Zosangalatsa za Poland: history, zowoneka ndi ndemanga

Poland - Dziko ndi mbiri olemera ndi cholowa chikhalidwe. mitunda kwabasi ndipo ambiri zipilala mbiri ndi kukopa alendo penyani apa. Zosangalatsa za Poland osatha, koma tidzayesetsa kuunikila ofunika kwambiri ndi zachilendo.

A pang'ono madera

Poland anali allocated malo opondapo: boma mwini mamita lalikulu 312.679. m. Awa ndi malo chinayi mwa mayiko onse European. m'dera lagawidwa m'zigawo 16, zomwe zigwirizana m'maboma (poviats) ndi zigawo (kulankhula). Zosangalatsa za Poland kunayamba kudziwa malo ake. State wa chizolowezi zimagawidwa kum'mawa kwa Ulaya, koma ngati inu mutayang'ana pa mapu titha kuona kuti ali mu mtima wa Europe. Malinga kuwerengetsera anapanga m'zaka za m'ma XVIII mochedwa, likulu lawolawo la Poland ili m'tauni ya Suchowola.

Dziko lili ndi anansi asanu m'dziko: Germany kumadzulo, Czech Republic kum'mwera chakumadzulo, Slovakia kum'mwera, Ukraine mu kum'mwera chakum'mawa Belarus kum'mawa, Lithuania ndi Russia kumpoto-kum'mawa. Kudzera m'dera Baltic nyanja m'mphepete mwa Sweden ndi Denmark. Mu chidwi mfundo izi za Poland ndi boma madera sinafike kumapeto. Pafupi ndi tauni ya Wagrowiec kuwoloka mitsinje awiri pa mlingo woyenerera - ndi Nelba Velna. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti iwo ndi mitengo yosiyanasiyana ya madzi ndi kutentha. Pa nkhani imeneyi, iwo wothira mzake.

mbiri dzikoli

Zosangalatsa za Poland sangaunyalanyaze mbiri yake kwambiri, anapeza kuchokera X atumwi mpaka lero. Inali pa nthawi imeneyi anapanga dziko loyamba: Kraków ndi Poland Gnezenskaya. Pambuyo awa amabwera nthawi yodziwika kucheza - wa Commonwealth. linakhalapo inatenga zaka 200. Akuti dziko sizinali zophweka: aliyense ankasirira m'dera la Europe Central. Poland pafupifupi sanabwere kuchokera kwa boma la nkhondo. Ngakhale zili chomwechi, Zitsulo ayenera kutsatira kuti chitukuko cha dziko: kumanga mayunivesite, nyumba kapangidwe ndi nyumba za mafumu. Zomangamanga naikula mu maso ake, ndipo palibe nkhondo sanasiye izo.

Komabe, pofika cha m'ma XVIII, dziko linali chur wotopa kusiyana zonse ndi anansi. A nthawi kuchepa andale ndi azachuma. Pa nyengo ya zaka mazana XVII-XVIII. Iwo unapha pafupifupi 4 miliyoni. Zitsulo chifukwa miliri ndi nkhondo. Mu 1795, Poland unatha pa mapu a dziko lapansi. m'gawo lake unagawidwa pakati Austria, Prussia ndi Russia. Pakuti nthawi ya Dziko Lonse Yoyamba anadza emigration Unyinji wa Poland, kenako zambiri unkayenera iwo kumenyana okha-okha.

Mu nthawi ya pakati pa Choyamba ndi Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World mu Poland mwayi kubwezeretsa boma, koma pamaso pa iye akanakhoza kwenikweni onani, dziko anagonjetsedwa ndi Anazi Germany. Mu nthawi yake zambiri akamwalira 6 Mill. Zitsulo. Mu Poland izo ntchito kwa pafupifupi 70% ya zozunzirako a Nazi. Pambuyo chigonjetso kumasulidwa kwa dera la States analengeza "kumanga" a anthu zokomera, kodi akuluakulu kutengapo mbali wa USSR. Iwo sankasangalala Zitsulo zambiri. Pambuyo kunyanyala kwa ogwira ntchito ndi mabungwe ogwira ncthito mu 1989, sosholisimu linathetsedwa. Ankalalikira III Rzeczpospolita.

