Ziwerengero ulimi kumayambiriro kwa zaka XVIII-XVIIII

Kuyambira nthawi, titero, za moyo wa munthu ziwerengero watanthauzo kumlingo pano mu miyoyo ya anthu. Popeza kuti ulimi wa anthu ambiri ndi ntchito lofunika anapezazo ndi zowerengera ndipo anayamba kuoneka pansi pa makampani kale ndi zambiri intensively. Ngati tikambirana zinthu monga ziwerengero ulimi yaikulu masiku ano Russia, ndi Dziwani chakuti mbali imeneyi aumbike mwa malire ndi chovomerezeka anakhala yekha m'nthawi ya 18. Komanso, pa mabuku onse akuzigawo pafupifupi zaka za m'ma 19 izo inaliko nkhani yekha wa mbewu ndi kukolola, ankaziona kuti mu njira afesedwa dera aliyense, chimene, mwachibadwa, kukhale kovuta kudziwa zokolola. Izo zinali kokha mu zaka 1882-1883, mudziwe anali pamodzi m'zigawo za m'madera afesedwa.

Chapakati Committee Statistical analandira lochuluka wachibale

ziwerengero ulimi kumayambiriro kwa zaka 18-19 anali m'malo weniweni. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mfundo zomwe atorela mu ambiri kudzera zaufulu mawu a eni dziko. Tikumbukenso kuti pafupifupi mpaka 1903 m'madera afesedwa akhala m'magulu awiri - possessory ndi gawo. Ndipo okha ndi kusintha mu ntchito ya Komiti Statistical chapakati mu 1904 kuwunikira m'dziko njira zina chawonjezeka, panali mwamseri anagula, anausiya ndi gawo dziko.

Choona chidwi ndi kuti kuwonjezera kutsogolera ku Central Statistical Komiti ya Kafukufuku wa mbewu chidwi ndi dipatimenti ya ulimi ndi makampani kumidzi, zokhudzana ku Unduna wa State Katundu and Agriculture. Pa acreage ofanana, komanso si n'komwe. Choona chidwi akhoza adaganiziranso kuti mu nthawi iyi ziwerengero mbewu yeniyeni zokolola za mbewu monga chimanga ndi mbewu zina zinachitikadi mu otchedwa Samah. Izi wachibale muyeso wagawo yodziwika ndi chiŵerengero cha mbewu feedstock kukolola. Mwachitsanzo, chizindikiro "yekha awiri" kutanthauza kuti poyamba zofesedwa theka Mwachitsanzo, tirigu, osati kenako pamodzi mbewu yake.

ziweto Kafukufuku

Zikuonekeratu kuti ngakhale pamisinkhu ndi mafalitsidwe a mapangidwe ziwerengero ulimi sangathe womangika ngakhale banal view wa mbewu mwakula ndi mbewu zina. Kumene, kumlingo, ndipo imachitika kusunga ziweto. Chiwerengero cha ziweto zilipo monga zonse mu mabuku amodzi zigawo umene panthawi imeneyo unali limafotokoza. Tikumbukenso kuti ziwerengero ziweto kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 18 zinachitikadi dipatimenti Chowona Zanyama kwa Utumiki wa za M'dziko (1863) Komabe, nkhani yodalirika pa nkhani anayamba kubweretsa otchedwa asilikali kavalo kalembera amene ali kunayambira ku 1882, kuyendetsedwa ndi onse mu malo omwewo Komiti chapakati zowerengera a zigawo 58. Zikuonekeratu kuti kalembera izi kunachitidwa pa akavalo, msinkhu wawo, eni, ndi zina zotero. Koma ndi pamaso pa kavalo kapena zambiri Yodziwika, mfundo, pamene kuthekera chuma.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti, ngakhale kuti ziwerengero ulimi anayamba ndi, Chofunika kwambiri, anali malo kukhala m'ziwawa kalembera ulimi lonse la Russia anapangidwa yekha mu 1916. Iwo anali wolumikizana ndi nkhondo ndi kufunika kuti tiganizire za zinthu zonse chakudya dziko.