A. S. Pushkin: 1820-1824, kum'mwera kugwirizana. Chidule ntchito yaikulu

chidwi kwambiri nthawi mu nkhani za mbiri ndi zilandiridwenso anali kugwirizana kum'mwera kwa Pushkin. Mwachidule kumuuza za izo - sichinthu chapafupi. Nthawi ya kugwirizana kum'mwera - nthawi ino kuchokera May 1820 kuti July 1824. amakhulupirira kuti ndi kunasintha luso, ndi mu moyo wa Alexander.

udindo Pushkin a zasintha. Iye anali mkulu, koma anakhala ndakatulo-ukapolo manyazi m'banja lachifumu. Pankhaniyi, panalibe moyo amaika utumiki wa Alexander kuchokera St. Petersburg. Motero, kugwirizana nditembenukire mu lofuna yankho lofotokozera. Tsoka wotsatira wake ankadalira yekha pa mavuto azandale dziko pa nthawi imene Pushkin moyo. 1820-1824 - kum'mwera kugwirizana. Chidule cha ntchito zikuluzikulu za nyengo ino, komanso zambiri mbiri za nthawi imeneyi m'nkhani ino.

Oyendayenda ndi banja Rajewski

Poyamba gusts "mphepo" autocracy anali nyengo Pushkin. Pakati pa May ndi September 1820, iye anakhala woyendayenda. Wolemba ndakatulo ankapita kum'mwera ndi banja la General Rajewski, ambiri, ngwazi za nkhondo ya 1812. Kumatikumbutsabe wa Crimea ndi Caucasus zidindo, maganizo, achotsedwa pa mgonero ndi anthu a m'banja lalikulu, ndi masewera ana ambiri pafupi zaka khumi zikupezeka mu ndakatulo ya Alexander.

Service mu Chisinau

ndi zina zimene yonena za Pushkin? Ulalo South anapita osati wokondwa. Ngakhale kuyambira 1820 mpaka 1823 ndinkayesetsa kutenga malo Chisinau. Iye anatumikira mu kazembe Bessarabian m'mphepete mu ofesi (chithunzi pamwambapa - kunyumba Museum Pushkin mu Chisinau). Amadziwika kuti ambiri Inzov ankachitira m'dera lake bwino. Iye anayesera kuti katundu iye ndi utumiki kwambiri, analola yaitali kutali Chisinau. Choncho, nkhanza anali kugwirizana kum'mwera kwa Pushkin.

Mwachidule akulankhula za iyo, ndi ofunika ponena kuti ndakatulo anakhala nthawi yaitali Kamenka (chigawo Kievskaya), chuma Davydov, kuchokera November 1820 ku January 1821. Malowa anali mmodzi wa malo kumene otsutsa boma ankati ulamuliro wa Alexander I. Wolemba ndakatulo kunyumba Odessa Kiev, ndi kumapeto kwa 1821 anapita ku Moldova ndi IP Liprandi. ntchito Pushkin ku ulalo kum'mwera zachokera zonsezi zinthu zina zambiri.

Rapprochement ndi boma la

Mu Kamenka ndi Kishineve dzina lake Aleksandr Sergeevich analankhula ndi anthu a chinsinsi la Southern Society ndi "Union of moyo" (V. L. Davydovym, P. I. Pestelem, P. S. Puschinym, V. F. Raevskim, M. F. Orlovym). South chimagwirizanitsa Pushkin nthawi inali yowala tsamba yonena za ndakatulo iyi, wodzala sewero mkati. Iye anali sobered, iye sanamvere ndipo sanalape. Ulalo South mu moyo Pushkin a ikusonyezedwa ndi mfundo yakuti iwo ukuchita monga kuwala kwa kapolo wa wolamulira wankhanza, wophedwa ufulu. makhalidwe Political ndi freethinking a Alexander zinachititsa kuti wogwirizana kwambiri ndi anthu otsutsa kwakukulu a boma. Pushkin anafuna kuti anawo anzanu. Iye ankaganiza kuti anali za kuzindikira maloto ndi "ufulu woyera." Ndipo Pushkin ankafuna agwera mu kulimbana ndale ndi achiwembu aja.

