Ambiri kusanthula zizindikiro magazi: mlingo ana ndi akulu

Pamene munthu ayamba dotolo ngati zizindikiro zilizonse, dokotala anapereka kafukufuku kuvomerezedwa. Complete magazi zili mbali ya mndandanda wa ndondomeko izi. Ndipotu, malinga ndi dokotala kafukufuku mungapeze mfundo za chikhalidwe anthu ambiri. Ngakhale akatswiri odziwa sangathe bwino oterewa wodwala kokha pamaziko a magazi, koma ichi iye amasonyeza malangizo otani kwa kusuntha.

Kukonzekera kwa chopereka cha magazi kwa kusanthula

Zotsatira za kafukufuku anapatsidwa mudziwe pazipita za chikhalidwe mankhwala wodwala, m'pofunika yokonzekera. Pali ena ambiri kusanthula magawo magazi. Ponseponse deta ndi osiyana akuluakulu ndi ana. Kuchokera pa manambalawo pamene kuyerekeza mtima deta maphunziro, adokotala kuona ngati pali kupatuka pa malamulo awa konsekonse anavomera. Pofuna kusokoneza zotsatira za kuwunika, tingayambe misdiagnosis, kutenga mankhwala ndi mowa madzulo zoperekera magazi si kofunika. Pali zina ziti kwa yokonza yobereka mfundo za kafukufuku, apa ndi akuluakulu:

1. Magazi wachotsedwa wodwala m'mawa pa chopanda kanthu m'mimba. Ndi zofunika kuti tisakhale ndi chakudya kapena pachimake mafuta chakudya. Kusuta kapena zamzitini contraindicated.
2. Kumwa mowa ndi choletsedwa za tsiku pamaso chopereka.
3. Si kofunika kwa mpheto koyenera kwa fodya, kumwa khofi kapena tiyi, monga zonse izi zingathe kusokoneza kusanthula ambiri a magawo magazi, mlingo wa amene adzakhala kutali zofanana. Asanalankhule zofufuza angakhale osavuta kumwa madzi opanda mpweya.
4. Pamaso ndondomeko, magazi zosonkhanitsira si zofunika kuti mantha. Ngati nthawi yaitali kufika ku mfundo ya kubala, muyenera mukapume.
5. Zoipa kungakhudze zotsatira za kazembe atayezetsa, mlingo wa deta awa ayankhidwa pansipa, aliyense mwa- kuthupi ndi masewera, ndi X-ray.
6. Makhwalawa si zofunika, koma pa nkhani ya kufunika mwadzidzidzi kuchenjezedwa za wothandizira izi choyezera, kutenga zitsanzo magazi.

Kodi njira ikuchitika magazi zitsanzo zosankhidwazi odwala?

Zasayansi, amene akukumana ndi mayesero kutumidwa ayenera kuchitidwa onse mwai antiseptic chithandizo ndi chisamaliro, kuphatikizapo kvartsevanie malo. Matenda kapena wathunthu magazi (mwana wabwinobwino ndi wamkulu ndi osiyana) anachita ndi akupeza izo kwa mtsempha kapena ku chala. Laboratory ayenera ntchito magolovesi wosabala disposable. Kuti tichite zimenezi, iwo ayenera kulandira chithandizo ndi njira ya okhutira yeniyeni Mowa.

Analysis magazi chala mphete ntchito chida chapadera - scarifier. Medical zasayansi punctures chala, ndiye pambuyo kuoneka dontho woyamba wa magazi kumabweretsa pipette wapadera puncture ndi chuma anasonkhana mu chidebe zooneka ngati chubu. magazi Venous akutengedwa kudzera syringe kapena dongosolo zingalowe zosonkhanitsira magazi, wopangidwa mwa yamphamvu singano ndi machubu mumtundu. Mwachitsanzo, kutenga nyemba magazi ndipo kenako kupeza magazi ambiri chifukwa kusanthula amene ponseponse akhala kumatanthauza kukomoka ntchito thanki zingalowe ndi zina violet. zingalowe wambiri dongosolo zambiri poyerekeza wosabala syringe, monga:

1. Magazi otengedwa wodwala kwa zasayansi kudzanso chifukwa palibe mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi zinthu.
2. corpuscles magazi, chomwe ndi magazi, si kuonongeka ndi kukhudzana ndi mpweya, chifukwa dongosolo ili ndi kwina.

