Zomera zomangamanga Large ku Russia

Russia - mayiko olemera ndi mbiri yaitali ya chitukuko mafakitale. Motero, Russian makina kumanga zomera otsogolera chuma cha dziko. Buku okwana mafakitale cholowa cha mankhwala zomangamanga ndi mu osiyanasiyana 20%. Izi ndi zabwino pafupifupi mlingo Komabe, m'pofunika kukula chifukwa mayiko otukuka, chithunzi ichi uli pafupi ndi 40% kapena zambiri.

Place makampani mu makampani Russian

Russian makina zomangamanga mu kapangidwe ka chuma cha dziko amutsutsa malo oyamba ndi malasha makampani mafuta ndipo kwambiri kuposa kumabungwe ena a chuma. Pambuyo kugwa kwa USSR, gawo lake mu "Piggy ambiri" ndi 28% (1990) adagulung'undisa mpaka 16% (1995), koma kenako anayamba kuchira yosalala. Ndi chiyambi cha kanjedza m'ma XXI ziwonjezeke kwa 19%, ndi 2015 - 22%.

Mu 2013, Russian makina zomanga mafakitale udachita $ biliyoni 190 (zankhaninkhani, 6 rubles). Total mu Russia pali 19 maofesi mafakitale, oposa zana boma kumabungwe ndi mafakitale payekha. The zomangamanga nawo pa 40,000 mabizinesi zamitundu yonse ndiponso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya umwini (2000 a iwo - akuluakulu), umene uli mmodzi mwa atatu chiwerengero amakampani mafakitale. 1/3 anthu okwana ntchito amagwira ntchito ku makampani: oposa 4.5 anthu (miliyoni 3.5 wa iwo - ntchito). A ambiri ogwira ntchito amasankha kufunika chikhalidwe cha gawo mu kupereka ntchito.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Anthu ku Russia ankachita processing zitsulo kuyambira nthawi makedzana. Mu Urals, ndi kuthetsa wakale anapeza komwe anasungunuka zitsulo ndi zopangidwa izo zosiyanasiyana zaka zoposa 6,000 zapitazo. Mu Kievan Lazaro kale mu X atumwi panali zokambirana chachikulu, kutulutsa katundu zovuta. M'zaka za m'ma XII, makolo athu katswiri kutembenukira ndi makina mphero. Komabe, woyamba makina zomanga zomera ku Russia anaonekera kwa zaka za m'ma XVI. Anagwirizana ndi nkhani chida ndipo anaikidwa Tula. Yopanga inachokera pa miyala m'dera chitsulo, koma anali numerically yaing'ono, unagawanika ndipo sanali zokhudza zonse.

A kusintha chosintha makampani zinachitika pansi Peter, amene anali yogwira expansionist ndondomeko. Asilikali ake ankafuna zida ano, zida ndi zipangizo. Ndi Kupezeka kwa madipoziti lalikulu zitsulo mu Urals kumeneko zinalengedwa ndi mabizinezi makina zomanga, makamaka zida.

sitima makampani

The m'mimba mwa sipekitiramu mankhwala chopangidwa kumabweretsa chakuti ambiri lalikulu makina zomanga zomera ku Russia, pokhala Mlengi yekha mankhwala ena, nthawi yomweyo ndi ochepa mabuku malonda mu mawu ndalama. Ndi makampani waukulu Russian makampani mafuta, zitsulo ndi petrochemical mafakitale mofanana mu nkhani za kukhazikitsa "AvtoVAZ" AHK "Sukhoi", OJSC "GAZ" gulu "madzi" ndipo OJSC "KAMAZ".

chiwerengero cha utsogoleri zikuphatikizapo makampani makamaka magalimoto (zomangamanga kum'mwera kwa gawo ndi gawo lapamwamba pa kapangidwe ka linanena bungwe la mankhwala zomangamanga) ndi MIKA, ndipo chiwerengero cha lalikulu kupanga makina zomanga (ndi zolowa pachaka oposa biliyoni 5 rubles) ndi ochepa.

