Andakatulo Symbolist ndi ntchito zawo

Ophiphiritsa - buku kayendedwe chinayambira m'zaka za m'ma mochedwa 19 ku France ndipo anagawira m'mayiko ambiri European. Komabe, mwa zizindikiro Russian wakhala kwambiri ndi zikuluzikulu chodabwitsa. Russian Symbolist andakatulo anayambitsa m'dera limeneli ndi chinachake chatsopano, chinachake chimene sichinali mwa akapolo anzawo akale French. Imodzi ndi maonekedwe a ophiphiritsa akuyamba Silver Age mabuku Russian. Koma ine ndiyenera kuti mu Russia panalibe sukulu imodzi azimuth modernist, panalibe umodzi wa zachikunja, kalembedwe wina. Zilandiridwenso Symbolist ndakatulo chinthu chimodzi chofanana: sakhulupirira mawu wamba, chilakolako zowonetseredwa ndi zizindikiro ndi nthano.

ikuyenda ophiphiritsa

Ndi gulu zolembalemba za malo maganizo ndi nthawi mapangidwe zimagawidwa mu magawo awiri. Anaonekera mu 1890s Symbolist alakatuli mndandanda wa womwenso kanjedza monga Balmont, Gippius, Bryusov, Sologub, Merezhkovsky, amatchedwa "mkulu". Mu 1900s oyambirira, malangizo ladzala ndi mphamvu zatsopano, kwambiri kusintha maonekedwe ake. Bakuman "junior" Symbolist andakatulo monga Ivanov, Blok, Bely. Yoweyula yachiwiri otaya amatchedwa mladosimvolizmom.

Abale oimira "wamkulu" sukulu anatenga izo gulu mabuku mawu zokongoletsa. Balmont ndi Bruce anafotokoza maganizo kuti ndakatulo - makamaka mlengi wa mfundo chinthu luso zaumwini. "Wamng'ono" andakatulo aona mu mbali chipembedzo ndi nzeru za anthu. Philosophy, refracted mu chikumbumtima ndakatulo - kutanthauza maganizo awo, ikuimira. Poety Symbolist m'badwo wachiwiri ankatsogoleranso Sergeem Solovevym, Innokentiem Annenskim ndi ena.

"Senior" Symbolists

Mu Russia ndi gulu zolembalemba analengeza yokha mu mochedwa 1890s. Mu Moscow, pa chiyambi cha ophiphiritsa anali Valeriy Bryusov, ndi St. Petersburg - wotchedwa Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Koma chidwi kwambiri ndi kwakukulu woimira ophiphiritsa sukulu oyambirira mu mzinda pa Neva anali Alexander Dobrolyubov. Wodzikonda ndipo kopanda magulu onse modernist analenga dziko lake ndakatulo wina Russian symbolist ndakatulo - Fedor Sologub.

Koma mwina kwambiri angathe kuwaŵerenga, nyimbo ndi sonorous panthawiyi ndakatulo ya Konstantin Balmont. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19, izo momveka bwino kuti "kufunafuna correspondences" pakati tanthauzo, mtundu bwino. maganizo ofanana anakumana Rimbaud ndi Baudelaire, ndipo kenako mu andakatulo ambiri Russian, monga Block, Bruce Khlebnikov, Kuzmin. Balmont kafukufuku correspondences anawona makamaka chilengedwe cha phokoso-kutanthauza mawu - music, akubereka tanthauzo. Ndakatulo zvukopisi adatengedwa, anayamba ntchito ntchito za adjectives zokongola m'malo kasewenzetsedwe ka mau, chifukwa polenga, monga anachitira otsutsa, pafupifupi wopanda tanthauzo la ndakatulo. Komabe, zodabwitsazi ndakatulo zinachititsa kuti pamapeto pake mapangidwe mfundo zatsopano ndakatulo imene melodeclamation, zachabechabe, zvukopis.

"Wamng'ono" Symbolist andakatulo

M'badwo wachiwiri wa Symbolist andakatulo ikukhudzana, woyamba anayamba kufalitsa mu 1900s ndi. Mwa iwo onse anali wamng'ono kwambiri olemba, monga Andrey Bely, Sergei Solovyov, Alexander Blok ndi anthu olemekezeka, mwachitsanzo, wasayansi Vyacheslav Ivanov, mkulu wa masewera olimbitsa thupi Innokentiy Annensky.

Mu St. Petersburg, mu nthawi ya "malo" wa ophiphiritsa a linali lathyathya Ivanov pa ngodya ya msewu Tauris, kumene nthawi imodzi yomwe M. Kuzmin, A. White, A. Mintslova, V. Khlebnikov, panali Berdyaev, Anna Akhmatova, Blok, Lunacharsky. Mu Moscow Symbolist andakatulo anasonkhana bolodi mkonzi wa yofalitsa "chinkhanira", mkonzi wamkulu amene anali Bryusov. Apa anakonza Mabaibulo yotchuka symbolist kope - "Kusamala". Ogwira ntchito za "zinkhanira" anali olemba monga K. Balmont, A. White, J. Baltrušaitis, A. Remizov, F. Sologub, Blok, M. Voloshin ndi ena.

