Analysis FMEA: Chitsanzo ntchito ndi

zopindika zina yanthanda pa kapangidwe ndi kupanga zida zosiyanasiyana. Kodi zotsatira zake? Wopanga amanyamula awiri kugwirizana ndi mayesero zina, chavuta ndi kusintha kapangidwe. Komabe, - osati ndondomeko kusalankhula. Unikani kumuopseza zotheka ndi vulnerabilities, komanso kudziwa zopindika amaona kuti akhoza kusokoneza ntchito zida, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito FMEA kusanthula.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba njira kusanthula lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito ku US mu 1949. Ndiyeno ntchito yokhayo makampani asilikali kamangidwe ka zida zatsopano. Komabe, mu 70 FMEA malingaliro awo anali mu munda wa mabungwe akuluakulu. Mmodzi wa koyamba luso kampani Ford (panthawi imeneyo - lalikulu galimoto wopanga).

Today FMEA-kusanthula njira ntchito pafupifupi mabizinezi makina zomanga. Zoyamba za kasamalidwe chiopsezo ndi kusanthula kulephera zifukwa zafotokozedwa GOST R 51901.12-2007.

Tanthauzo ndi akamanena za njira

FMEA - ndi chidule cha Kulephera mumalowedwe ndi Mmene Analysis. Izi - luso kusanthula mitundu ndi zotsatira za zolephera kotheka (zopindika, chifukwa chimene chinthu wotaya umatha ntchito zake). Kodi wabwino ndi njira imeneyi? Iwo amapereka kampani mwayi kudzi- kuthekera ndi malfunctions ngakhale pa siteji kapangidwe. Mu kusanthula Mlengi amalandira mfundo izi:

• mndandanda vuto kuchita ndi malfunctions;
• Kupenda zimayambitsa asayembekezere, mwamphamvu ndi zotsatira;
• ayamikira kuchepetsa ngozi kuti chofunika koposa;
• akukhudzidwira ziyenera a chitetezo ndiponso kudalirika kwa katundu ndi machitidwe onse.

Data kuwapeza kusanthula ndi zoimbira. zolakwa zonse wapezeka ndi kuphunzira anawagawira ndi mwamphamvu, chomasuka kudziwika, maintainability ndi pafupipafupi zosayembekezereka. Ntchito yaikulu - kudziwa mavuto zisanachitike ndipo zidzakhudza makasitomala kampani.

Mbali FMEA-kusanthula

Njira imeneyi kafukufuku chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi minda yonse luso, monga:

• magalimoto ndi shipbuilding;
• Azamlengalenga makampani;
• mankhwala ndi mafuta;
• yomanga;
• kupanga zida mafakitale ndi makina.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, njira chiopsezo ziyenera ayamba ntchito mu gawo sanali opanga - mwachitsanzo anira ndi malonda.

FMEA angathe kuchitidwa pa magawo onse a kayendedwe ka moyo mankhwala. Komabe, ambiri a kuwunika amachitidwa pa siteji ya chitukuko ndi mankhwala zosintha, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba alipo mu chilengedwe chatsopano.

mitundu

Mothandizidwa ndi luso kuphunzira FMEA osati njira zosiyanasiyana ndi zipangizo, komanso njira kasamalidwe kampani, kupanga ndi ntchito mankhwala. Pa mayesero onsewa, njira ali mbali yake yeniyeni. The kusanthula phunziro zingakhale:

• kachitidwe luso;
• nyumba ndi katundu;
• njira kupanga zida, unsembe ndiponso kukonza mankhwala.

Mu kuphunzira zimagwirira kudziwa chiopsezo sanali kugwilizana, vuto limapezeka pa ntchito, komanso kuwononga ndi moyo yafupika utumiki. Izi zimatengera mu katundu nkhani zakuthupi, Masamu dongosolo, makhalidwe ake, ndi polumikizira mogwirizana kachitidwe ena.

FMEA-kusanthula ndondomeko ukusonyeza umboni zimene zimakhudza khalidwe ndi chitetezo cha mankhwala. Komanso amaganizira kasitomala wokhutira ndi ngozi zachilengedwe. Apa, mavuto kumachitika pa gawo la munthu (mwachitsanzo kampani antchito), luso kupanga zipangizo ntchito ndi zida, kachitidwe, mmene pa chilengedwe kuyeza.

phunziro ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana:

• "Top-pansi" (ku kachitidwe lalikulu zazing'ono ndi zinthu);
• A "pansi kukwera" (kwa mankhwala munthu ndi ziwalo zake dongosolo yopanga).

