BMW: Mbiri ya chiyambi cha mtunduwu. Cars ndi njinga zamoto

magalimoto German zimadziwika chifukwa magwiridwe awo ndi zothandiza mu dziko. The olemekezeka mtundu wa BMW, umene umabala osati sayansi yokha, komanso galimoto moona wapamwamba. N'zochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi zovuta mbiri, kukuchitika zoposa nthawi ya zaka zana. Lililonse kuonera mtundu adzakhala zothandiza kudziwa ake. Njira kwa kupanga ndege injini kuti ulimi wa supercars zina zamakono amasangalala.

Zikamera wa makampani

The kampani BMW ili mu Munich. Apa pali likulu, pamene pali kafukufuku akutsatiridwa. mbiri anayamba mu mzinda uno. Mu 1913 Karl Rapp ndi Gustav Otto anatsegula Makampani tiwiri masitolo kunja kwa mzinda wakumpoto wa Munich. Iwo apadera kupanga injini ndege. A kampani zochepa yosayenera kwa mpikisano mu msika, choncho kampani posachedwapa ogwirizana. Dzina kwa kupanga latsopano zikumveka ngati Bayerische Flugzeug-Werke, kutanthauza "Bavarian ndege zomera". Anayambitsa BMW - Gustav Otto - anali mwana wa anayambitsa injini kuyaka mkati, ndipo Rapp anali katswiri pa choncho, kotero kampani anali kupita bwino.

kusintha mfundo

Mu September 1917, kupangidwa ndi lodziwika bwino woyera ndi buluu chizindikiro mawonekedwe chonse, izo akadali ntchito ndi BMW. Mbiri ya ndege ankanena za m'mbuyomu: chithunzi likuimira ndege tinakwera, chimene chikuoneka pa maziko a lakumwamba buluu. Komanso, woyera ndi buluu ndi mitundu chikhalidwe Bavaria. Monga tanena kale, gulu poyamba analengedwa kwa kupanga injini ndege, panalibe ngakhale dzina la makono a BMW. Mbiri ya mtundu wapita njira zina pambuyo First World nkhondo. Malinga ndi Pangano la Versailles, Germany sakanakhoza kuchita kupanga ndege, ndi oyambitsa anafunika kusintha kupanga. Ndiye mtundu ndipo anatenga dzina latsopano. M'malo mpweya pakati panali mawu Motorische, amene kunayamba kupanga mtundu wina wa zida. Pansi pa dzina ili, mafani kudziwa kampani ndi lero.

zamoto mtundu

Choyamba, mbewu anayamba kufalitsa mabuleki kwa sitima. Pambuyo pake panali BMW njinga zamoto: woyamba pa mzere msonkhano mu 1923. kampani ndege poyamba bwino kwambiri; mmodzi wa zitsanzo ngakhale kumenya okwera umboni, motero, kuti cholengedwa chatsopano chidwi omvera. MOTOBIKE 1923 Paris, anali ola lake abwino: BMW njinga zamoto anasonyeza kuti odalirika ndi kusala, abwino kwa mpikisanowu. Mu 1928th oyambitsa anagula woyamba galimoto fakitale Thuringia ndipo anaganiza kuyamba latsopano kupanga - makina yopanga. Koma nkhani ya njinga yamoto sanaleke M'malo mwake, zitsanzo latsopano n'ngotchukabe lero, basi gawo magalimoto zambiri yaikulu Choncho n'kofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha Group. Komabe, mafani a mtunduwu amene amakonda kwambiri atakwera kavalo awiri mawiro ndi kuonerera zinthu njinga zamoto ndi galimoto pamsewu - kodi si zachilendo.

