloyi sitampu limasonyeza kuti ndi HSS (mofulumira).

Kuseri kwa icho pali zingapo - ndi kuchuluka tungsten (P9, P18), ndi zina, makalata ndi zithunzi - ndi zinthu alloying ndi kuchuluka kwawo. Kuchokera pamenepa, ndizoonekeratu kuti liwilo zitsulo R6M5 lili mpaka 6% tungsten ndi 5% molybdenum.

annealing

Monga ulamuliro, kupanga aloyi ngati Agiriki ndi ntchito kwa steels onse mkulu-liwiro. Komabe, tiyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti kuti aloyi tungsten-molybdenum anali kwenikweni cholimba, olimba ndi cholimba, ziyenera annealed.

Ngati zopangidwa Mwachitsanzo, ST45, kutaya mphamvu yake katundu pa annealing, mkulu-liwiro M'malo mwake, zabwino ndi amphamvu ndi olimba. N'chifukwa chake R6M5 annealed pamaso kuumitsa. Kodi zimenezi zimachitika?

Ganyu (mwachitsanzo, ukonde "zitsulo R6M5") pafupifupi 22 mm ng'anjo wapadera ndi mkangano ndi kutentha kwa 870 ° C, ndiye utakhazikika kwa 800 ° C, kenako usavutike kachiwiri. m'zinthu amenewa kungakhale pafupifupi 10.

Komanso, pambuyo wachisanu zofunika kuchepetsa kutentha pang'onopang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, koma kachiwiri Kutentha kwa 850 ° C ndi utakhazikika kwa 780 ° C. Ndipo kotero mpaka akafika mlingo wa 600 ° C.

Chotero zovuta annealing ndondomeko chifukwa kukhalapo kwa mbewu austenite mu aloyi doped, umene uli kwambiri osafunika. Kutentha ndi kuzirala maximizes kusungunuka zinthu alloying, koma austenite sadzakhala kukula.

Ngati sangaime kutentha ndi kuchita annealing pa kutentha kuposa 900 ° C, chinawonjezeka kuchuluka kwa austenite aumbike ndi kuwumitsa aloyi ndi amachepetsa. Yozizira akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kusamba, izo adzapulumutsa ku tungsten-molybdenum aloyi ming'alu ndi nadkoly.

The njira kupanga R6M5

Kumene, monga aloyi ina, R6M5 opangidwa zazikulu mosiyanasiyana. Choncho, ena masitolo otentha-liwiro zitsulo aponyedwa ingots. Pa wina ndi kupanga malipiro ake wosachedwa adagulung'undisa. Kuti tichite zimenezi, mipiringidzo mkangano crimped pakati pa akhazikitsa mphero kugudubuzika. mawonekedwe ake analandira kudzadalira pa mawonekedwe a migodi okha.

Brand zitsulo R6M5 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito magawo zikugwira ntchito pa kutentha. Pachifukwa ichi, zaposachedwapa njira yotchuka kwambiri yopanga zitsulo ndi ufa.

Pamene mumapezeka wa ingots otentha zitsulo, mofulumira kwambiri mpweya wa carbides ku Sungunulani. M'madera ena, iwo apanga sanali yunifolomu dera lalikulu, lomwe m'tsogolo ndi malo ming'alu.

Pamene kupanga ufa, ufa wapadera, zigawo zikuluzikulu zonse zofunikira alipo mu zikuchokera kuti. sintered yache mu zingalowe chidebe ndi kutentha ndi anzawo. Izi zimathandiza chakuti zinthu akutembenukira homogeneous.

ntchito

Zitsulo R6M5 ankagwiritsa ntchito m'mafakitale zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri ndi ntchito kupanga kudula zida kutembenuka, mphero ndi kuboola makina mu makampani. Ichi ndi chifukwa tingachidziwe mphamvu, kutentha kukana, kuuma.

Monga ulamuliro, zikhale za akufa pochita, n'kudzandigunda, amafa, odula. Kudula chida zitsulo R6M5 kwambiri kudula imathamanga mkulu, kuwonjezera, sikutanthauza refrigeration Gomel. R6M5 zitsulo mpeni - kumakhalanso sizachilendo.

Popeza tungsten-molybdenum aloyi ali kuuma mkulu ndi mkulu kukhuthala, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri kupanga masamba ndi mikono yamphamvu ndi dongosolo wokongola.

Alloying zinthu kuchuluka chofunika analola kuti akonze zitsulo wapadera, amene ali pafupifupi sakhala dzimbiri ndipo ali grindability wabwino. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti kuikira ntchito kudula liwiro kuwonjezeka ndi nthawi 4.

Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa kupanga mayendedwe mpira kutentha zosagwira ntchito pa liwilo pa kutentha 500-600 ° C. Analogues R6M5 aloyi ndi P12 R10K5F5, R14F4, R9K10, R6M3, R9F5, R9K5, R18F2, 6M5K5. Ngati tungsten-molybdenum kasakaniza wazitsulo ambiri ntchito popanga chida wosemera (akufa pochita, mphero cutters), ndi vanadium (R14F4) liza (zikulilima, broaching). ayenera kukhalira pa chilichonse chida kudula chodetsa amalola inu mukudziwa chapangidwa kuchokera aloyi.