Zovala za manja a ku Ulaya - mwambo posachedwapa Zapakati

Heraldry mu mawonekedwe mu umene kuzindikiridwa ano, zinachokera ku Europe. Malaya loyamba la manja anali pafupi zaka XI-XII monga chizindikiro oimira la anthu apamwamba a asilikali. Ndi zovuta kuchuluka kwa ubale chikhalidwe ndi chitukuko cha olemba feudalism mwambo Choncho udindo wawo wayamba sizachilendo. zizindikiro anali mamembala onse apamwamba, kuphatikizapo akazi, ansembe, amalonda lalikulu ndipo ngakhale ena wamba wolemera.

M'zaka za m'ma XIV zizindikiro heraldic kuonekera mu masitolo, midzi ndi dera. Pambuyo pa zaka lina, mu mochedwa Ages Middle, pali manja woyamba wa mtundu boma. Ndi kovuta kudziwa tsiku lenileni la zosayembekezereka wa chizindikiro boma, chifukwa maganizo awo nthawi zonse zinasintha. mikono amakono a ku Ulaya zochokera generic zithunzi mafumu ndi kusonyeza mbiri yawo ndi zinthu za chikhalidwe.

Maonekedwe ndi mbali zishango heraldic

The mbali yaikulu ya aliyense wa chizindikiro ndi chikwangwani - stylized dongosolo, wodziwika padziko kutsogolo kwa khalidwe. Official heraldry chimasiyanitsa mtundu zotsatirazi:

• French - quadrangular, ndi wapadera m'ma pansi.
• Varangian - triangular ndi mbali mokoma yokhota kumapeto.
• Spanish - ofanana ndi French, koma ndi underside anamaliza.
• Chitaliyana - chowulungika.
• German - triangular ndi odulidwa m'mbali.

Pali zishango atypical chonse, lalikulu kapena oblique akalumikidzidwa, ndi chibadidwe, monga kulamulira, dziko kuphatikiza kapena mzinda-limati.

Mwachidule Albums heraldic zikusonyeza kuti ambiri mwa manja a ku Ulaya zochokera matabwa a mtundu French. mchitidwe uwu azisinthidwanso nthawi ndi nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, chizindikiro cha Great Britain m'zaka za m'ma XIX ili bolodi Italy, koma m'nthawi yotsatira ankadutsa Varangian.

mitundu heraldic

Kujambula kuphimba malaya, anatchula tinctures ndi malinga utsike Middle Ages mwambo anawagawa m'magulu 2:

1. zitsulo - golide ndi siliva. mafanizo zimagwirizana iwo chikasu ndi zoyera mitundu.

2. enamel kapena enamel - chofiira (mdima wofiira), wofiirira (violet, magenta), wakuda (wakuda), zobiriwira (obiriwira) ndi mtundu buluu (buluu).

Zogwiritsira chochepa kwambiri cha mitundu analungamitsidwa pa nthawi ya chiyambi cha mwambo heraldic. Mu XII-XIII zaka mitundu kutchulidwa analibe "otsika Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira", iwo sangakhoze anachokera ku zipangizo achilengedwe.

Komanso, mikono ya ku Ulaya zingaphatikizepo otchedwa ubweya kapena nthenga - osakaniza wapadera wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kufanizira chizindikiro wapatali mphamvu. Kumayambiriro Ages Middle panali mwambo kuti upholster mapanelo ubweya, kenako mafumu anavala malaya akunja ndi mikanjo, alimbane ndi Ermine wapatali kapena mapuloteni. Tincture "nthenga" mwa zizindikiro boma naye, chifukwa iwo afalitsa kokha mwa anthu otchuka a mafuko ndi Germany msinkhu dziko ndi kutulukira.

Mu heraldry palibe malire mu chiwerengero ndi mitundu mitundu. Only polenga chizindikiro Chipindacho ngoletsedwa enamel kapena enamel pa chitsulo zitsulo, ngakhale akhale pafupi wina ndi mnzake. Si monga mwa lamulo limeneli, chovala manja sizidzakhala.

heraldic

The sayansi malaya a manja ndi chithunzi cha chikopa ukugawa zinthu m'magulu angapo:

1. Heraldic - akalumikidzidwa zojambula, nagawira gulu m'magulu angapo. Total kudziwika 10 ofunikira:

• Top.
• Post.
• Lamba.
• Malekezero.
• Lamba wa pamimba.
• Mtanda.
• Cross.
• Mphonje.
• Chishango.
• Freestyle gawo.

Heraldry amadziwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya akalumikidzidwa zofunika. Yekha mitanda 200 mitundu kudziwika -. Papa, Latin, Burgundy, Chimatisi, etc. Ku Ulaya, chizindikiro Tingaone pa mikono ya Hungary, Greece, Switzerland, Iceland, Slovakia ndi Serbia.

Komanso, pali zinthu wamng'ono, osowa boma odula manja. Ena mwa iwo ndi triangular (mphero, Anatsogolera) quadrangular (lalikulu, matailosi, diamondi), kuzungulira (mpira, theka-mozungulira, Arc) ndi contingencies (ndime kolala).

2. Negeraldicheskie - wathunthu kapena tsankho zithunzi za kanjedza weniweni (chikhalidwe kapena zopangidwa) kapena zolengedwa zongopeka. Chiwerengero chawo chachikulu, ndi kusonkhanitsa nthawi zonse anawonjezera zinthu zatsopano. Pa manja a ku Ulaya zambiri amaimira nyama zachilengedwe, ndicho mikango ndi mphungu. Komabe, pamaso pa iwo zimasiyanasiyana mu zophiphiritsa lililonse boma. Mwachitsanzo, Lions mukhoza kuima kapena pogona, ndi korona kapena akugwira lupanga mu mphamvu yake. Chakale nyama mtundu ndi manyenje ndi mchira ndi burashi, Tingaone pa mikono ya United Kingdom, Bulgaria, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, Netherlands, Latvia, Finland, Sweden ndi Estonia. Koma ena Kusiyana kwa Norway khalidwe ankafotokozedwa nyalugwe osati "mfumu ya zilombo".

N'chimodzimodzinso ndi mphungu. Iwo akhoza kukhala ndi kukula osiyana ndi mawonekedwe a mapiko, mchira ndi nthenga, mulomo kugwira lotseguka kapena lotseka. Pa mikono ya Russia, Albania, Serbia ndi Montenegro heraldic mbalame ndi mitu 2, anatembenuka mu madera osiyana. Ichi ndi chifukwa cholowa chawo wamba mbiri ndi ubale wamphamvu kwa zaka zambirimbiri. Pa otsala (Austria, Germany, Poland, Moldova, Romania, Czech Republic) ndi mtsogoleri mmodzi ndi mphungu zambiri korona.

Dziwani kuti pali malaya a manja a ku Ulaya, kaphatikizidwe otchulidwa kawirikawiri. Makamaka, choyimira cha Ireland - golide Acelt zeze pa maziko buluu - sanapezeke mu dziko lina lililonse padziko lapansi. Chovala manja Bosnia ndi Herzegovina kawirikawiri kusokonezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha European Union chifukwa cha nyenyezi mtundu wofanana ndi zisanu ananena woyera.

zizindikiro Heraldic a mayiko, mizinda ndi m'madera - ndi mbali yofunika ya chikhalidwe ndi mzimu wa Europe. Masiku ano, iwo limodzi ndi bwino anasunga zipilala kamangidwe, amatikumbutsa nzika EU ndi alendo kuli "Europe akale".