Zizindikiro ndi mankhwala a chiwindi C HIV genotypes za matenda C. matendawa Mankhwala

Mpaka posachedwapa ndi chiwindi C HIV ankaona mtundu okha wa HIV Hepacivirus. Koma kunapezeka kuti akavalo, agalu, makoswe ndi zibonga komanso timakhala matenda. Yesetsani kumvetsa mmene oopsa chiwindi C kwa munthu wonga iye kudziwa ndi kuchiza, monga matenda yake matendawa kwambiri zimatithandiza chithandizocho. Komanso, matenda atengeke ana ang'ono, ndi kale izo wapezeka kwambiri, mwayi wa zotsatira zabwino.

ndi chiwindi C HIV zimene

Munthu kudziwa matenda, nthawi yomweyo akuyamba amazunza mafunso ambiri okhudza chiwindi C: Kodi ndi (chithunzi umboni wa matenda), ntchito kwa dokotala aliyense thandizo, ndi zina zotero. Matenda a chikasu ndiyo kapena chiwindi HIV ndi tinthu wopangidwa mwa zinthu majini (RNA) mu pakati, atazunguliridwa ndi mapuloteni icosahedral chipolopolo ndi zoteteza litapakidwa zamadzimadzi (kapena mafuta) selo anachokera envelopu.

Chiwindi C ndi imodzi mwa mavairasi angapo amene amayambitsa aakulu kutupa chiwindi akakufunsani. Mpaka 85% ya anthu amene anali ndi mawonekedwe pachimake cha matenda, ndi matenda matendawa ndi moyo wake wonse. Infection makamaka kumachitika kudzera m'magazi (mtsempha jekeseni wa singano sanali wosabala, zimakhalapo, bala). Kusatetezeka kudzera mu kugonana ndi HIV izi imatengedwa otsika, komabe malo.

Zimayambitsa matenda a chiwindi B mu Akuluakulu

Chiwindi C - matenda chifukwa cha HIV kuti infects chiwindi. The ntchito chiwindi ntchito monga kuchotsa zoipa zinthu mankhwala ndi thupi, kusintha chimbudzi, mavitamini mankhwala ndi chakudya chakudya, komanso mu ndondomeko ya magazi kuundana pa mabala ndi zilonda. Chiwindi C mu akazi ndi choopsa kwambiri kwa makanda chifukwa mwanayo akhoza kachilombo kuchokera kwa mayi wodwala pobereka. Ndicho chifukwa chake kuli kofunika kuti aone ukupeza wake pamene akukonzekera kukhala ndi pakati.

matenda a chikasu ndiyo HIV wamkulu akhoza anagawira milandu zotsatirazi:

1. Ntchito sanali wosabala jekeseni mtsempha kapena matenda mu mnofu (kuphatikizapo mankhwala).
2. Zizindikiro, kuboola thupi, kutema mphini atagwira sanali wosabala masingano njira.
3. Pa akugonana mosadziteteza ndi okondedwa ndi kachilombo, ngati pa nthawi ino pali kukhudzana kupyolera mu mwazi (zilonda, mabala, zilonda za kumaliseche kapena pa msambo). njira zikugwirizanirana njira za zachilendo kukhudzana.
4. Pamene ndondomeko magazi.
5. Pa mankhwala m'zipatala mano.

Sneezing, kutsokomola, kugawana chakudya, kuwombola mafoloko ndi mipeni kapena zina mwachisawawa chogwirika kukhudzana chiwindi si opatsirana.

Zimayambitsa matenda a chiwindi ana

Zizindikiro ndi mankhwala a chiwindi C ana akusiyanako zizindikiro za matenda akuluakulu. chiwindi mwana chimafikira m'njira ziwiri: kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana (njira ofukula za matenda) ndi mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi magazi a munthu kachilombo (a parenteral njira za matenda). HIV akhoza kuchoka mayi ndi kachilombo kwa ana akhanda pobereka, pafupipafupi Zikatero ndi za 4-5%. Choncho ngati utapezeka mkazi anapereka kuchita mbali Kaisara, lomwe pang'ono amachepetsa chiopsezo kufala kwa matenda a chiwindi B HIV kwa ana akhanda. Infection ana njira yachiwiri zambiri amapezeka mu njira zosiyanasiyana mankhwala, mano chithandizo, utsogoleli wa mankhwala kudzera zida wosabala, hemodialysis, magazi ndi njira zina zachipatala.

