12V mphamvu okwanira ndi manja awo. Amamwa PSU: chiwembu

Zokolola wagawo 12V mphamvu okwanira ndi manja awo si yovuta, koma ichi muyenera kuphunzira zina chiphunzitso. Makamaka, aliyense wa mfundo kumaphatikizapo chipika aliyense mchitidwe womwe ndi mankhwala, magawo zoyambirira za aliyense. M'pofunikanso kudziŵa zimene mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito tiransifoma. Ngati palibe abwino, mukhoza rewind yachiwiri akutsirizika yekha kukwaniritsa kufunika linanena bungwe voteji. Imathandiza kuti aphunzire za njira etching kusindikizidwa matabwa dera, komanso za kutulutsidwa kwa magetsi nyumba.

The zigawo zikuluzikulu magetsi

The mbali yaikulu ya magetsi aliyense - ndi sitepe-pansi thiransifoma. Mothandizidwa ndi mzimuwo zimachitika mains voteji kuchepa (220 V) 12 V. nyumba The zafotokozedwa pansipa angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kudzikonda zopangidwa ndi rewound sekondale thiransifoma kumulowetsa ndi katundu anamaliza popanda kukulitsa. Ndikofunikira kuganizira mbali zonse ndi kuchita mawerengedwe olondola a gawo waya ndi chiwerengero cha motsatana.

Amafotokozera kofunika kwambiri - ndi rectifier. Zikhale za wina, awiri kapena anayi diodes michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi. Izo zimatengera mtundu chiwembu, imene magetsi ali pafupi panokha. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa kukhazikitsa anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri voteji n'kofunika kugwiritsa ntchito awiri michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi. Ataweramuka popanda kuwonjezera amodzi okha, koma ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito dera mlatho (onse ankawachotsera ripple panopa). Pambuyo rectifier kwenikweni pamaso electrolytic capacitor. Adakhumba kolowera wa zener diode ndi magawo abwino, chimathandiza kuti khola linanena bungwe voteji.

ndi thiransifoma Kodi

Transformers, rectifiers ntchito ndi zigawo izi:

1. Phata (maginito pakati zopangidwa ndi chitsulo ferromagnetic).
2. Obmotu maukonde (chachikulu). Zoyendetsedwa ndi volts 220.
3. A yachiwiri akutsirizika (downshift). Izo ntchito kugwirizanitsa rectifier.

Tsopano zinthu zonse mwatsatanetsatane. Pachimake Iwo akhoza mawonekedwe aliyense, koma Ambiri W-mphako ndi U-zooneka. Wofala toroidal, koma ali kulunjika osiyana, kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito inverters (inverters voteji, mwachitsanzo, volts 12 ndi 220) kuposa zipangizo ochiritsira kuthetsa. 2A magetsi wagawo 12b zopindulitsa kuchita ndi ntchito thiransifoma kukhala W woboola pakati kapena U-zooneka pachimake.

The windings akhoza anakonza onse pa wina ndi mnzake (chachikulu choyamba, sekondale ndipo pambuyo) kwa chimango chimodzi, ndi coils awiri. Mwachitsanzo, ndi thiransifoma ndi pakati U-zooneka limene pali coils awiri. Pa aliyense wa iwo anapanga kumulowetsa windings theka pulayimale ndi sekondale. Polumikiza malo a thiransifoma chikugwirizana mu mndandanda chofunika.

Kodi kupanga thiransifoma mawerengedwe

Tinene inu anaganiza mphepo yachiwiri akutsirizika wa thiransifoma nokha. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kudziwa kufunika magawo chachikulu - voteji, amene akhoza kuchotsedwa ndi kukhota limodzi. Iyi ndi njira yosavuta kuti mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi kupanga thiransifoma lapansi. Ovuta kwambiri kuwerengera magawo onse, ngati bala amafuna osati sekondale, komanso chachikulu kumulowetsa. M'pofunika kudziwa kuti maginito gawo ndi permeability katundu. Ngati tawerenga chipika 12V 5a mphamvu kotunga yokha, iyi ndi njira kupeza olondola kwambiri kuposa wokonzeka kuti azolowere magawo.