ndakatulo iyi salinso chidwi ndi zikhulupiriro akale - chiyambi cha "ufulu wa ŵakusanga" ndi "The osonyeza Star Chimwemwe". Iye si ankadalira nzeru za despot lapansi. Pa kugwirizana kum'mwera Pushkin anali ankadya kusaleza, anaona "chilango zigawenga" "mtetezi la ufulu." Komabe, ine ndikuyembekeza kuti mawu ake chingatithandize pa nkhani ambiri, patapita kanthawi anamuchokera. Anzangawo anayamba kuuza ndakatulo kuti palibe anthu chinsinsi.

chikondi ndakatulo

Pa kugwirizana kum'mwera Alexander amachita ngati yowala chikondi ndakatulo. Mu mawu ake anakhala mbuto ikulu a mtundu wanyimbo chikondi. Izi ndi uthenga waubwenzi ndi ndakatulo elegy. Alexander anachita chidwi ndi chikondi m'Chiarabu. Pushkin analemba kugwirizana kum'mwera "Nyimbo ya anzeru Oleg". Makamaka dziko mkati mwadzaza Alexander anatsegula pa nthawi ino elegies ndi ( "ndinapulumuka chilakolako changa ..." "Thins mitambo madzulo lokwera ..." "chimatha nthanda" ndi ena.). Ndi mtundu wa epigraphs chikondi Pushkin kwa mutu yatsopano ya moyo wake kulenga. Iwo noticeable lakuthwa malire pakati pa zaka za moyo mu St. Petersburg, wodzazidwa ndi maphwando, wochezeka kukambirana, zisangalalo za chikondi ndi moyo "mu ukapolo kosangalatsa." Mawu a Pushkin, monga nthawi yonse, avtopsihologichna. Chofanana maganizo a ndakatulo panali chikondi zithunzi za kalembedwe.

makalata

Aleksandru Sergeevichu panopa ankawonetsetsa chosadalirika, kuzimiririka ndipo pokhala. Nthawi zambiri kufanana maganizo ndi ena manyazi ndakatulo - Ovidi, Baratynsky ndi Byron. Mu 1821, Pushkin analemba uthenga "Kuti Ovidi," komanso elegy mbiri wotchedwa "Napoleon". zithunzi za alendo ndi akapolo amene timalandira makalata Baratynsky, wolembedwa mu 1822.

Onani kuti mauthenga mbali khalidwe ngati mtundu wanyimbo elegies monga kugawikana, kusintha mofulumira akaona wongodzinenera. Pakuti Alexander Sergeyevich anali mtundu wa chithandizo ngati mnzanga, ndi abwenzi ku St. Petersburg. Circle malo kwambiri: Ni Gnedich, AA Delvig P. A. Vyazemsky, PA Katenin, P. Ya Chaadaev, EA Baratynsky, F. Izi Yur'ev neri Al.. uthenga zina amakhala makalata kuvomereza. Alexander anaganizirapo iwo za moyo mu ukapolo, nthawi zina anakumbukira chimwemwe zoyankhulirana ndi anzawo. Ntchito monga "The m'Chibama kwa akuluakulu a Uthenga", "Kuti inkwell wanga," "Kwa Ovidi," wolemba ndakatulo akupereka mawunikidwe pa nkhaniyi m'mabuku, za zinthu, za vicissitudes la tsoka.

