Anthology nzeru za dziko. wakale East

"Anthology la World Philosophy", lofalitsidwa mu 1969, ongokhala 4 mabuku, kumaphatikizapo anasankha ntchito za anzeru omwe potengera chitukuko cha nzeru dziko kuyambira kale mpaka pano.

"Anthology" amapereka mwayi kwa aliyense kuti bwino katswiri wa anzeru ndi kumvetsa lalikulu zolembalemba cholowa.

Chifukwa cha chopereka bwino malemba, "Anthology la World Philosophy" limapereka chithunzi thunzi chokwanira cha Zochita zosiyanasiyana. Mayiko chopereka kwagona kuti buku mokwanira zazing'ono mfundo yofunika kwambiri zapamwamba za anthu, kotero owerenga akhoza mu nthawi yaifupi kuti Kuganizira wolemba makamaka kapena malangizo.

Gawo loyamba la "Anthology" ndi odzipereka kwa manda akale ndi Zapakati. Tiyeni tikambirane makhalidwe a nzeru a kum'mawa kalelo.

Akukhulupirira kuti nzeru anabadwa pa nthawi imene m'malo wosazindikira dongosolo limodzi anabwera dziko loyamba.

Tikhoza kunena kuti poyamba miyambo nzeru aumbike mwa India wakale. Manda choyamba chibwenzi kuyambira chiyambi cha yachiwiri Zakachikwi BC. Pa nthawi yomweyo pali chitukuko cha nzeru ku China wakale ndi Egypt. Ponena za iwowa, ndiye apa si kumatikumbutsabe ya m'madera kudziwa zina, osati za chikhalidwe kwathunthu.

Pa nzeru za India wakale anakopeka ndi kapangidwe Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira a anthu.

M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti dofilosofskie chidziwitso cha dziko wakale anali m'nthano khalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, mu India, gwero loyamba maganizo tinganene kuti otchedwa Vedas. Ichi ndi zopereka malemba, kuphatikizapo makombo a nthano zakale ndi mfiti, oyesa Brahmins (ansembe).

Otchedwa Vedas zigwirizana mbali zinayi izi: Atharva - limatchula Yajurveda - chilinganizo nsembe, Sama - nyimbo Rigveda - nyimbo.

Chakumapeto kwa wachiwiri Zakachikwi BC, pali "Upanishads" - malemba nzeru zaumunthu, izi zikusonyeza kusaka woona kudziwa. Apa, mbali yaikulu ya nzeru Indian - kubadwanso, Karma, ndi umodzi wa Self (dziko moyo) ndi Brahman. moyo World - ndi ode kwa aliyense. Mu Upanishads izo zinanenedwa cholinga chachikulu cha moyo wa munthu, umene ndi kutulutsidwa kwa Self ku chophimba kunja.

Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 6 BC, ndi nthawi kachitidwe chakale nzeru zaumunthu, amene anagawa ndi akatswiri a masiku ano ziphunzitso chikale zochokera otchedwa Vedas, ndi wotsutsa chi Orthodox kumakana kumvetsa monga limatiphunzitsa zambiri zokhudza.

"Anthology la World Philosophy" asamalira otchedwa Vedas ndi Upanishads monga magwero a chidziwitso wakale. Pano pali masiku (makamaka chuma) view nzeru wakale. Mwachitsanzo, iwo ananena kuti, anthu akale Pamlingo ochepa kuzindikiridwa ntchito zawo ndi maganizo sayansi. Chotero kugwirizana adzaoneka okha ku Greece.

Pa nthawi ya chitukuko nzeru zaumunthu ganizo India limafotokoza kugwirizana kwake ndi masamu, chitukuko chimene wafika mkulu mlingo pano, ndipo ngakhale kuposa kukwaniritsa Greece wakale.

"Anthology la World Philosophy" (Volume 1) komanso kuganizira miyambo ya nthanthi ya China akale amene angathe kugawidwa m'mbali zingapo. Choyamba, izo protofilosofsky imene misewu imeneyi analengedwa ndi "Book of History", "Book of Kusintha", "Book of Songs". Ancient nzeru ena Chinese kenako anasolola kudzoza kwa zinthu zimenezi.

The nthawi yachiwiri amatchedwa nzeru zachilengedwe, pamene anaphedwa lingaliro Mzimuyo nzeru Chinese - chiphunzitso cha yin ndi yang (wamkazi ndi wamphongo, mgwirizano wawo mu vuto la mphamvu ya moyo).

Chachitatu nyengo - "The Golden Age nzeru za Chinese" ndi mapangidwe ambiri a sukulu, monga Chitao, Chikomfyushani, ndi moizm ena.

Nthawi chachinayi zinali zodzaza ndi mavuto waukulu. Panthawi imeneyi, moyo wauzimu wa China avutika pa boma. malo ambiri, kunyongedwa nzeru ena anawonongedwa.

Ndipo potsiriza, nyengo yachisanu amakhala ndi kaphatikizidwe ziphunzitso zofunika kwambiri ndi zikamera wa Neo-Chikomfyushani.

Mu Buku loyamba la "Anthology" akupereka manda a nzeru wakale Greek ndi akale.

Ngakhale kuti "Anthology wa dziko nzeru" linasindikizidwa mu 1969, izo sasiya kufunika kwake, ndipo mpaka pano, chifukwa ntchito pano alidi wosafa ndipo adzakhala kufunika panthawi iliyonse.