Pulayimale kumulowetsa chokulungira kwambiri kuposa sekondale, kuyambira zingakhale pang'ono ankasinthana zikwi za waya woonda. N'zotheka wosalira vuto ndi kupanga amamwa mphamvu kotunga mwa makina wapadera.

Kuwerengetsa mbali yachiwiri, m'pofunika mphepo ankasinthana 10 waya, amene akonza ntchito. Sungani thiransifoma ndi kutsatira tipewe ngozi, kulumikiza zofunika kumulowetsa kwa maukonde. Yendetsani chala anayeza voteji pa sekondale kumulowetsa wa mfundo analandira mtengo kugawaniza ndi nambala 12, 10. Tsopano kugawa mtengo analandira. Ndipo inu chiwerengero cha ankasinthana chofunika kupanga 12 volts. Inu mukhoza kuwonjezera pang'ono kukwaniritsa dontho voteji (kuonjezera mwakuti 10%).

Diodes kwa Mphamvu Wonjezerani

Kusankha michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi diodes ntchito yobweretsa rectifier mphamvu zimadalira omwe mtengo n'kofunika kupeza magawo a thiransifoma lapansi. Kwakukulu mphamvu ya pano mu koyilo sekondale, ndi diodes wamphamvu kwambiri ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zokonda zapatsidwa kwa ziwalo amene amapangidwa pa maziko a pakachitsulo. Koma musamwe mkulu, monga iwo sizili ntchito kuthetsa zipangizo. cholinga chawo chachikulu - mkulu-pafupipafupi chizindikiro kudziwika mu kulandira wailesi ndi zipangizo kupatsira.

Yankho abwino otsika mphamvu magetsi - ndi ntchito magulu diode, mphamvu 12V 5a mphamvu iwo akhoza adzaikidwa mu phukusi laling'ono kwambiri. Diode magulu - akonzedwa a diodes anayi michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi. zimagwirira ntchito yekha kwa rectification wa alternating panopa. Kugwira nawo zambiri yabwino, safuna kuchita zambiri polumikizana, ndi okwanira ntchito awiri linanena bungwe voteji ku thiransifoma yachiwiri akutsirizika ndi pochotsa zonse.

lamulo voteji

Pambuyo zotsimikizira ndi thiransifoma chofunika kuchita muyeso wa voteji pa malo a sekondale ake kumulowetsa. Ngati kuposa 12 volts, m'pofunika kuchita olimba. Ngakhale losavuta wagawo 12V magetsi silingayende popanda izo. Tikumbukenso kuti phindu la kusowa voteji ndi osakhazikika. Polumikiza ndi voltmeter khoma kubwereketsa ndi kuchita miyezo pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, madzulo, akhoza kulumpha mmwamba 240 volts, ndipo akutsikira madzulo mpaka 180. Izi zidalira pa katundu pa mzere mphamvu.

Ngati muli chachikulu kumulowetsa wa thiransifoma voteji lisinthike, zidzakhala wosakhazikika ndi sekondale. Kukwaniritsa izi, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo otchedwa voteji stabilizers. Pankhaniyi n'zotheka ntchito zener diodes ndi magawo abwino mtengo (panopa ndi voteji). Zener akonzedwa, kunyamula zinthu zofunika patsogolo kuchita 12V mphamvu okwanira.

Palinso zambiri "zotsogola" zinthu (KR142EN12 mtundu), zomwe ndi m'ndandanda wa diodes angapo Zener, ndi zinthu chabe. makhalidwe awo ali bwino. Komanso, pali Akhristu yachilendo zipangizo zimenezi. Muyenera kukhala bwino zinthu izi iwo kuchita 12V mphamvu kotunga mwasankha nokha.

