Alexander Zholkovsky: moyo wake ndi ntchito

Zilankhulo, wolemba, zolembalemba, wotsutsa Alexander Zholkovsky mu Russia lero makamaka zodziwika kokha kwa akatswiri yopapatiza. Ngakhale malingaliro sayansi adakali mwakhama kukulitsa chidwi kuwala ndi kutsitsimuka. Timauza za mmene munali moyo wa munthu uyu chidwi, ndipo njira yake yolenga.

Childhood ndi magwero

Anabadwa tsogolo wasayansi Alexander Zholkovsky September 8, 1937 mu Moscow mu banja chidwi kwambiri. mayi wake Deborah Semenovna Rybakova ankadziwika musicologist, Ph.D., anaphunzitsa mbiri nyimbo pa Moscow Conservatory ndi Music College. Atate Constantine Zholkovsky Platonovich anamwalira nawo kayaking kusambira pa White Nyanja, pamene mwana wake miyezi yochepa. bambo Alyx a (kotero zonse akadali otchedwa Zholkovsky) m'malo mwa mwamuna lachiwiri la mayi anga, Lev Abramovich Mazel - wotchuka Soviet musicologist, pulofesa pa Moscow Conservatory. Pa nkhondo, mnyamatayo anali ndi makolo ake anasamutsidwa ku Sverdlovsk. Koma agogo ndi amayi agogo, amene ankakhala Kiev, anagunda ntchito German ndipo anafa Babi Yar.

mapangidwe

Mu 1944 banja anabwerera ku Moscow, ndi Alexander Zholkovsky kupita kusukulu nambala 50, pamene anamaliza ulemu mu 1954. Izi zinamupatsa popanda bwinobwino koma kwa kuyankhulana kupita ku koleji. Iye anasankha mphamvu yapamwamba ya Philology, Romance-Germany nthambi ya Moscow State University. M. Lomonosov. lilime lake anali English specialization. Wophunzira Zholkovsky anali wakhama, kuphunzira bwino, koma osamva ufulu kwambiri. M'chaka yotsiriza zinali chifukwa msonkhano Komsomol ndipo analandira tsutsa, kuti pa nthawi atseka basi mu kufalitsa aliyense odyera kwambiri kapena zochepa bwino.

Njira Soviet wasayansi

Nditamaliza maphunziro, Alexander Zholkovsky, chifukwa kupembedzera ndi malangizo a aphunzitsi, olemekezedwa wasayansi Vyacheslava Vsevolodovicha Ivanova, limodzi ndi zasayansi ya makina yomasulira pa Institute of zilankhulo. Thorez. Zinali yekha sayansi bungwe, zomwe si mantha kutenga ufulu woganiza. Iye anayamba ndi injiniya achikulire ndipo anakhala ndi junior kafukufuku wothandizira ndipo kenako anadzuka ndi kafukufuku pakampanipo. Zholkovsky chinkhoswe mu manenedwe structural, ndipo nkhani zake ndinazindikira zilankhulo kwambiri Igor Aleksandrovich Melchuk. Iye anapempha wamng'ono wasayansi mu gulu ntchito, kenako anayamba chiphunzitso cha "lemba kutanthauza kuti" anazindikira Patapita pafupifupi chosintha. Chifukwa cha kugwirizana anaona kuunika mabuku angapo pa mbali lexical ndi experimental ofotokozera combinatorial dikishonale ya chinenero cha Chirasha. Yopangidwa chiphunzitso cha magulu Soviet Union sanali kukhala, dikishonare linasindikizidwa yekha mu 80s mu Vienna, pambuyo Melchuk anasamuka. Laboratory ndiye anali freethinkers timu kwenikweni, chifukwa chimene zoona, chirichonse anakhudzidwa.

Mu 1974, iye anachotsedwa ku Zholkovsky MGPI. Ichi ndi chifukwa pambuyo athamangitsidwe udindo Solzhenitsyn a freethinking luntha zovuta kwambiri, anayamba kuyeretsa weniweni wa mabungwe a sayansi. Alexander sadzachitanso anatha kupeza ntchito pa anayambitsa "Informelectro" kumene Gulu ukugwira Yu Apresian pansi pa amati ndi owolowa manja wotsogolera S. G. Malinina. gulu anayamba lachitsanzo ntchito Mel'chukov makina yomasulira. Masiku ano, ntchito ya gulu akhala mofala ndi mwachangu lofalitsidwa padziko lonse.

nkhani yolembedwa

Limodzi ndi ntchito mu gulu Mel'chukov Alexander Zholkovsky kuphunzira pasukulu maphunziro a Institute of Oriental Zilankhulo pa Moscow State University. Mutu wa ntchitoyi inali ndi zosowa chinenero Chisomali. Mu 1968, nkhani yolembedwa itatha, Alec kale anatumiza umboni, koma kasamalidwe wa Institute anayamba kuletsa chitetezo. Chifukwa chake - Zholkovsky anasaina kalata pothandizira otsutsa anali atamangidwa ndi Ginzburg Galanskov mlandu kulenga ndi kugawira samizdat. The Institute wachotsa pa zimene zolemba pamaphunziro bungwe ku positi-maphunziro Zholkovsky. Mu kugwa kwa 1968 zimakhala nkhondo Soviet la Czechoslovakia, ndi Alex anali kachiwiri mwa ankachita nawo zionetserozo. MGPI kasamalidwe anaganiza kuti auze dissident ndi kumupatsa iye chitetezo. Koma chinalepheretsa kuchotsedwa a boma, limene poyera akuthandiza Zholkovsky. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, m'chaka cha 1969 iye anali wokhoza kwakukuru pochitika ndondomeko chitetezo, ndipo kenako ovomerezeka wa WAC. Kuti anali yekhayo dissident zaumunthu bwino chitetezo.

zaka za ukapolo

Ngokwanira ndiponso wanzeru dzina lake Aleksandr Zholkovsky, amene yonena kumayambitsa osati kwa sayansi komanso kuchita ndewu, ine sakakwana zenizeni Soviet, ndipo mu 1979 anasamuka - oyamba Vienna ndiyeno US, kumene anakhalako kuyambira. Kwa zaka zingapo ntchito pa yunivesite ya Cornell, ndipo kuyambira 1983 - pa yunivesite ya Southern California. Pang'onopang'ono Alexander Zholkovsky, amene chithunzi mu insaiklopidia aliyense chinenero, kusunthira kutali okhwima structuralism anayamba kulemba buku lapadera Russian wolemba amenenso akuyendera essays ndi, novellistka.

mabuku

Wolemba Alexander Zholkovsky, amene mabuku lero ndi bwalo khola la admirers, walemba zoposa 30 ntchito sayansi ndi Maulendo, komanso pafupifupi 400 nkhani. Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu wamba muli ntchito yake kuyambitsa wa mtundu wanyimbo unfabled prose. Mabuku odziwika ndi Zholkovsky "Nyenyezi ndi pang'ono m'mwamba," "zopanda pake ndi vignettes ena a ungwiro", "Pasternak Poetics", "Mikhail Zoshchenko. Poetics cha kukayikirana. "