Chisankho zimadalira cholinga cha kuwunika. Zimakhala pa phunziro mwatsatanetsatane, kuphatikiza njira zina, kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida standalone.

magawo a

Kaya ntchito yeniyeni, FMEA-kusanthula zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira za kulephera yatsoka umachitika mu aligorivimu konsekonse. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane ndondomeko imeneyi.

Kukonzekera kwa gulu katswiri

Choyamba, muyenera kusankha amene kuchititsa phunzirolo. Kugwirizana - mmodzi wa mfundo zikuluzikulu za FMEA lapansi. Only mtundu limapereka khalidwe ndi Kudziwa za kumupima, komanso kulenga malo malingaliro sagwirizana nazo. Monga ulamuliro, gulu ndizo anthu 5-9. Pamafunikanso:

• Manager Project;
• injiniya, akuchita ndondomeko za chitukuko;
• kapangidwe injiniya;
• woimira kupanga kapena kulamulira khalidwe misonkhano;
• Dipatimenti ntchito ndi ogula.

Ngati ndi kotheka kwa kusanthula nyumba ndi njira akhoza imene akatswiri oyenerera mabungwe kunja. Zokambirana za mavuto ndi njira zothetsera zimachitika pa nkhani zokambirana chosatha maola 1.5. Iwo akhoza kuchitika mu zonse, ndipo mwa dongosolo chosakwanira (ngati kukhalapo kwa akatswiri enieni safuna kuthetsa magazini atsopano).

Kuphunzira polojekiti

Kuchita kusanthula FMEA m'pofunika bwino kudziwa chinthu kuphunzira ndi malire ake. Ngati ife kulankhula za ndondomekoyi, muyenera tisonyezeni kuyamba chochitika chomaliza. Pakuti zida ndi nyumba yonse mosavuta - mukhoza kuona iwo machitidwe zovuta kapena kuganizira njira yeniyeni ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu. Mismatches tinganene kuti kukwaniritsa zofuna za siteji ogula la moyo mankhwala adzizungulira, malo, ntchito ndi zina zotero. D.

Pa nthawi imeneyi, mamembala a gulu Katswiri ayenera nkhani ya chinthu, ntchito zake ndiponso mfundo ntchito. Mafotokozedwe ayenera kukhala lomwenso ndi bwino kwa anthu onse a timu. zitsanzo zambiri gawo koyamba, akatswiri kuphunzira malangizo kupanga ndi ntchito nyumba, magawo mapulani, muyezo zolembedwa chithunzichi.

# 3: kujambula ndandanda ya zopindika kuthekera

Mbali ongolankhula gulu akupitiriza wounikira zakulephera zotheka. A kufufuza wathunthu wa umboni zonse zitheka ndi zolakwika kuti angagwe pamalowa. Iwo akhoza kugwirizana ndi kusokonezeka kwa zinthu zina kapena kuti ntchito pachithunzichi (osakwanira mphamvu inaccuracy otsika zokolola). Mu kusanthula njira zofunika kutchula mwachindunji ntchito luso, umene chiopsezo cha zolakwa - monga si ntchito kapena ntchito molakwika.

Kufotokozera za zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira

Chotsatira - mozama kusanthula zoterezi. Ntchito yaikulu - kumvetsa zimene zingatisocheretse ichi kapena zina zolakwika, ndi momwe zopindika wapezeka zingakhudze antchitowo, ogula ndi kampani wonse.

Pofuna kudziwa zimene zimayambitsa Nkosatheka vuto timu kuphunzira za mmene ntchito, anavomereza amafuna awo kukhazikitsa, komanso malipoti zowerengera. Mphindi ya FMEA-kusanthula akhoza amasonyezanso mfundo zoopsa kuti kampani akhoza kusintha.