Features katundu pulsed mphamvu

amapereka mphamvu ya mtundu uwu ankagwiritsa ntchito makompyuta. Ali voltages linanena bungwe awiri: 12 V - chifukwa abulusa chakudya amayendetsa 5 volts - kwa ntchito microprocessors ndi zipangizo zina. Mosiyana ndi katundu yosavuta mphamvu ndi kuti linanena bungwe mbendera si nthawi zonse, koma zimachitika - zooneka ngati rectangle a. Nthawi yoyamba ya nthawi mbendera amapezeka mu chachiwiri ndi ziro.

Palinso kusiyana dera chipangizo. Ntchito yachibadwa ya kusintha magetsi amamwa amafuna rectification wa mains voteji popanda kutsitsa mtengo wake (athandizira thiransifoma olumikizidwa ku makina). Gwiritsani kusintha amapereka mphamvu angakhale zipangizo monga palokha ndipo anzawo akweza - mabatire. Motero, munthu akhoza kupeza bespereboynik yosavuta, ndipo mphamvu yake kudzadalira magawo a unit mphamvu ndi mtundu wa mabatire ntchito.

Momwe mosadodometsedwa mphamvu okwanira?

The magetsi akukwana kulumikiza batire mu analemba kuti magetsi ndi anangotsika zipangizo zonse kupitiriza ntchito bwinobwino. Pamene zogwiritsidwa magetsi maukonde amachita nawuza a batire, mfundo ndi ofanana ndi machitidwe a kusowa galimoto mphamvu. Ndipo pamene mosadodometsedwa magetsi wagawo 12b ndi sakukhudzidwa ndi mwa kundipatsako maukonde voteji amapezeka zida zonse kwa batire la.

Koma pali nthawi zina pamene mukufuna linanena bungwe la mains voteji wa volts 220 Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa makompyuta mphamvu. Pankhaniyi amafuna oyamba a dera ndi inverter - chipangizo kuti Amasandutsa DC voteji wa volts 12 AC 220. dera imavuta kwambiri kuposa chakudya yosavuta mphamvu, koma mukhoza kusonkhanitsa.

Imathandiza ndi zodula ndi alternating chigawo chimodzi

Malo ofunika kulamulidwa ndi Zosefera ukadaulo rectifier. Tiyang'ane chipika 12V magetsi dera lomwe ndi ambiri. Amakhala ndi diode mlatho, capacitor kukana. Zosefera anadula harmonics onse zosafunika, kusiya magetsi linanena bungwe DC voteji. Mwachitsanzo, sefa losavuta - ndi electrolytic capacitor ndi mphamvu zazikulu. Ngati inu muyang'ana pa ntchito yake DC ndi AC voteji, zimaonekeratu kuti ntchito mfundo zake.

Pankhani zakale ali ndi kukana ena mu dera lofanana mwina m'malo resistor lokhazikika. Chochititsa chidwi kwa kuthetsa wa Kirchhoff Lingaliro Lovomerezeka.

Ngati chachiwiri (pamene alternating utuluke panopa) capacitor amakhala wochititsa. M'mawu ena, n'zotheka m'malo mlatho amene alibe kukana. Izo kulumikiza zotuluka onse. Mu phunziro mwatsatanetsatane tikuona kuti mbali variable adzasiya, chifukwa zotuluka amakhala otseka utuluke pamene panopa. Kudzakhala chabe voteji zonse. Komanso, kwa kumaliseche mofulumira capacitors anasonkhana wagawo 12b ndi manja awo mphamvu muyenera pa kuchoka kuti azitha resistor ndi kukana mkulu (3-5 MW).

kupanga nyumba

Kupanga za magetsi nyumba yabwino kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino zotayidwa ndi mbale. Choyamba, muyenera kupanga mtundu wa dongosolo mafupa, amene kenako akhoza atavala ndi mapepala mawonekedwe zotayidwa abwino. angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati plating zitsulo n'kakang'ono kuchepetsa kunenepa, magetsi. Ndisonyezeni wagawo 12b ndi manja awo mphamvu ya zinthuzi pogwiritsa mosavuta.