Anatengedwa mu njira mwazi wa odwala anafufuza kuti:

1. Hemoglobin.
2. Khama la ESR.
3. Aŵerenga maselo magazi magazi ntchito maikulosikopu ndi ena.

Cholinga cha kuwunika

ndi ulamuliro wa onse magazi ndi wotani? The kafukufuku amasonyeza magawo a munthu aliyense amene amalankhula za chikhalidwe chake ndi matenda ankaimbidwa. Malinga ndi zotsatira imawunikidwa:

1. Nambala ya maselo ofiira a magazi.
2. Hemoglobin - kuchuluka kwa mankhwala opezeka maselo ofiira ndi tiri ndi udindo kwa kayendedwe ka mpweya wochokera ku mapapu ziwalo zonse za anthu.
3. chiwerengero cha maselo oyera m'magazi anatsimikiza ndi leukocytes wapadera chilinganizo. Limalimbikitsa thupi, ambiri awo - umboni kutupa.
4. Othandiza - mbale kuti ali ndi udindo coagulation magazi Mitsempha kuonongeka.
5. Hematocrit - tanthauzo la chiŵerengero maselo magazi plasma.
6. Mlingo wa sedimentation maselo (erythrocytes). Pamene ali wathunthu magazi, mlingo ESR chimaonekera pa liwiro la kugwa kwa maselo ofiira pansi pa thanki, deta izi kulola ife kuti asa- ena katundu wa magazi.

Chipatala kusanthula magazi. mawu olembedwa

Akumvetsa kufunika matenda a matenda zotheka deta zitha kukhala dokotala. Osati nthawi zonse zizindikiro za kusanthula okwana magazi, mlingo wa deta awa likuonetsera kuti munthu wathanzi, woweruza wa kuti zitha kukhala katswiri. Koma zina, munthu ano akadali akuyenera kutaya. Taganizirani mwatsatanetsatane likuimira.

hemoglobin

Ichi ndi zazikulu kupuma mapuloteni opezeka maselo ofiira, iye ndiye amanyamula mpweya matupi aumunthu. Mbali yaikulu ya - chitsulo kukhudzana ndi erythrocytes mu mapapo, ndi wothira mpweya ndipo amayendayenda mu zimakhala ndi ziwalo za thupi. Low mlingo wa hemoglobin - ndi kuchepa magazi, imbaenda kusowa mpweya thupi. A index apamwamba limasonyeza kuti thupi limafooka. Choncho ndikofunika onse magawo magazi okwanira. hemoglobin ponseponse:

- amuna: 132-153 g / L;

- akazi: 119-141 g / L;

- neonates: 211-216 g / L;

- ana mpaka chaka: 126-128 g / L;

- wamkulu kuposa zaka 2: 117-133 g / L.

mapuloteni

Ndi muyeso wa kagayidwe ake, ndiye - ndi chiwerengero cha mapuloteni ali seramu. Nkofunika kuti kwa magazi mapuloteni kusanthula wonse. Mapuloteni (yachibadwa, kuchuluka, utachepa) - uyu ndi zofunika kwambiri magawo zasayansi mungathe kudziwa:

1. Ikuyenda ndi magazi kukhuthala.
2. Magazi buku.
3. Nawo zochita m'thupi.
4. magazi clotting zinthu ndi ena.

Okwera mapuloteni mu magazi ndi zochepa wamba kuposa yafupika. chiwerengerochi angathe kukambirana za matenda opatsirana, matenda a chiwindi aakulu, matenda enaake, ndipo ena. kutsitsa mapuloteni imfayo magazi aakulu, kutupa, kutentha thupi, poizoni, ndi ena.

