Zosapatsa - mbiri ndi kunyada kwa bulu Chinese

Osati aliyense akhoza kumva mawu "chosamanga". Koma amene adamva kwa nthawi yoyamba, mwina ndikudabwa chomwe chimatanthauza. anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti zosapatsa thanzi ndi - miyambo Chinese chombo, amene ali chiwerengero kusiyana kwambiri kwa anthu a makampani European shipbuilding. Ndipo kusiyana ndi noticeable koyamba, ndipo liwunikidwenso chombo imeneyi.

chosiyana maonekedwe

Chachikulu kusiyana pakati zosapatsa kwa ngalawa zina ndi chakudya chotengera ichi si zambiri komanso kwambiri okwera. Pa nthawi yomweyo mphuno ndi mawonekedwe zayamba amakona anayi, ndi wochepa kwambiri. Kaya kopita zachikhalidwe chombo Chinese anali lathyathyathya pansi. Zonsezi analenga zachilendo kwambiri maonekedwe junks kuti bwino amathandizana matanga choyambirira ndi zojambula miyambo mbali ndi kumbuyo. Monga ulamuliro, pali zinasonyeza mapiri ndi mitambo, komanso njoka ndi zina zolengedwa lanthano.

Chifukwa ambiri ngati makhalidwe a zosapatsa - mwina sitima kwambiri anaonekela dziko ndipo nthawi yomweyo wapadera, ndi zombo za makolo European ntchito m'mayiko ambiri, iwo ali aang'ono kwambiri wamba. Komabe, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya sitimayo ichi - malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena, oposa 300.

nkhani

Dzina limeneli ndi amatikumbutsa dzina miyambo American lachokera ku Chimaleya mawu djong, umene ndi chivundi cha mawu yuzhnominskogo chilankhulo, kutanthauza "chotengera". M'mawu ena, chosamanga - chombo uyu kuposa zoona, izo ziri.

An nthano yakale amanena kuti sitima yoyamba ya mtundu umenewu unakhazikitsidwa kumwamba Chinese mfumu Fu Hsi. Iye ankakhala mu akutali 29 m'ma BC ndipo linkatchedwa zoona kuti anthu a dziko anapereka nzeru zachinsinsi, amathandiza kuti chitukuko cha chitukuko. N'zosadabwitsa kuti anthu Chinese zosapatsa akulemekezedwa ya Far East ndi South-East Asia, ngati mtundu wina wa zamoyo, kukhala ndi khalidwe la umunthu ndi chithumwa. Komabe, olemba mbiri ena amakonda kukhulupirira kuti junks choyamba anaonekera za 1000 zaka yathu ino.

Ngakhale kuti China ndi zosakwana mayiko ena ambiri akhala ndi chidwi kuphunzira m'ngondya nyanja, woyamba m'madzi chotengera anawonekera kuno. Ndipo anali opanda pake. kukhazikika wake analoledwa akamagwiritsa mu madzi lotseguka zamitundu yonse, koma liwiro nthawi yomweyo anakhalabe mwachilungamo yaing'ono.

matanga zachilendo

Munthu mbali yochititsa chidwi ndi junks ake ndi mlandu zachilendo, ndipo munthu woyamba anafotokoza matanga a. Masts zimenezo ngalawa zambiri kuchokera atatu kapena asanu. Iwo zili nsungwi mizati yopingasa, ndiwo ogwirizira a matanga zachilendo. A view ambiri a iwo akufanana fani - onse kunja ndi yopindika dongosolo.

Poyamba, matanga zinali za bango mphasa, amene adapanga iwo lolemera kwambiri, kotero zosapatsa panthawiyo osati kusinthidwa kwa kudya kusambira. Koma kufunika kwa izo sizinali. Koma mphamvu ya chuma walola kupalasa kupirira gusts ngakhale mphepo yolimba kwambiri. machila Kenako m'malo ndi minofu kuti kuchuluka mofulumira ndi maneuverability.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIII, China anapita wamalonda Venetian ndi wapaulendo Marco Polo. Iye anapanga nkhani ya sitimayo Asian choyambirira ndipo anadabwa kuona chabe kuti ena junks kuwonjezera pa alipo masts zinayi akhoza wokwera yopuma, mukhoza atumiza ndi matanga ochepa.

junks asilikali

zosapatsa kwa Chinese ndi chiyani? Nthawi zambiri ngalawa yonyamula katundu kapena zoyendera. Zambiri kawirikawiri ankaperekerako zolinga asilikali. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale mfundo zosangalatsa: mu 16-17 zaka TH, ndi Chinese anabwera ku gombe la Chipwitikizi, Dutch, ndi Chijapani achifwamba. M'malo kusonkhanitsa asilikali ndi kuwafafaniza, ndi Chinese anatembenukira kwa Mfundo wakale, kupereka malangizo pa nkhaniyi. Osati kupeza yankho la funso lanu, anthu a China asankha kusiya zinthu monga ali.

Komabe, kodi zoipa, koma chombo ndi abwino kwa nkhondo? Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ngalawayo limakupatsani pofuna 5 mpaka July 12 pounders ndi linga lolimba wapadera kuti kutetezedwa zipolopolo ndi mivi. Pankhaniyi, oyendetsa kukula anali anthu 200 ndi kusamutsidwa - matani 200.

junks Japanese

Junks, olengedwa mwa Japan, osiyana penapake ku Chinese, kuphatikizapo kunja. Mu malo oyamba kuoneka kupindika mbali ndi kumudzutsa pamwamba pa madzi chakudya, anapachika pa gudumu.

Mosiyana ndi Chinese, ndi Japanese zosapatsa - sitima ndi chimodzi chokha chapakati Posakhalitsa, umene ndi yopapatiza amakona anayi anayi. Wina waung'ono lapendekeka mlongoti ili pa uta la chombo, ndipo mwina akhoza kutsukidwa ngati n'koyenera. Mbali ina ya junks Japanese ndi matabwa - matabwa kuti kupanga maziko a sitimayo - anali kunja chotengera, chotero kuwonjezera malo zisanawonongeke pansi katundu.

modernity

Ngakhale kuti zosapatsa kupangidwa zaka zoposa 3 zikwi zapitazo, komabe zogwirizana. chifukwa chachikulu - kamangidwe angwiro, amene amapereka bata, mphamvu ndi maneuverability m'madzi osaya. Kwa zaka zambiri luso wakale pafupifupi zikutsatiridwa, ngakhale tsopano akadali yemweyo akale zosapatsa thanzi. Photo limasonyeza bwino pang'ono kusiyana kumene kuli pakati pa chombo chakale ndi zamakono.

Panopa, ena a m'madera osauka a China amakakamizidwa moyo pa junks, ndilo mtengo kwambiri kuposa akugula nyumba. chotengera amapereka asodzi ndi chakudya ndi kupereka magazi, choncho si malo otchuka kukhala. Eni nyumba-junks amakonda kusamukira ku mitsinje pafupi m'mizinda ikuluikulu. Anthu m'midzi awa akuyandama akhoza kukhala anthu 80 sauzande, monga Mwachitsanzo, mu mzinda wa Canton. Ku Hong Kong, Chinese m'dziko junks, nayenso, ndithu zambiri - 12 zikwi. Komanso, panopa junks ntchito kukopa alendo.