Koyenerera uvuni mayikirowevu. Choyamba, chitsulo ndi mokwanira woonda ndi kuwala. Kachiwiri, ngati inu kuchita zonse bwinobwino, utoto sangawonongeke, kotero maonekedwe adzakhala wokongola. Chachitatu, kukula kwa kokha mayikirowevu uvuni ndi lalikulu, lomwe amatilola thupi chilichonse.

Kupanga mabuku dera bolodi

Konzani zojambulazo PCB kwa ndondomeko iyi zitsulo wosanjikiza ndi yankho la acid amathiridwa. Ngati palibe, n'zotheka ntchito electrolyte anatsanulira mu batire la galimoto ndi. njirayi adzakhala degrease pamwamba. Ntchito magolovesi kuti musayandikire khungu, chifukwa inu mukhoza kutenga zilonda zamoto. Kenako, kusamba madzi ndi Kuwonjezera koloko (sopo angathe kuti n'chongoletsa chidulo). Ndipo inu mukhoza kupanga zojambula za PCB lapansi.

Pangani chithunzi mmene mungathere mothandizidwa ndi wapadera kompyuta dongosolo, kapena pamanja. Ngati inu kutulutsa zonse otaya 12V 2A mphamvu okwanira, osati zimachitika, chiwerengero cha zinthu ndi kochepa. Ndiye chitsanzo gawo lapansi angathe zidzaperekedwa ndi mapulogalamu mawerengeredwe, lifunika ntchito pamwamba pa zojambulazo ndi ndi chikhomo okhazikika. Iwo m'pofunika kuti zigawo ziwiri kapena zitatu, kupereka youma m'mbuyomu. Zotsatira ingakuthandizeni varnish ntchito (mwachitsanzo, msomali osalala). N'zoona chithunzi mwina kutuluka m'goli chifukwa burashi lapansi.

Monga amalipiritsa etch

Konzekerani ndi gulu zouma m'malo ferric njira mankhwala enaake. Kulemera ayenera kukhala ngati kuti mkuwa mwamsanga akuda zotheka. Ngati njira ndi mwapang'ono, Ndi bwino kuwonjezera ndende ya mankhwala enaake ferric mu madzi. Ngati izi sizikuthandiza, ndiye amayesa kutenthetsa yankho. Kwa mtundu uwu thanki madzi, anapereka m'menemo (musayiwale kuti ndi zofunika kusunga mu pulasitiki kapena chidebe galasi) mtsuko ndi njira kutentha ndi simmer. madzi otentha adzakhala kutenthetsa ferric kolorayidi njira.

Ngati mulibe nthawi zambiri kapena mankhwala enaake ferric, ntchito osakaniza a mchere ndi sulphate mkuwa. Komitiyi zakonzedwa mu Mofananamo, kenako aikidwa mu njira. The sangathe njira - bolodi magetsi unazokotedwa pang'onopang'ono, Pakufunika pafupifupi tsiku kumaliza mofulumira zamkuwa onse padziko PCB. Koma chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chinachake bwino, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi.

ogwiritsa zigawo

Pambuyo ndondomeko etching, muyenera muzimutsuka bolodi, kuchotsa wosanjikiza kuteteza njanji, kuti degrease iwo. Chongani malo zinthu zonse, kubowola maenje kwa iwo. Zoposa 1.2 mm kubowola pang'ono sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ikani zigawo zonse ndi solder iwo mayendedwe a. Pambuyo pa zimenezi, onse m'mabande malata chivundikiro wosanjikiza, T. E. Kuti iwo tinning. Block 12b anapanga ndi manja awo ndi mphamvu tinning unsembe mayendedwe adzakhala nthawi yaitali.