midget Dixi

The magalimoto woyamba BMW akhala kale mu 1929. The chitsanzo latsopano ina yaing'ono-kusamutsidwa - ngati anapangidwa UK pansi pa dzina Austin 7. mmasate ndi, magalimoto awa ntchito kufunika zosaneneka pakati pa anthu a ku Ulaya. mavuto azachuma anatsogolera chakuti galimoto yaing'ono anali kwambiri angakwanitse kusankha. Woyamba wapadera chitsanzo kwa BMW, kwathunthu yapangidwa Germany, chinaperekedwa kwa anthu mu April 1932. Galimoto 3/15 PS injini chinasiyana ndi twente-ndiyamphamvu ndi kufulumizitsa kuti makilomita makumi asanu ndi atatu pa ora. Lachitsanzo anakhala bwino, ndipo anali kale momveka bwino kuti BMW baji likuimira wopanda khalidwe. zinthu adzatsala zikutsatiridwa m'mbiri ya mtundu Bavarian.

Zikamera wa mwatsatanetsatane

Mu 1933 magalimoto BMW anali kale, koma usanakhale mosavuta maonekedwe. Kusintha zinthu anathandiza chitsanzo 303. galimoto Izi ndi wamphamvu injini asanu yamphamvu anali lowonjezera ndi khalidwe Redieta grille, lomwe m'tsogolo adzakhala lililonse kapangidwe mchitidwe mtunduwu. Dziko 1932nd anaphunzira chitsanzo 328. The woyamba BMW magalimoto anali ofanana ndi makina ndi yojambula m'munda wa magalimoto masewera. maonekedwe ake wathandiza zopanga lingaliro la mtundu, tsiku ndi tsopano "Galimoto -. dalaivala ' Yerekezerani waukulu German mpikisano - ndi "Mercedes-Benz" - ayenera kukhala lingaliro la "galimoto -. Okwana" mphindi ino anali chinsinsi BMW. Mbiri ya mtundu chinayamba pa kofulumiraku, kusonyeza akalowa bwino.

Panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri

Model 328 anapambana pa mafuko a mitundu yosiyanasiyana: masewera, zozungulira, mpikisano kuukitsa phiri. Kopitilira muyeso-kuwala magalimoto BMW anali wopambana mpikisano Italy ndipo anasiya zopangidwa zina zonse zinakhalapo pa nthawi imeneyo. Zonsezi zapangitsa chakuti pa chiyambi cha Wachiwiri World BMW anali kampani odziwika bwino kwambiri ndipo anayamba mu dziko ndi cholinga pa zitsanzo masewera. Bavarian Motors fakitale akonzedwa mbiri. Zamoto ndi magalimoto BMW anayamba liwiro sikunachitekepo patsogolo. Koma nthawi pambuyo nkhondo walenga nkhawa chifukwa yovuta. zoletsa zambiri pa ulimi kuti kuchichepetsa zinthu zake zachuma. Karl Rapp kwambiri anayamba kuchokera zikande ndipo anayamba kupanga njinga zamoto kuwala imene anasonkhana zinthu pafupifupi achikale. Search chifukwa cha njira zatsopano ndi njira anakhala munthu woyamba positi-nkhondo chitsanzo 501. Izo sizinali bwino, koma wotsatira Baibulo pa nambala 502 Podutsira zinali zambiri za sayansi zikomo za- injini ya aloyi zotayidwa. Galimoto ntchito kufunika zosaneneka: anali agile, capacious chokwanira nthawi lake ndipo ankapereka pa mtengo angakwanitse kuti pafupifupi German wogula.

kukwera latsopano pamwamba

The 1955th unayambitsidwa yopanga magalimoto ochepera dzina la "Isetta". Icho chinali chimodzi cha zolengedwa kwambiri kufika pa gulu - kusokonezeka a njinga yamoto ndi galimoto matayala atatu, ndi chitseko kutsogolo. Mu dziko losauka nkhondo itatha, galimoto angakwanitse analenga furor. Koma kwafalikira chuma zinachititsa kuti kufunika kwa makina aakulu, ndipo kampani anali kuopsezedwa. The kampani "Mercedes-Benz" anayamba kukonzekera kugula gulu, koma izi sizinachitike. Kale mu 1956, kubwera pa msonkhano mzere masewera chitsanzo 507 analengedwa ndi mlengi Goertz. Market zingapo zimene mungachite kasinthidwe akhala akufuna: a hardtop ndi roadster mtundu. The eyiti yamphamvu injini ndi mphamvu ndiyamphamvu zana ndi makumi asanu amalola galimoto imathandizira kuti makilomita mazana awiri ndi makumi awiri pa ora. Wopambana chitsanzo anabwerera bwino kampani ndipo amaona imodzi mwa magalimoto yabwino ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri mpesa. Zocitika za kampaniyo BMW, amene mbiri m'gulu mavuto angapo kachiwiri bwinobwino anapitiriza.