Statehood ndi mitundu zikuchokera

Dziko - ndi anthu okhala izo Choyamba. The zosangalatsa za Poland m'gulu zizindikiro monga rekodi-mtundu wake. Mwina dziko yekha amene anakwanitsa Kusunga malire ace ndi 98% wa Zitsulo yosiyanasiyana. Mwa ochepa akupondereza Germany, Ukrainians ndi Belarusians.

Panopa, Poland ali dongosolo Republican ndi wa demokalase aphungu ndi yamalamulo bicameral. Dziko - EU ndi NATO membala, komanso mbali ya malo Schengen. Ngakhale mavuto yakale, boma anatha kumenyera ufulu ndi kukhazikika. Choyimira cha dziko - mphungu woyera pa maziko wofiira. analenga wafunsira nthano kuti kuwerenga pamaziko a likulu loyambirira la Poland - Gniezno. Pa nthawi imeneyi, inetu zouluka otchuka woyera mphungu pansi cheza chibakuwacho dzuwa. N'kumene likulu loyambirira la dziko anakhazikitsidwa.

Nature nyengo

Zosangalatsa za Poland sangakhale, ngati chifukwa m'dzikoli chikhalidwe wapadera ndi nyengo. Nawa 6 maulendo chaka: kuwonjezera yotentha ndi yozizira, masika ndi autumn ndi yozizira kusiyanitsa madzulo a madzulo a kasupe. Pa kalendala, ali aang'ono ofanana. Mwachitsanzo, m'chilimwe imayamba mu May ndipo kumatenga mpaka September. An nkhani chidwi mpweya zosayembekezereka: mvula zofiirira ndi chisanu lalanje. choonadi kuti mocheperapo zimachitika - palibe koposa kamodzi atumwi. Kutentha pafupifupi ndi madigiri 20 Celsius m'chilimwe ndi yozizira -7.

Pafupifupi 50% ya dziko ndi ulimi, imene aipatsa kukoma wapadera. Palibe nyama pokhala. Poland monyadira chilengedwe monga wina. paki ndi kunyumba kwambiri zomanga thupi, hedgehogs. Pa gawo la dziko moyo storks woyera (za 23% ya chonse cha anthu). Pali 22 Nature Reserve, Pakati wotchuka Bialowieza Forest, lomwe linalembedwa pa World Heritage List. Malinga ndi asayansi, nkhalango ya mtundu umenewu unakula ku Ulaya. Panopa ndi yekhayo kupulumuka chidina nkhalango losanganikirana.

Maphunziro ndi Science

Zitsulo chimodzi cha mitundu ophunzira kwambiri. 90% ya anthu akhoza kudzitama za dipuloma sekondale ndi diploma ya apamwamba. Malinga zolozerazi, dziko ali ndi udindo waukulu pakati pa maiko onse EU. Tiyeni tione mfundo zosangalatsa kwambiri za Poland m'munda wa sayansi ndi maphunziro:

• Yunivesite woyamba anakhazikitsidwa mu 1364, tsopano pali 100 mabungwe amenewa;
• nzika za boma anakhala eni 17 Nobel mphoto;
• Pole Mariya Kyuri anakhala woyamba awiri Nobel;
• Polonium dzina lake polemekeza Poland;
• Wolemba F. F. Shopen anali Polish ndipo anabadwira pafupi Warsaw.

Tikumbukenso kuti kutulukira asayansi Polish zambiri pasadakhale akuvutika. Mwachitsanzo, njira kukula timibulu lalikulu semiconductors ndi zitsulo ntchito kokha kuyamba pambuyo pa zaka 30 kuchokera tsiku kutsegula.

Polish zakudya

Aliyense dziko kukhoza chionekera zokonda zake kukoma. Mwachitsanzo, hering'i - amakonda odyera mbale Zitsulo. Mungachite kuti kukonzekera mtundu chabe kwambiri. Ambiri, Polish zakudya lili pafupi kwambiri ku Russian, koma iye sanali mafuta. Mu odyera iliyonse mukhoza kukumana ndi "mfundo" ya mapayi Chirasha, Chiyukireniya borsch ndi nsomba Greek. mapayi Russian amatchedwa dumplings ndi mbatata kapena kanyumba tchizi, amene pambuyo kuphika pang'ono yokazinga.