Holdings ndi FPG

Russian makina zomangamanga zisakuyenda anayamba kutsatira njira ya mapangidwe makampani atagwira ndi zachuma mafakitale magulu (nkhuyu). Pamene munthu asunga monga pofuna makampani makina zomanga ndi wambiri, olengedwa mwa zaka zam'mbuyo (OMZ, mphamvu zomangamanga bungweli, "New Mapologalamu ndi mfundo" ndi ena), ndi mapangidwe magulu atsopano anapanga pamaziko a likulu, amazipeza mafakitale ena. Kukula kwambiri noticeable mu makampani zitsulo zomangamanga, zomwe zinachititsa mapangidwe magalimoto wamphamvu FPG "RusPromAvto" ndi gulu la makampani galimoto "Severstal". Chifukwa chimodzi kapena zingapo makampani akuluakulu (magulu) inakhazikitsidwa ambiri kum'mwera zigawo, akuwazenga mu malo wamphamvu.

Yaikulu makina zomanga zomera ku Russia

Mndandanda wa makampani ndi antchito oposa 12,000, anatsika ndi lamulo (kuchokera 120 mpaka khumi angapo). Top 10 makampani chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito sayendera amene lasintha modabwitsa pa zaka khumi zapitazi. zingapo mafakitale kwenikweni zinatha, ena kwambiri yafupika ndodo. Mwachitsanzo, timapereka tebulo poyerekeza wa zimphona zomangamanga pa pachimake ndi lero.

A mndandanda tsatanetsatane wa makampani akuluakulu opaleshoni ndi dera ili.

Chapakati District Federal

Kumadzulo, Russian zina zamakono makampani chitetezo ndi anaikira (mwachitsanzo, ndege ndi roketi kupanga kachitidwe mpweya chitetezo ndi mfuti Rada, galimoto matayala), makampani danga, manufactures osiyanasiyana injini dizilo, zida sitima, makina ndi zipangizo. M'dera Kaluga pali m'bulu wa opanga yachilendo ya Galimoto. Nthawiyi, zoweta galimoto zimphona AZLK ndi ZIL anataya mogometsa.

• EKR ogwira "Almaz-Antey" (chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito Gulu anthu 98,000). Mbaliyi Moscow Machine Nyumba Bzalani "Avangard" (yopanga mizinga odana ndege), Dolgoprudnenskoe NPP (wotsutsa-ndege mivi), NGOs LEMZ (radars), Moscow Radio Engineering Bzalani (mawailesi) ndi ena.
• Khrunichev. M. V. Hrunicheva (anthu 43500, Moscow.) - ndi ogwira ntchito otsogolera roketi ndi danga makampani. Mpatuko zipange chonyamulira maroketi "purotoni", "Angara".
• Bzalani Moscow Machine Nyumba "Chabwino wa Labor" ndi RAC "MiG" (anthu 14,500, Moscow.) - kumasulidwa ozimitsa "MiG".
• Car mafakitale makampani akunja, "Renault Russia" ( "Avtoframos", anthu 2300, Moscow.), "PSMA Lazaro» (PSA Peugeot Citroen ndi Mitsubishi, Kaluga dera.), "Volkswagen Gulu Lazaro" (Kaluga dera.), "Volvo Vostok "(Kaluga dera.) ndi ena.
• RSC "Energia" (Korolev) - ŵa roketi ndi danga kampani dziko.
• MIKA "NPO Machine Building" (18,000 anthu, Reutov.) - ndi roketi ndi luso danga.
• MZ "ZIO-Podolsk" (4700 pers.) - zipangizo zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi zomera CHP.
• "Kolomna fakitale" (6400 pers.) - sitima, sitima magetsi, zida dizilo.
• Bryansk Engineering Ntchito (6800 pers.) - sitima, ngolo.
• "Autodiesel" (Yaroslavl galimoto) - injini kupanga.

chakumadzulo FD

Mu St. Petersburg ndi Leningrad dera ali ndi yaikulu makina zomanga zomera ku Russia. sitima Local zatenga ndi udindo waukulu pomanga mabwalo a asilikali ndi boma. Mwa akatswiri zoweta chimphona kukula masitolo (mahekitala 200 mzindawo) waima Kirovsky thalakitala Bzalani, ndalama waukulu umene chinang'ambika danga osati kupanga kumasulidwa mbiri. wakhomo, fakitale lalikulu "Ford" mu Vsevolozhsk amachita ,. Wina pakati makina zomanga a m'dera mzinda wa Severodvinsk, kumene iwo amamanga sitima zankhondo.