Khama la mapuloteni ndende mu madzi - ndi yofunika magazi mayeso. Total mapuloteni, mlingo umene ndi avareji ndi zimasiyanasiyana zaka: Wamkulu - 64-85 g / L; mwana - 45-80 g / L. Anthu wamba amatchedwa sayansi.

erythrocytes

Izi mpweya opindula thupi, kuwonjezera, mpweya woipa ndi pochotsa erythrocytes. Low index kumabweretsa zikamera wa anemias zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo kuwasamalira kungachititse kuti thrombosis. Kuchuluka kwa maselo a magazi mwina chifukwa Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa ndi kudwala. Mbali yoyamba, kuwonjezeka kwa maselo ofiira a magazi kumachitika pamene thupi, thukuta kwambiri, ndiponso maganizo. A polycythemia pathological kungasonyeze matenda a magazi monga matenda Vakeza. Komanso, deta zimenezi zingakhale zimasonyeza matenda a mtima, matenda aakulu m'mapapo, ndi ena. Nkofunika matenda zolondola pa siteji oyambirira a matenda, kotero ndikofunika kudziwa chiwerengero maselo a magazi, kupanga ndondomeko ya malamulo. mwana ndi wakudziko wamkulu ndi osiyana Chrixitu. Chiwerengero cha maselo a magazi amuna - 4,01-5,07 * 10 akhumi digiri / l; akazi - 3,7-4,6 * 10 akhumi digiri / l; ana pa 2 zaka 10 4.1 * 12 digiri / l.

hematocrit

Magazi - chisakanizo cha mbali madzi, i.e. madzi a m'magazi ndi maselo. chiŵerengero Izi ndi hematocrit. nambala iyi chimaonetsera kuchuluka kwa Mwachitsanzo, mlingo wa hematocrit:

- Kwa amayi - kuchokera 34-45% (kutanthauza kuti chiwerengero maselo a magazi - 38-49%);

- amuna - 37-49%.

Kuchuluka hematocrit amapezeka ndi madzi m'thupi. Kuchepa kwa index amenewa amasonyeza magazi m'thupi zotheka.

mlingo sedimentation wa erythrocytes pansi chubu

Complete magazi kusanthula - yachibadwa ESR - chiwerengero amene akufotokoza mmene kudya magazi ndi anagawira mu madzi ndi wosanjikiza m'munsi. Poyamba, izo zinkayenera acronym wina - ESR. Complete magazi (ESR), erythrocyte sedimentation mlingo zotani ndi osiyana ana ndi akulu, monga amuna ndi 2-8 mamilimita 1 ora ana - 2-12 mamilimita / h. Pamaso pa zizindikiro okwera zikusonyeza kutukusira kwa thupi, poizoni, matenda. Low mlingo Kuthetsa umboni zikhoza kugwirizana ndi njala, imfa ya minofu misa ndi ena.

bilirubin

Pakuti uziyenda zachilendo m'thupi la munthu amafuna zigawo zosiyana ndi mavitamini, amene zifukwa zoonekeratu sikuti kudyetsedwa ndi mpweya. Munthu ayenera kudya chakudya ndi iye ndipo iye afika zambiri za zakudya, kuphatikizapo chitsulo ndi. Kuti kusowa kuwombola izi chigawo kapena osakwanira wa mu thupi kungachititse kuti matenda matenda a chikasu ndiyo - ichi ndi khalidwe lalikulu la bilirubin overvalued m'magazi. Choncho n'kofunika kwambiri kuti magazi. Total bilirubin (yachibadwa, okwera kapena yafupika mlingo) adzafotokoza kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana. Inki imeneyi, yomwe ndi mbali ya ya ndulu excreted ndendende ndi izo.

Osati mitundu yonse ya matenda a chikasu ndiyo - ndi kudwala Mwachitsanzo, mlingo wa bilirubin neonatal anakokomeza, koma izo zangokhala boma thupi, umene posachedwapa pochitika palokha. Koma, ngati kanthu zasintha mwa masiku angapo, amafunika mwamsanga magazi mayeso: okwana bilirubin. Normal kapena mkulu mtengo - kusanthula ikufotokozera. Pamene anthu omwe sanali dekhetsa index chithandizo mwamsanga n'kofunika.

Aliyense labu mayesero deta mfundo zawo, angathe kugwirizana ndi osiyana ochuluka njira zizindikiro zofanana. Mu milandu, decoding imagwiridwa zotsatira anapatsidwa malamulo.