Mmodzi wa mbale fuko ndi bigos. Ndi sauerkraut ndi kusuta ndi nyama nyama. Maphikidwe kukonzekera ake monga mmene hering'i. Choyamba maphunziro Zitsulo kulipira malo apadera. Palibe chikondwerero chokwanira popanda msuzi. Ambiri bowa msuzi kapena beetroot. Yotsirizira nthawi monga kumwa ndiponso sankadya. Chakudya cha mbale choyamba sanatumikirepo.

Kufalitsa mankhwala mu chakudya Polish ndi nkhuku ndi nkhumba. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pa maalumali pafupifupi kupeza wowawasa mkaka, condensed mkaka, dumplings kapena nyenyeswa. Monga ndiwo zochuluka mchere anaphika mapayi, makeke, donuts ndi masikono. Alipidwa Russian mikate moyo sapezeka.

Zosangalatsa za Poland ana

Young wa malo, kumene, chidwi kuphunzira za lililonse dziko zinthu zodabwitsa zotheka. Kodi kuuza mwana wanu zokhudza dziko lino osadziwika kwa iye?

Tiuzeni za izo mu Poland:

• Chimakula quirky Crooked Forest ndi mitengo yokhota kumapeto, amatikumbutsa zomera zamatsenga;
• malo ili m'chipululu dera 33 sq. Km;
• kulankhula pa imodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri ndi wofala chinenero - Polish;
• Pali msewu wotchedwa pambuyo Winnie ndi Pooh;
• kudya pitsa ndi ketchup;
• Ndi mmodzi wa kumalo osungira yaikulu ndi m'chere zokhala m'malo owetera;
• Zinabala 70% ya mankhwala a Amber;
• Panyengo ya Khirisimasi ndi chaka chatsopano akufuna wa ana Saint Nicholas, Gvyazdor kapena Mngelo;
• kwambiri kukumbukira tsiku dzina limaposa tsiku lobadwa;
• ana ambiri komanso akuluakulu kudziwa nyimbo "Tiyeni Pali Nthawi Zonse dzuwa" ndi wokondwa kuchita izo.

Poland: zosangalatsa za m'dziko akuluakulu

dziko lino European ndi wapadera. Pa m'gawo lake pali manda okongola kwambiri a zomangamanga ndi chirengedwe, ndi chikhalidwe ofala akhoza kudabwa m'njira zambiri. mbali zina ziti ana amakumana ndi dziko lino? Taganizirani 10 zosangalatsa za Poland:

1. Football - wotchuka kwambiri ndipo ankakonda masewera a dziko.
2. Poyerekeza ndi azungu, Zitsulo kulenga banja oyambirira zokwanira. Avereji ya angolowa kumene m'banja - zaka 24.
3. Iwo imaletsa kucotsa mimba, kotero Zitsulo nthawi zambiri banja ambiri.
4. 98% ya Zitsulo - Akatolika, achipembedzo kwambiri. Ana aukitsidwa malinga ndi zikhulupiriro za chipembedzo.
5. maofesi onse yotseka pa Khirisimasi. Anthu ati mabanja nyumba ndi kusangalala. Palibe bwana alibe ufulu kukakamiza Kumvetsela ku ntchito tsiku limenelo.
6. Mwa wamba kudya chakudya kebab. kapangidwe kake ndi ofanana shawarma, koma osati anaikidwa kudya mkate ndi theka mkate.
7. Zitsulo mulibe mavuto onenepa. Komanso atsikana nthawi ovala.
8. Apa analemekeza ulemu ndi ulemu. Dame olandiridwa chipsompsono manja. Ndi alendo akulankhula 'inu, kuwonjezera pa kutchulidwa kwa amuna mawu "poto", ndi kwa mkazi - "pani".
9. Pano mukhoza kupeza ma zipilala za anthu amene Nazism ndi mphamvu Soviet. Zitsulo kuganizira mitundu ina sakondedwa, German ndipo Russian, koma kwenikweni satchula mokwiya.
10. nyumba siliyikika kubala Lilac. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha imfa.

Poland - Dziko ndi kale lomwe ndithudi ofunika kuona moyo. Gawo wolemera mu manda wamkulu mapulani ndi chikhalidwe zosayembekezereka ndi kukongola kwake. Komanso, anthu ambiri zamakolo akukumbukirabe Chirasha, mafashoni chimene, mwa njira, kumaonjezera kachiwiri. Pofunafuna chinthu chodabwitsa ndipo maonekedwe okongola kwa Poland. dziko Ichi sasiya aliyense osayanjanitsika.