• "Sevmash" (anthu 25,000 Severodvinsk.) - yomanga sitima zankhondo.
• Sitima ya St. Petersburg: "Admiralty sitima" (woyamba tawuni gulu la anthu 8,000.) "Baltic Bzalani" (4000 pers.), "Severnaya Verf" (3500 pers.), "Mid-Nevsky" (pafupifupi 1000 anthu..) .
• zida kupanga mphamvu: Leningrad Chitsulo Ntchito (mu 2017 chimatsimikizira chikumbutso 160th, chimabala turbines), "Electrosila" (magudumu), "Izhora Chipinda" (kwa nyukiliya zida mphamvu, amene anakumba zinthu zakale).
• Autoenterprise Ford, Toyota, Nissan, Hyundai, General Motors, MAN, Scania.
• LOMO (St. Petersburg) - zida kuwala.
• Kirov thalakitala Bzalani (8000 pers.) - yopanga "Kirovets" mathirakitala, zida zosiyanasiyana.

Kumwera FD

Waukulu galimoto mphamvu ya luso lopanga mu dera ndi kupanga makina ndi mphamvu ulimi zipangizo. Yaikulu galimoto wopanga ndi TagAz Volgograd thalakitala Bzalani dipo.

• Engineering kampani "Rostselmash" (anthu 10,000 Rostov pa-Don.) - yopanga kuphatikiza okololawo "Don" ndi zipangizo zina zaulimi.
• "Red boilermaker" (4400 Pax, Taganrog.) - Mlengi waukulu zida kukatentha.
• "ATOMMASH" (Volgodonsk) - ndi katundu kutsogolera zida zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi zomera CHP.
• ON "okwatiranawo" (3300 Pax, Volgograd.) - kampani mitundumitundu (zida zankhondo, chida machitidwe zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi mafuta ndi gasi makampani).

Volga District Federal

M'dera pali odziwika makina zomanga zomera ku Russia: AvtoVAZ, GAZ, "Tyazhmash", KAMAZ, UAZ, "Kalashnikov" ndi ena. Osiyanasiyana mankhwala ndi yaikulu: ku mayendedwe a (1/4 la msika zoweta) kwa zida mwapadera makampani mphamvu, ku magalimoto kuti ndege.

• AvtoVAZ (anthu 52.000, Togliatti.) - ndi flagship chiwerengero cha magalimoto umatulutsa.
• "Tyazhmash" (7000 Pax, Syzran.) - zipangizo makampani kwambiri.
• Galimoto mafakitale wa gulu "mpweya": Gorky galimoto Bzalani (ang'ono ndi sing'anga-ntchito magalimoto, magalimoto a asilikali, magalimoto zonyamula), "Pavlovsky Basi" (Paz), Ulyanovsk Engine Chomera ndi ena.
• KAMAZ (Naberezhnye Chelny) - Mlengi atongi wa magalimoto zoweta.
• Izhevsk manja fakitale: "Kalashnikov." (Poyamba "Izhmash", 4500 pers), "IMZ" (7000 pers.).
• The ndege makampani a Bashkortostan: UMPO (anthu 21,000, UVA.) - injini ndege, UPPO (Ufa) - Aviapribor, KumAPP (Kumertau) - kupanga ndi kukonza Helicopters "KA" zino.
• Perm Motors Gulu (anthu 12000) -. Zida ndi ndege injini.
• MZ (anthu 7000, Perm.) - Chida.
• UAZ (Ulyanovsk) - SUVs ndi minivans.
• "Aviastar-SP" (anthu 10,000 Ulyanovsk.) - waukulu ndege nyumba chomera (ndege "Lachiwiri" zitsanzo, "AN", "IL").

Ural FD

Ural Sichangozi wotchedwa mtima wa makampani wa Russia. Kapezekedwe ka madipoziti wolemera mchere ndi malo ofunika njira anakhala prerequisites kwa kukhoma kuno makampani akuluakulu mafakitale, makamaka zokhudzana processing zitsulo ndi makampani chitetezo. Madera amphamvu kwambiri zomangamanga ndi Yekaterinburg ndi Nizhniy Tagil.