Mu achinyamata, monga akuluakulu, izo kumawonjezera mwayi chotenga ntchito chiwindi mankhwala. Komanso, kusatetezeka ana achinyamata kuchuluka kuphwanya malamulo a ukhondo wa khungu zizindikiro, kuboola thupi ndi zinthu zina. Pamene kumeta mankhwala ambiri ukhondo kudzera mabala ndi abrasions pa khungu mu thupi kudutsa mavairasi.

Zizindikiro za matenda B akuluakulu

Nthawi zambiri anthu ambiri ndi chiwindi C zizindikiro khalidwe la matenda. Zizindikiro za matenda aakulu zimachokeradi mpaka amamuyambitsa timabala mpaka chiwindi si anapanga (matenda enaake). Mu matenda kuchita zambiri ndi kufooka ambiri, kutopa zimabwezera ali ndi zizindikiro nonspecific ngakhale sitili pa matenda enaake.

zizindikiro zambiri akuwonetseredwa matenda kwambiri kenako pamene chiwindi makulitsidwe nyengo ndi masiku 15 mpaka 150. anthu kachilombo popanda zizindikiro za matenda ndi kuopseza ena, monga amachita monga chotengera cha HIV ndipo angathe kupatsira ena pamwamba njira. Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda ndi monga izi:

- kusowa chilakolako;

- malaise, kufooka;

- nseru, kusanza;

- m'mimba;

- mwadzidzidzi imfa modabwitsa kulemera popanda chifukwa chenicheni;

- chikasu pathupi, sclera eyeballs (wotchedwa matenda ambiri matenda a chikasu ndiyo);

- kusintha mu mkodzo mtundu (kuti bulauni mdima) ndi chopondapo (ndowe yochitidwa).

Zizindikiro za matenda ana

Wapakati makulitsidwe nyengo kwa chiwindi mwana masiku 15 kapena miyezi 6. Zizindikiro za matenda a chikasu ndiyo ana zimachitika zosakwana 50% a milandu ndipo anasonyeza makamaka mwa chikasu pathupi ndi azungu cha maso. Icteric nthawi zambiri amatenga masabata 3. Chifukwa chiwindi yodziwika ndi kutukusira kwa chiwindi, mwanayo okwana kuledzera zikachitika, amene anatsagana ndi nseru, kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba. Mawonekedwe pachimake cha matenda zimayamba pang'onopang'ono, zizindikiro kuonjezera pang'onopang'ono, pamene pali chitukuko cha matenda dyspeptic ndi matenda astenovegetativnogo. Zizindikiro za matenda a chikasu ndiyo ana akhozanso kukopeka ndi malungo, kupweteka. Discolored ndowe, mkodzo M'malo mwake, amakhala woderapo mtundu.

Kuzindikiritsidwa zizindikiro ndi mankhwala a chiwindi C umafananirako kuyambira matenda mochedwa kapena kusapezeka kwa mankhwalawa mu 10-20% milandu onse pachimake matenda mawonekedwe matenda a chikasu ndiyo amakhala aakulu. Matenda matenda a chikasu ndiyo nthawi zambiri asymptomatic ndipo kawirikawiri wapezeka pa kuyendera mwachisawawa mwanayo pamene nthawi abedwa ndi matenda likadali naye moyo. ana awa ndi kutopa kuchuluka, asthenia, zizindikiro extrahepatic (telangiectasia, kapillyarity).

diagnostics

Chifukwa chakuti matendawa matenda pachimake zambiri asymptomatic zofunika kwambiri oyambirira matenda a matenda. Popereka mwayi aakulu matenda kudziwika yafupika matenda kukhala undiagnosed ndipo angathe mavuto aakulu monga matenda enaake kapena khansa chiwindi.

Kudziwika kachilomboko kakhale m'thupi kumachitika mwa kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chitetezo mu magazi, ndiyeno zikutsimikiziridwa ndi mayesero zina kudziwa RNA tizilombo. Kuchuluka kwa RNA mu magazi (tizilombo katundu chizindikiro) sali chilamulira chikhalidwe mwamphamvu matenda, koma angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti aziona zochita za chamoyo kuchitiridwa. Chiwindi biopsy ntchito kuti aone mmene matenda kugonjetsedwa (limba kuwononga ndipo amamuyambitsa timabala maselo) ake, kufunika chimene chiri chofunika pokonza mankhwala.