Pa nthawi yomweyo timu akulingalira kodi tingatani kuthetsa mwayi wa zosayembekezereka ya zopindika, amapereka njira ya kulamulira ndi pafupipafupi akadakwanitsira wa chiphasochi.

katswiri kuwerengetsa

Kodi yotsatira? mamembala FMEA-timu anayamba kambiranani analephera muyezo waukulu zitatu:

1. S - kusalekerera / Zimene. Izo zimatengera momwe choopsa zotsatira za chilema kwa ogula. Anayeza pa 10 kufika pamlingo (1 - pafupifupi ziribe mphamvu, 10 - zoopsa, amene wopanga katundu angathe kupatsidwa chilango chigawenga).
2. O - Mwadzidzidzi / Mwina. Zikusonyeza kangati kuphwanya enieni, ndi ngati zinthu Mungathe kubwereza (1 - chodziwikiratu kwambiri 10 - kulephera zimawonedwa mu oposa 10% milandu).
3. D - kudziwika / kudziwika. The chizindikiro kwa ziyenera a njira control: Kodi amathandiza mwamsanga kuti kulakwika (1 - pafupifupi kungakupatseni kupeza, 10 - chilema chobisika kuti sangathe wapezeka pamaso pa isanayambike zotsatira).

Kuchokera pa kuwunika izi kudziwa patsogolo chiwerengero cha chiopsezo (HRR) pa mtundu kulephera. Ichi ndi chizindikiro generic kuti amalola kuti tipeze chimene kuwonongeka ndi kuyan'anila angabweretse ndi vuto lalikulu kwa olimba ndi makasitomala ake. Calculated ntchito njira:

The HRR apamwamba - zoopsa kwambiri ndi zowononga kuphwanya zotsatira zake. Sitepe yoyamba ndi kuthetsa kapena kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zophophonya ndi malfunctions imene phindu kuposa 100-125. Mfundo 40 100 apeze matenda ndi msinkhu pafupifupi amuleka, ndi HRR pansipa 40 zikusonyeza kuti kulephera wooneka ali osowa ndi angapezeke popanda mavuto.

Development wa maganizo ndi malangizo

Pambuyo Iganizireni zolakwika ndi mavuto awo, gulu ntchito FMEA limatchula mbali yofunika ya ntchito. Ntchito yoyamba ndiyo akatunge dongosolo la kukonza kuti "bottlenecks" - zinthu ndi ntchito ndi HRR apamwamba. Kuchepetsa mlingo kuopseza kutengera magawo chimodzi kapena zingapo:

• kuthetsa wochititsa kulephera, kapena kusintha kapangidwe ndondomeko (kuwunika O);
• kuteteza zosayembekezereka wa chilema mwa njira zowerengera ulamuliro (kuwunika O);
• pochepetsa zotsatira zoipa chifukwa ogula ndi makasitomala - monga mitengo kuchepetsa katundu zosalongosoka (Chiyerekezo S);
• kuyambitsa zipangizo zatsopano pofuna kuzindikira mwamsanga zolakwa ndi kukonza wotsatira (mlingo D).

kampaniyo akhoza chitani yomweyo kugwiritsa malangizo, FMEA timu pamene osauka dongosolo kukhazikitsa ndi kumasonyeza akuyambira ndi nthawi ntchito iliyonse. Chikalata chomwecho zambiri za amisiri ndi amene ali ndi udindo wozengereza kukonza, magwero a ndalama.

Polongosola mwachidule

Chomaliza - yokonza lipoti mabwana kampani. Amene zigawo ayenera muli?

1. zolemba mwachidule ndi mwatsatanetsatane za phunzirolo.
2. zomwe zingatichititse zopindika kupanga / ntchito zipangizo ndi ntchito zamakono.
3. List of zotsatira zotheka kwa antchito ndi ogula - lililonse kuphwanya.
4. Kuona mlingo wa chiopsezo (monga momwe kuopsa kuyan'anila zotheka, ndani wa iwo akhoza kuyambitsa mavuto aakulu).
5. A mndandanda wa malangizo kwa utumiki kukonza okonza ndi akatswiri mu munda wa mapulani.
6. Ndandanda ndi nkhani wozengereza zochita kukonza potengera zotsatira kusanthula.
7. Mndandanda kuwaopseza kuthekera ndi mavuto amene amalimbikira chifukwa kusintha ntchitoyo.

Ndi lipoti magome onse, chintchito ndi zithunzi, amene ntchito zowonera a nkhani pa nkhani yaikulu. A gulu ntchito ayenera kupereka umboni kuwunika dera ntchito kufunika, pafupipafupi ndi Mwina kudziwika ndi decoding mwatsatanetsatane lonse (kutanthauza wina kuchuluka kwa mfundo).