• "Uralvagonzavod" (anthu 27,000, Nizhny Tagil.) - mmodzi wa flagships wa makampani zoweta zomangamanga. Amalima osiyanasiyana mankhwala: m'galimoto katundu kwa akasinja. Pa nthambi "Uraltransmash" (Ekaterinburg) kubala kudziletsa injini zida zankhondo machitidwe ndi trams.
• "Uralmash" (anthu 14,000, Ekaterinburg.) - mtsogoleri kupanga kuboola, migodi, zida zitsulo.
• Zeke (Ekaterinburg) - odana ndege machitidwe mzinga, galimoto utumiki.
• Chelyabinsk thalakitala Bzalani (anthu okwana 13,000) -. Mathirakitala, makina kumanga msewu, injini.
• Galimoto Bzalani "Ural" (anthu 13.500, Miass.) - magalimoto.
• "Kurgan" (4800 Pax, Kurgan.) - magalimoto ankhondo (BMP, mathirakitala).
• Zlatoust Machine Nyumba Chomera - rocketry.

Siberia District Federal

Engineering kupanga lolunjika pa makampani chitetezo, ndege ndi zipangizo migodi. Zambiri zothandiza ogwira zinatha kapena pafupi ndi iye. Makampani m'dera akufunikira wamakono ndi kuthandizidwa.

• makampani Azamlengalenga: NAPO. VP Chkalov (anthu 6000, Novosibirsk.) - kupanga ndege ya "youma"; "Polyot" (4500 Pax, Omsk.) - ndege "An" nthambi "GLONASS" dongosolo, roketi ndi danga luso; Ulan-Ude Aviation Chomera - mmodzi wa opanga yaikulu ya ndege: Helicopters "Mi" ndipo ndege "Lamulungu" (anthu 6,000.) Irkutsk Aviation Chomera - ndege "Lamulungu", "Yak", "MS" zigawo zikuluzikulu kwa Airbus; "Information Satellite Systems" (8000 Pax, Zheleznogorsk.) - nthambi zolinga zosiyanasiyana ndi machitidwe kulankhulana.
• "Tyazhstankogidropress" (Novosibirsk) - amapanga kutsogolera makina hayidiroliki, zipangizo za makina, mapampu.
• Radiozavod iwo. A. S. Popova (Omsk) - Radio zomangamanga ndi kulankhulana kachitidwe.
• "Altaivagon" (7000 Pax, Novoaltaysk.) - kumasulidwa kwa magalimoto.
• LVRZ Engineering ogwira (anthu 6000, Ulan-Ude.) - yopanga ndi kukonza sitima ndi sitima.

Far East District Federal

Kuperekedwa ndi mabizinezi munthu chachikulu:

• KnAAZ iwo. Gagarin (anthu 13.500, Komsomolsk pa-Amur.) - ndege atongi wa dziko. Mukhozanso ku usilikali (banja "Lamulungu", "Pak FA") ndiponso anthu wamba (Sukhoi Superjet) ndege, zigawo za "Boeing".
• Mabizinezi a shipbuilding ndi kukonza sitima: Amur doko la zombo zapanyanja (Komsomolsk pa-Amur) - poyamba kutulutsa sitima zankhondo za nyukiliya tsopano asilikali ndi bwalo wamba; "Dalzavod" (Vladivostok); Mwanyanja Factory (Nakhodka), Nakhodka doko la zombo zapanyanja.

Pomaliza

Russian zomangamanga ndi kudutsa nthawi yovuta. Ngakhale lingathe m'malo wamphamvu mafakitale, ochuluka a flagships kupanga yafupika, ambiri moona kupulumuka. makampani akufunikira kusintha, wamakono makina ndi zipangizo, njira zatsopano kasamalidwe. Pakadali pano, ntchito yomanga latsopano malonda mkulu-ntchito, makamaka ang'ono ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe. Ife tiri yachiwiri mphepo zomera kupanga mankhwala asilikali. Onetsani chidwi chachikulu abwenzi akunja, makamaka automakers. Pamene zovuta thandizo la boma ndi oziyimila paokha ogwira ntchito zomangamanga akhoza chopereka kwambiri kwa chuma dziko.