ndakatulo kum'mwera kwa Pushkin

Psychological mbali ya Alexander analandidwa mu mawu analenga. The ndakatulo anapereka chitsanzo chabe refracted pa chibwenzi. Pakuti andakatulo ambiri m'banja Achikondi iye kenako anakhala apakhungu. Mu 1821, Pushkin analemba ndakatulo yake yotchuka lotchedwa "Mkaidi wa Caucasus". Mu nthawi kuchokera 1821 mpaka 1822, anagwira "Abale wakuba", mu 1821-1823 gg. - pa "The Kasupe wa Bakhchisarai". Mu 1824, kale mu Mikhailovsky, anamaliza ndakatulo wake "Majipise". Akukhulupirira kuti ntchito zimenezi - kupambana waukulu Alexander pa ukapolo kum'mwera. Ndakatulo linachititsa zotsutsana ziyenera a otsutsa ndi owerenga Komabe, alimbikitsa mbiri yawo monga woyambitsa waukulu Russian ndakatulo.

Features mkombero

Mu ndakatulo kum'mwera kuzungulira zidutswa 4 zokhazo zimene si zogwirizana ndi mzake kapena chikhalidwe, zili audio. Komabe, iwo chimodzi zamalankhulidwe pachimake. Makhalidwe chachikulu cha ntchito imeneyi - chikhulupiriro, anthu amphamvu. Komanso, ndakatulo umabweretsa pamodzi mutu wa ufulu, amene pops mmwamba mulimonse mu zochita.

Poyamba pathupi mkombero ongokhala ntchito atatu a Alexander Pushkin. Ulalo South anamupatsa mfundo ndakatulo zimenezi, amene analengedwa mu nthawi kuchokera 1820 mpaka 1823. "Majipise" zinalembedwa mu chaka chamawa ndi zina mwa mkombero mpaka patapita nthawi yaitali.

Mokhudza ndi ufulu, osadziletsa, nthawi zina ozizira ndi wankhanza otchulidwa jambulani ife osati Kuzindikira ndi apachiyambi, komanso chakuti zinalengedwa mu nthawi zovuta mabuku Russian. maonekedwe awo anali achilengedwe. wolemba walenga ntchito izi za Achikondi ovomerezeka, koma za anthu a ndakatulo wake yosiyana. chithunzi awo kukhulupirika, mphamvu. Ndakatulo ya Pushkin anatsutsa kumvetsa miyambo ya romanticism inkakhala chakuti maziko ntchito za Alexander Pushkin palibe kwathunthu. ngwazi ikuyimiridwa mobisika ndi ake m'mbuyomu. Moyo wake wakale wokhala tikhoza muweruza kudzera amapulumutsira ndi kukumbukira. Hero moyo ndi zochita mu nthawi ino.

Ndakatulo "Mkaidi wa Caucasus" (Pushkin)

1820-1824 - kum'mwera kugwirizana, chidule cha zochitika zazikulu zomwe akhala tafotokozazi. Kumvetsa nthawi kuchita zimenezi Pushkin kupereka ndakatulo wake "wamndende wa Caucasus". Apa protagonist ndi wosagonjetsedwa, ufulu kukoma. Tikhonza ndikuganiza za m'mbuyomo. M'lembali pali lingaliro chakuti linachokera kwa anthu mkulu. Hero wotopetsa kuwala. Iye anathawa naye Caucasus, kufunafuna ufulu mkati. Komabe, apa iye ali mkaidi. Choncho, ufulu adafunafuna ndi ngwazi - basi yonyenga. ufulu weniweni mkati munthu. No zochitika kunja sangathe zikhale izo. Koma ufulu kunja ndi wonyenga. The protagonist amakhulupirira kuti iye sakanakhoza kukhala mu ukapolo. Komabe, iye mosadziwa anazolowera ukapolo. Chikondi wamng'ono Circassian mtsikana zimapereka mpata kuchita kuthawa. Ndipo athaŵila, motero dooming wokonda kudzipha. Mtima wa mtsikanayu anali otentha, mosiyana ozizira yamvumbi ngwazi. Circassian Iwo kwenikweni ndi ufulu ndi ufulu kukoma.