ophiphiritsa makamaka oyambirira

Mu Russia, mapeto a 19 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 20. Iyo inali nthawi ya kusintha, kukhumudwa wachisoni maula ndi suspense. Nthawi imeneyi, icho sichikanakhoza ankaona kuti njira ya dongosolo ndale komanso imfa wogwila. Zimenezi sanathe koma zimakhudza Russian ndakatulo. Ndakatulo symbolist andakatulo zinaphatikizana monga ndakatulo unachitikira pankhaniyi. Mwachitsanzo, olemba monga D. Merezhkovsky ndi N. Minsky, poyamba anali oimira ndakatulo woganizirana, ndipo anayamba kuganizira lingaliro la "anthu opembedza" ndi "mulungu zomanga". "Senior" Symbolists sanamuzindikire chenicheni cha dziko loyandikira ndipo anati "ayi." Choncho, Bruce analemba kuti: "Ine sindikuwona zenizeni wathu, sindikudziwa za zana lino ..." Oimira oyambirira a chenicheni panopa anasiyanitsa dziko la zilandiridwenso ndi maloto, amene munthu amakhala mfulu kwathunthu, koma zenizeni iwo ankafotokozedwa kuzimiririka, zoyipa ndi Kukomoka.

Kwambiri kuti andakatulo anali luso luso - akatembenuka matanthauzo a mawu, rhymes chitukuko, kayimbidwe kotani, ndi zina zotero. "Senior" Symbolists anali Impressionists, kuyesetsa kusonyeza mokoma mochenjera zidindo, lokhala wosasangalala. Iwo alibe ntchito ka zizindikiro, koma mawu ngati wataya mtengo wake ndipo anakhala kwambiri yekha quality phokoso, zolemba nyimbo, kugwirizana pomanga wonse wa ndakatuloyi.

mumaganiza latsopano

Mu 1901-1904 gg. anayamba gawo latsopano mu mbiri ya ophiphiritsa, ndipo chinachitikira ndi kuchuluka chosintha mu Russia. mtima woipa ouziridwa 1890s anapereka njira kwa premonition a "kusintha kudzayambitsa". Panthawi imeneyi, powonekera zolembalemba anaonekera mladosimvolisty Otsatira a ndakatulo Vladimir Solovyov, amene waona lapansi lakale anangotsala pang'ono kufa, ndipo anati, "chopulumutsa dziko" ayenera kukhala wokongola Mulungu polumikiza chiyambi cha moyo wakumwamba cha chuma, padziko lapansi. Mu ntchito za Symbolist andakatulo anayamba kuoneka maganizo pafupipafupi, koma si monga, koma ngati njira kuzindikira maganizo. Chotero, m'mavesi zonse amakumana kufotokoza momvetsa chisoni-Russian autumn, pamene dzuwa sumanyezimira kapena chitaya pansi monga chisoni wotumbululuka cheza kugwa mofewa kaphokoso masamba, ndi chirichonse waphimbika mu Chifunga rippling.

Ndi ankakonda motif a "wamng'ono" symbolists unali mzinda. Iwo anamuonetsa monga wamoyo ndi khalidwe yake, ndi maonekedwe ake. Kawirikawiri kuonekera mzinda, ngati malo atsoka, misala, wachiwiri chizindikiro ndi callousness.

Symbolists ndi utasintha

Mu 1905-1907, pamene ulimi anayamba, ikuimira lasinthidwa kachiwiri. andakatulo ambiri alabadira zinthu zimenezo. Choncho, Bruce analemba wotchuka ndakatulo "Kudza Huns" imene nalemekeza kutha kwa dziko lakale, koma adawerengedwa kwa iye, ndipo ine ndekha, ndipo anthu onse amene anali mu nthawi ya kufa, ndi chikhalidwe akale. Unit ntchito zawo kulenga zithunzi za dziko latsopano la anthu. Mu 1906 Sologub anatulutsa buku "Mama" andakatulo, ndipo mu 1907 Balmont analemba mndandanda wa ndakatulo, "Songs mwa wobwezera" - Kutolere inafalitsidwa mu Paris ndipo yoletsedwa ku Russia.

Kutha kwa ophiphiritsa

Pa nthawi ino anasintha kumvetsa luso la dziko la Symbolists. Ngati iwo anazindikira kukongola ngati chiyanjano, koma tsopano iwo anapeza kugwirizana ndi zinthu wowerengeka, ndi chisokonezeko cha nkhondo. Kumapeto kwa khumi zoyambirira za m'ma 20, ikuimira anali ikuchepa osatinso mayina atsopano. Onse yotheka, wolimba, wamng'ono anali kale mu icho, ngakhale ena zidutswa adakali analenga Symbolist ndakatulo.

List woyimba lalikulu, kuimira ophiphiritsa mabuku

• Innokentiy Annensky;
• Jurgis Baltrušaitis ;
• Valeriy Bryusov;
• Zinaida Gippius;
• Fedor Sologub;
• Konstantin Balmont;
• Alexander Tinyakov;
• Wilhelm Zorgenfrey;
• Alexander Dobrolyubov;
• Viktor Strazhev;
• Andrey Bely;
• Konstantin Fofanov;
• Vyacheslav Ivanov;
• Alexander Blok;
• Georgy Chulkov;
• Wotchedwa Dmitry Merezhkovsky;
• Ivan Konevskaya;
• Vladimir Piast;
• Poliksena Soloveva;
• Ivan Rukavishnikov.