Asidi Hydrobromic. Njira kukonzekera, thupi ndi katundu mankhwala

asidi Hydrobromic (wochedwanso bromide wa hydrogen) - ndi pawiri zochita kupanga a haidrojini (H) ndi bromine (br). Ndi mpweya colorless, amene ndipamene chifunga wandiweyani mu mlengalenga lonyowa.

Kodi njira yodalirika bromide wa hydrogen Kodi

Chifukwa cha digiri yapamwamba asidi oxidizability bromovodoronoy, zotsatira zake sungagulire mwa moyikirapo sulfuric asidi kuti bromides soda zitsulo. Anachita izi zikachitika:

2KBr (potaziyamu bromide) + 2N2SO4 (asidi sulfuric) = K2SO4 (potaziyamu sulfate) + SO2 (okusayidi sulfure) + Br2 (bromine molekyulu) + 2H2O (madzi)

1. zidulo makampani kupeza monga hydrobromic, imene anachita imene zinthu constituent anatani. Mwachitsanzo, tiganizire chinthu akhoza kuwapeza motere:

H2 (haidrojeni molekyulu) + Br2 (bromine molekyulu) = 2HBr (asidi hydrobromic)

Zimenezi ndi zotheka pa kutentha madigiri 200 400.

2. Ndi zotheka kupeza asidi hydrobromic mu m'galasi ndiponso m'njira zingapo.

- by hydrolysis pentabromide kapena phosphorous tribromide:

PBr3 (tribromide) + 3H2O (mamolekyulu madzi atatu) = H3PO3 (phosphoric acid) + 3HBr (asidi hydrobromic, mankhwala chilinganizo)
PBr5 (pentabromide) + 4H2O (mamolekyulu madzi anayi) = H3PO4 (phosphoric acid) + 5HBr (bromide wa hydrogen)

- ndi kuchepetsa bromine:

3Br2 (mamolekyulu atatu bromine) + S (sulfure) + 4H2O (madzi) = (anachita ndi zotheka pa kutentha madigiri 100-150) H2SO4 (asidi sulfuric) + 6HBr (bromide wa hydrogen)
3Br2 (mamolekyulu atatu bromine) + KNO2 (potaziyamu nitrite) + 4H2O (madzi) = KNO3 (nitrate potaziyamu) + 2HBr (bromide wa hydrogen)

- chimakankhira zikutanthauza acid kuchepetsa kuchokera bromides soda zitsulo:

KBr (potaziyamu bromide) + H2SO4 (asidi sulfuric) = KHSO4 (potaziyamu hydrogensulfate) + HBr (anamasulidwa monga mpweya)

3. Monga chochokera bromide wa hydrogen akhoza zopezera kaphatikizidwe wa mankhwala organic bromoproizvodnyh.

The thupi katundu wa bromide wa hydrogen:

1. hydrobromic asidi - mpweya popanda mtundu ndi chinthu chosangalatsa fungo ndi Fungo lamphamvu lamankhwala. Mwamphamvu amasuta mu mlengalenga. Iwo ali kukana mkulu kutentha.

2. Chabwino kusungunuka H2O (madzi), ndi Mowa kupanga electrolyte. The amadzimadzi HBr njira imapanga azeotrope kuti zithupsa pa kutentha madigiri 124. Mu lita imodzi ya madzi amasungunula pafupifupi lita theka la bromide wa hydrogen (pa 0 madigiri).

3. Njira yozizira ndi amadzimadzi njira ya bromide wa hydrogen crystalline hydrates akhoza anakonza motere: HBr * H2O, HBr * 2H2O, HBr * 4H2O.

4. Oyera bromide mitundu timibulu dongosolo orthorhombic Krustalo, danga gulu F mmm.

5. Pa kutentha madigiri -66,8 amakhala madzi, ndi pa - 87 madigiri solidifies.

Chemical katundu wa bromide wa hydrogen:

1. hydrobromic mitundu asidi mwa kuchita ndi madzi asidi wolimba monobasic. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa motere:

HBr + H2O (madzi) = Br- (bromine anion) + H3O + (hydronium ion)

2. Nkhanizi kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha Komabe, pa 1000 madigiri za 0.5% ya mamolekyulu onse linakwiriridwa:

2HBr (hydrobromic acid) = H2 (molekyulu wa hydrogen) + Br2 (bromine molekyulu)

3. Akuti kukhudzana pawiri mankhwala amachitira ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za zitsulo komanso zapansi awo ndi oxides. Zitsanzo za zochita:

2HBr + MG (magnesium) = MgBr2 (magnesium bromide) + H2 (anamasulidwa monga mpweya)
2HBr + CaO (kashiamu okusayidi) = CaBr2 (kashiamu bromide) + H2O (madzi)
HBr + NaOH (ndi sodium hydroxide) = NaBr (sodium wochuluka bromide) + H2O (madzi)

4. bromide ndi wothandizila kuchepetsa. Iwo oxidized mu mpweya pang'onopang'ono. Pachifukwa ichi, njira zake amadzimadzi patapita kanthawi utoto bulauni. Zimene udzakhala wakuti:

4HBr (asidi hydrobromic) + O2 (mpweya molekyulu) = 2Br2 (bromine molekyulu) + 2H2O (madzi)

ntchito

Bromide ntchito kulenga (kaphatikizidwe) wa zotumphukira zosiyanasiyana organic bromine ndi ntchito yokonza bromides zosiyanasiyana zitsulo. Chofunika kwambiri ndi siliva bromide akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito yopanga zipangizo filimu Zithunzi.

Kodi mayendedwe

The zonenepa 68, kapena capacitance cha malita 6.8 opanikizika wa atmospheres 24.