Kodi kumaliza FMEA protocol?

Mu phunziro, deta onse alembedwa chikalata wapadera. Izi "Protocol kusanthula zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira za FMEA». Iye tebulo zogwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, omwe analowa mfundo zonse za zopindika zotheka. fomu iyi ndi oyenera kuphunzira zinthu zonse dongosolo ndi ndondomeko m'mafakitale onse.

Mbali yoyamba ladzala zochokera kuzipenya munthu wa mamembala gulu kuphunzira ziwerengero malonda, malangizo ntchito ndi zolembedwa zina. Ntchito yaikulu - kuzindikira kuti Vuto ndi makina, kapena kuchita ntchito iliyonse. Pamisonkhano ya gulu ntchito ndi kuwunika zotsatira za kuyan'anila izi, kuyankha momwe amakhala oopsa kwa ogwira ntchito ndi ogula, ndipo kodi n'kutheka kuti chilema adzakhala wapezeka ngakhale pa siteji yopanga.

Mu gawo lachiwiri la protocol anafotokoza njira za kupewa ndi kuchotsa umboni, mndandanda wa miyeso cholinga FMEA-timu. A Zithunzi osiyana amaperekedwa kwa woika udindo kukhazikitsa ntchito zina, ndipo pambuyo kusintha kapangidwe kapena ndondomeko malonda, mfundo gulu mutu mu mndandanda protocol ntchito ananyongedwa. Chomaliza - kukonzanso kuwunikira, kutenga nkhani kusintha onse. Poyerekeza ziwerengero koyamba ndi womaliza, tinganene za mphamvu ya strategy wosankhika.

Pakuti aliyense chinthu, ndi protocol osiyana. Pamwamba ndi dzina la bukuli - ". Analysis mitundu ndi zotsatira vuto angathe" Basi pansipa chitsanzo mwachindunji zida kapena dzina ndondomeko, tsiku la yapita ndipo wotsatira (inakonzedwa) chiphasochi, tsiku zatsopano ndiponso anasaina a ziwalo zonse za gululi ntchito ndi mtsogoleri wake.

CHITSANZO FMEA-kusanthula ( "Tulinovsky Chida Making Bzalani")

Taganizirani mmene ndondomeko ya mumayesto mavuto angathe zinachitikira lalikulu makampani Russian mafakitale. Pa nthawi ina, utsogoleri wa "Tulinovskogo chida yopanga" (JSC "TVES") anakumana ndi vuto la calibration mamba amagetsi. The ogwira umabala Ambiri mwa zida molakwa zikugwira ntchito kuti luso ulamuliro dipatimenti anakakamizika kutumiza iwo kumbuyo.

Ataphunzira ndondomeko ya zochita zake ndi zofunika calibration ndondomeko FMEA timu kuzindikiridwa anayi boma ndondomeko, ndi chikoka chachikulu pa khalidwe ndi lolondola calibration lapansi.

• chikusuntha unsembe wa chipangizo pa gome;
• poona udindo wa msinkhu (bwino ayenera pabwino horizontally 100%);
• kaikidwe ka katundu mu mfundo Buku la nsanja;
• kujambula wa chizindikiro pafupipafupi.

Kodi ndi mitundu iti ya zolephera ndi malfunctions analembedwa ntchito za ntchito imeneyi? Gulu Ntchito anazindikira kuopsa chachikulu, kusanthula zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira zotheka. Pamaziko a katswiri kuwunika zizindikiro HRR anali masamu, kupanga n'zotheka kudziwa chachikulu vuto - chosowa zizitheka kuwongolera pa ntchito yolalikira ndipo boma la zipangizo (benchi, miyeso).

Kuthetsa malangizo chiopsezo cha maphunziro owonjezera antchito yapangidwa, kusinthidwa countertop kuima ndi kugula wapadera mpukutu chidebe kwa magalimoto muyezo. Purchase a kapezedwe uninterruptible mphamvu kuthetsedwa vuto la imfa deta. Ndipo pofuna kupewa pakutchulidwa mavuto ndi kuwunikira m'tsogolo, gulu ntchito anaganiza zochitira yokonza latsopano ndi chizolowezi calibration kulemera - anayamba macheke kawirikawiri, potero kuwonongeka ndi zolephera angathe kuonedwa kale kwambiri.