Matenda ikuchitika mu magawo 2:

- Kuyezetsa magazi kwa chitetezo ku HIV matenda a chikasu ndiyo angathe kudziwa ngati munthu ali ndi HIV;

- ndi mayeso abwino kuti chitetezo ikuchitika ndi mkati asidi zofufuza kwa matendawa RNA, kudziwa mtundu wa matenda (pachimake kapena aakulu).

Ndiye, ndi mayesero zabwino, dokotala amafunika kuunikira mlingo wa kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi (fibrosis kapena matenda enaake). Izi zikhoza kutheka ndi biopsy kapena osiyanasiyana amene sanali olanda mayeso. Komanso, wodwala ayenera kupulumutsa yopimira kudziwa genotype a mtundu wa chiwindi C. The digiri ya kuwonongeka chiwindi ndi genotype ntchito posankha zochita pa mankhwala ndi kasamalidwe ka matenda.

The genotypes za matenda C

Pofuna kuchiza matenda kukhala othandiza, n'kofunika kufotokoza zinthu zake genotype HIV. Genotypes matendawa ogaŵikana mitundu zisanu ndi chimodzi. Monga ulamuliro, odwala ndi kachilombo ndi genotype mmodzi yekha, koma aliyense wa iwo kwenikweni chisakanizo cha mavairasi yogwirizana otchedwa quasi-mitundu. Iwo ali ndi chizolowezi mutate ndipo ayamba kusamva mankhwala panopa. Ichi ndi chimene akufotokoza vuto mankhwala a matenda a chikasu ndiyo aakulu.

Mmunsimu muli mndandanda wa genotypes osiyana cha matenda a chiwindi C:

1. Genotype 1a.
2. Genotype 1b.
3. Genotype 2a, 2b, 2c, 2D.
4. Genotype 3a, 3, 3C, 3D, 3e, 3f.
5. Genotype 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4G, 4h, 4i, 4j.
6. Genotype 5a.
7. Genotype 6a.

The genotypes a matendawa ndi wofunika madokotala pamene opereka malangizo achire. Mwachitsanzo, genotype 1 ndi ovuta kwambiri kuchiza, ndi odwala matendawa genotype 2 ndi 3 anawayankha bwino chithandizo ndi osakaniza alpha-interferon ndi ribavirin. Ndiponso, ntchito osakaniza mankhwala, analimbikitsa Kutalika kwa nthawi yoperekera chithandizo kumatengera genotype lapansi.

Chithandizo cha matenda a chiwindi C

Zizindikiro ndi mankhwala a chiwindi C umafananirako chifukwa mankhwala zachokera kuphatikizapo pa zizindikiro za matenda. Pamaso chithandizo ayenera kuchitira bwinobwino kuti kudziwa njira yabwino kwa mtima ndi matenda ake. Komanso, pa maziko a mudziwe matenda adokotala akhoza kudziwa chimene chiwindi C ndi yabwino kwambiri iliyonse payekha. Modern muyezo chithandizo cha matenda a chikasu ndiyo osakaniza mankhwala mavairasi oyambitsa ndi "interferon" ndi "Ribavirin" imene polimbana genotypes onse. Mwatsoka, "Interferon" si chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala lomwe lili ndi zotsatira zoipa zimachitika ambiri odwala, ndi zoona mitundu ribavirin ndi mankhwala ndi mwina, mankhwala abwino kwambiri a chiwindi C kwa tsiku.

sayansi zinachititsa kuti papezeke mankhwala atsopano mavairasi oyambitsa ku matenda a chikasu ndiyo, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri, abwino ndi udzachepa koposa anthu alipo. Iwo antivirals akuchita mwachindunji (PDP), okhoza osati wosalira zambiri zochizira matenda, komanso kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa odwala vyzdoravlivaemosti. Komabe, mankhwala mavairasi oyambitsa ndi zotsatira zina zoyipa ndi zimachititsa matenda awa odwala:

- mutu;

- chimfine zizindikiro;

- nseru;

- kutopa;

- thupi zopweteka;

- maganizo;

- totupa pakhungu, thupi lawo siligwirizana.

Ngati mwana anapezeka ndi matenda a chiwindi C, mankhwala ayenera umalimbana popewa kusintha kwa mtundu pachimake cha matenda mu chosatha. Therapy komanso kwenikweni ndi zovuta zikuphatikizapo osakaniza monga kukonzekera interferon wa zophatikizananso, reaferon mu parenteral mawonekedwe viferona ndi suppositories thumbo. regimens Chithandizo amasankhidwa payekha kwa mwana aliyense.

