Phenotypic kusintha ndi katundu

Phenotypic kusintha - njira zofunika kwambiri kuti amalola kuti thupi kupulumuka. Ndi kuyamika ake kuti lye ndiwokwanitsa kuti azolowere zinthu zachilengedwe.

kusinthidwa Choyamba masiyanidwe a zamoyo wakhala mwaona maphunziro a Charles Darwin. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti chifukwa pali kusankha zachilengedwe kuthengo.

Phenotypic kusintha ndi makhalidwe aika

Ndi palibe chinsinsi kuti pa zamoyo wa zamoyo ndi zikusintha, kusinthasintha kupulumuka mu chilengedwe kunja. Zikamera wa mtundu watsopano chinaperekedwa ndi zifukwa zingapo - kusintha cholowa zinthu kapangidwe (genotypic masiyanidwe), komanso kuoneka katundu latsopano, lomwe yotheka chamoyo pamene kusintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe.

Phenotypic kusintha lili ndi zinthu zingapo:

• Choyamba, mu mawonekedwe okha anakhudzidwa fenotayipi - mndandanda wa makhalidwe maonekedwe ndi katundu wa zamoyo. zakuthupi majini sasintha. Mwachitsanzo, anthu awiri a nyama zimene zimakhala mu mapangidwe osiyana, ndi ena osiyana maonekedwe, ngakhale kuti genotype zofanana.
• Komano, ndi masiyanidwe phenotypic ndi khalidwe gulu. Kusintha kapangidwe ndi katundu wa zamoyo zonse zimachitika anthu anapatsidwa. Yerekezerani ndi ofunika kuti kusintha kwa genotype wa umodzi ndi lachibadwa.
• Kusinthidwa masiyanidwe kusintha. Ngati inu kuchotsa zinthu zitatu zimenezi imeneyo chikwiyire zimachitika pa mbali ya thupi, pa mbali nthawi idzapita.
• kusintha Phenotypic si wobadwa nawo, mosiyana zosintha chibadwa.

Phenotypic masiyanidwe ndi mlingo wa anachita

Monga tanenera kale, kusintha phenotypic si chifukwa cha kusinthidwa iliyonse majini. Choyamba ndi mmene genotype anachita zinthu zachilengedwe. Pankhaniyi, mwini ya chibadwa, koma mphamvu ya matenda awo.

Kumene, kusintha kumeneku ndi malire awo amene ayitanidwa yachibadwa anachita. mchitidwe wachibadwa - osiyanasiyana yofanana n'kotheka amene amasankha options okhawo amene adzakhala oyenerera kwa deta zinthu zina. mlingo Izi zimatengera nzeru genotype, ndipo ali chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi yake malire.

Phenotypic kusintha ndi gulu lake

Inde, kufanizitsa wa masiyanidwe ndi wachibale kwambiri chifukwa njira zonse ndi magawo a chitukuko cha chamoyo akadali asanamvetsetse. Komabe, zosintha anawagawa m'magulu, malingana ndi makhalidwe ena.

Ngati ife kuganizira zizindikiro wosinthika za thupi, iwo akhoza kugawidwa:

• Morphological (kusinthidwa maonekedwe a thupi, mwachitsanzo, kachulukidwe ndi mtundu wa nkhosa).
• Thupi (pali kusintha kagayidwe ndi makhalidwe thupi la chamoyo, monga munthu, kukwera mapiri, nambala ya maselo ofiira ukuwonjezeka kwambiri).

Ndi nthawi olekanitsidwa zosintha:

• Noninheritable - kusintha alipo mu munthu mmodzi kapena anthu amene akhala mwachindunji anakhudzidwa ndi malo akunja.
• kusinthidwa yaitali - kulankhula za iwo pamene anapeza anatengera mbewu opatsirana ndi kusungidwa kwa zina mibadwo 1-3.

Palinso njira zina masiyanidwe phenotypic, amene si nthawi zonse mtengo womwewo;

• Kusinthidwa - ndi kusintha zimene thupi ntchito, azolowere ndi kupereka uziyenda yachibadwa chilengedwe.
• Morphosis - anthu kusintha fenotayipi, zimachitika mchikakamizo cha aukali, zinthu kwambiri zachilengedwe. Apa masiyanidwe umaposa wa ponseponse zotani , ndipo ngakhale kuyambitsa imfa ya chamoyo.