"Majipise"

Ndi mankhwala pamwamba ananena kuti tikugwirizana "Gypsy", makamaka mawu a m'nkhaniyi. Komanso zikugwirizanirana ndi nthawi yofunika kwa ife, chifukwa analengedwa mu 1824, Pushkin (1820-1824 - kum'mwera kugwirizana). Chidule ndi mbali ya mankhwala, ifenso akamufunsirire kuganizira.

Aleko chithunzi koyamba zofanana kwambiri ndi khalidwe la "Mkaidi wa Caucasus". Komabe, ndi bwino m'njira, zovuta zambiri. Hero, "anathamangitsa mwa lamulo," kusiya dziko. Ambiri mwina, tili wobisala kapena Wolakwayo. Iye akukhulupirira kuti mukhoza kupeza chimwemwe ndi mtendere mu msasa zimakhalira kumtundu kwathu, kumene anthu amakhala, osalumikidwa ndi chilichonse kupatula kumverera. Komabe, msasa salandira Aleko. Iye ali chabe paulendo, mlendo kwa anthu awa, ndipo sankamvetsa ufulu kukoma kwake moyo.

Aleko mu chikondi ndi zimakhalira kumtundu kwathu mtsikana Zemfira. Pomuuza za anthu mkulu, iye akutero, kuti anthu pali kukankhidwira ganizo, manyazi chikondi, kugulitsa, tiweramitse mitu pamaso pa mafano ndi kuyang'ana ndalama koma unyolo. Mu kugwa m'chikondi ndi mkazi Gypsy, ngwazi ya ndakatuloyi akufuna kukhala naye kalekale, koma moyo wake ndi mu ukapolo mdima chilakolako. Aleko simungakhoze kumvetsa mzimu lamkati la anthu ndi kutenga izo.

Kodi umatha ndakatulo "Majipise"? Pushkin akufuna kuti khalidwe chachikulu chimakhala nkhani kulosera Gypsy za chikondi chake unrequited ndi mmene mkazi wake anamusiya. Komabe, nzeru za nkhani iyi si kuti amvetse izo, kukhulupirira kuti si mmodzi wa iwo amene angathe kusunga chikondi. Aleko ndi wokonzeka kumenyera nkhondo maganizo awo, koma akuchita zolakwika. maso ake ataphimbidwa chotchinga cha nsanje, mu nawo amene akupha wokonda ake osakhulupirika. Ndipo Majipise kukana munthu amene mtima anali wankhanza.

Anthu anzeru ndi mtundu mtima Komabe, tikhoza kumvetsa chilakolako cha ngwazi, kotero musati kumuchititsa moyo. Adamuwuza zimene iye akufuna kokha kokha, kotero osayenera ufulu weniweni wa maganizo. Classic ntchito Achikondi ndi kutha osangalala. The ngwazi zambiri amapambana, ndi mavuto onse kutha bwino. Komabe, ndakatulo ya Alexander anamaliza si wosangalala kutha. Chifukwa ichi iwo kukhala bwinobwino ndi moyo, komanso zochititsa chidwi. sewero kuti amatilola kuti akumvetseni bwino khalidwe la ngwazi. Izi zikusonyezedwa bwino ndakatulo "Majipise" (Pushkin).

Yambani ntchito pa "Evgeniem Oneginym"

Zifanizo za mzimu wopanduka, anthu amphamvu, anafotokozedwa ndi ndakatulo iyi, adzapitiriza kulibe, akhale ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana ndi pang'onopang'ono kukhala zovuta kwambiri. Eugene Onegin - wopambana mu nkhope ya mtundu umene udzapeza moyo watsopano. Alexander anayamba kugwira ntchito pa buku mu vesi Chisinau mu May 1823. Monga mukukumbukira, nthawi imene kum'mwera kwa Pushkin, - 1820-1824 (kum'mwera kugwirizana). Chidule cha buku "Eugene Onegin" inamalizidwa mu 1831 - mutu ndi nkhani ina.

Choncho, July 1824 idatha kugwirizana kum'mwera kwa Pushkin. Ntchito olembedwa 1820-24 gg. Komabe kuuzira ambiri.