Ana kwa zaka 7 ndi unyamata akhoza perekani osakaniza mankhwala, "interferon" ndi "Ribavirin". Akulu inductors ( "TSikloferon") ndi immunomodulators ( "Taktivin"). Nthawi ya chithandizo cha matenda a chikasu ndiyo ana kumatengera zifukwa zambiri, kuyambira 24 mpaka masabata 48. Ngati anapezeka ndi matenda a chiwindi C, mankhwala ayenera limodzi ndi zakudya, kukhalabe kadyedwe ndi moyo, kusuta kutha ndi mowa. Nkofunika kusunga bedi zina ndi kupewa kumwa mankhwala zosafunika.

Pali njira za makolo ya chithandizo cha matenda a chikasu ndiyo, koma kuwaika iwo, onetsetsani kukaonana ndi dokotala anu, kuti kuwononga thupi ndi kuti kukulitsa matenda.

Kafukufuku ndi zotsatira

Pamene odwala kudziwa chiwindi C, momwe mukhoza kukhala nawo, mwina limodzi mwa mafunso ofunika kwambiri amene iwo kufunsa dokotala. Pomwepo tisaiwale kuti Zoneneratu kudzadalira kudziwika yake ya matenda ndi mphamvu ya mankhwala amene wapatsidwa. Nthawi kuzindikiridwa zizindikiro ndi mankhwala a chiwindi C, kupeza - chinsinsi bwino. Therapy ndi wabwino kwa chikhalidwe onse wodwala, mumachitira azimuth zabwino ndi kuonjezera mwayi wa zotsatira zabwino. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, 20% cha odwala amene atenga chiwindi, kwathunthu kuchiritsidwa, ngakhale izi sizikutanthauza kuti iwo ndiotetezedwa ku matenda m'tsogolo. Otsala 80% odwala kukhala matenda aakulu (maonekedwe zizindikiro khalidwe kapena asymptomatic). anthu awa kukhala matenda ena kwa moyo, monga onyamula HIV.

Pamene dokotala akutha wodwala matenda a chiwindi C (zizindikiro), mankhwala ndi zotsatira za matenda - mfundo zimene ayenera Zikuvumbulutsidwa kwa wodwala posachedwapa ndi mu maonekedwe paulendowo. Ngati munthu ali ndi matenda a chiwindi C kwa chiwerengero cha zaka, iye kawirikawiri kukhala mavuto otsatirawa:

- chiwindi aakulu;

- matenda enaake;

- khansa chiwindi.

kupewa matenda

Mwatsoka, pakadali pano palibe katemera ndi matenda a chikasu ndiyo. Odwala amene anali chiwindi C, ndemanga zimene bwino kuteteza matenda kuposa kuchiza izo. Choncho, kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda ndi matenda ena ofala kudzera m'magazi, anthu ayenera kusunga zofunika zotsatirazi:

1. Pewani kugawana zinthu zina kuvala ndi ntchito zinthu zimene akhoza zakhudzana ndi magazi (mwachitsanzo, malezala, toothbrushes, etc.).
2. Pewani kubowola makutu, kuboola thupi, kutema mphini mankhwala zizindikiro m'malo sterility zokayikitsa ndi opanda ukhondo.
3. Anthu ndi chiwindi C HIV pamene kuyendera chipatala mano, kapena aliyense mabungwe ena chisamaliro chaumoyo akuyenera kudziwitsa dokotala kuti akuchita HIV. Tikapanda kutero jeopardizes alendo ambiri ku chipatala mano.
4. mabala iliyonse kapena abrasions ayenera mosamala kusamalira zothetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kuikuta pamwamba pa bandeji madzi.
5. Anthu akazi angapo ogonana, ntchito njira chotchinga cha kulera, monga makondomu, kuchepetsa matenda mwa chiwindi C HIV ndi matenda ena amene opatsirana kudzera mu kugonana.
6. Nkofunika kugwira zodzitetezera umalimbana njira abwino kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo jekeseni, jakisoni, zizindikiro ndi zinthu zina.

Iwo anazindikira kuti chiwindi C HIV si opatsirana kudzera wamba. Kugwirana chanza, kundipsompsona ndi kundikumbatira ndi otetezeka, zimene zinachitikira palibe kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera kudzipatula pamene ntchito ndi odwala matendawa. Keyala, omwe amaonjezera ngozi ya HIV, nthawi zonse limodzi ndi kutuluka kwa magazi.