zitsanzo latsopano ndi makalasi galimoto

BMW chizindikiro kugwirizana ndi kupambana ndi kugonjetsedwa. Chiyambi cha zaka zao za sikisite sanali wopanda mitambo nkhawa. Pachimake mavuto pambuyo kulephera kwa kukhazikika lalikulu gawo galimoto linasintha pambuyo kuoneka chitsanzo 700, nthawi yoyamba ntchito dongosolo mpweya kuzirala. makina anali kupambana china chachikulu ndi kuthandiza nkhawa potsiriza kuthetsa yovuta. The Coupe buku la magalimoto awa anathandiza BMW mtundu ndi kubwerera kulembamo: kupambana masewera sanali kutali. Gulu 1962nd anamasulidwa chitsanzo cha latsopano kalasi kuti Chili ndi sporty ndi yaying'ono Mabaibulo. Iyi ndi sitepe pamwamba mafakitale lonse magalimoto. Lingaliro anavomerezedwa mu 1500 ndi kulamula mphamvu chabe salola nthawi yakuti magalimoto atsopano ku msika. latsopano kalasi ya bwino kwachititsa kuti chitukuko cha chitsanzo zosiyanasiyana: mu 1962nd anali anayambitsa ziwiri khomo Baibulo la 1600. Iwo Pambuyo mndandanda bwino ndi turbocharger a. kukhazikika Economic walola nkhawa kubwezeretsa mitundu loyamba la BMW. History chitsanzo akuyamba ndi injini asanu yamphamvu, ndipo mu 1968 ulimi wawo anayambanso. Inali kuperekedwa kwa anthu mu 2500 ndi 2800 kuti anali woyamba sedans mtundu mu masanjidwe lapansi. Zonsezi wapanga zaka zao za sikisite bwino kwambiri nthawi mu mbiriyakale lonse yapita wa kampani German, koma panali ambiri choyenera kupambana ndi kukula zina.

Development pa 70 ndi 80th

Mu chaka cha Games Olympic ku Munich, ndicho 1972nd, kampani anayamba latsopano BMW magalimoto - chifukwa cha nkhani wachisanu. Lingaliro anali chosintha: mtundu woyamba bwino checkered masewera magalimoto, koma njira yatsopano anatilola kuti apambane gawo sedani. Chitsanzo 520 ndi 520i anali kuperekedwa pa Frankfurt Njinga Show. The makina atsopano zimaonetsa yosalala, mizere elongated, mazenera lalikulu ndi otsika ndegeyo. Chosiyana thupi kapangidwe anayamba France Paulo Ukwati. ndondomeko mapindikidwe kuchita masamu pogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta mu BMW nkhawa. Mbiri ya zitsanzo zino anapitiriza ndi kutulutsidwa kwa 525 - chitsanzo yoyamba ya sedani omasuka ndi zisanu ndi yamphamvu injini, mwamtendere ndi amphamvu ndi 145 ndiyamphamvu.

A watsopano inayamba mu 1975. The BMW choyamba mu sedans yaying'ono kalembedwe sporty anali kuperekedwa mu mzere ndi chiwerengero atatu. Wotsogola kapangidwe ndi Redieta chosiyana popanda kuphwanya yaying'ono taonani, galimoto amayang'ana mokhudzika. Mu nyumba ya zinthu zatsopano zili injini zinayi yamphamvu ya zitsanzo atsopano, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi ndi akatswiri ndacha makina abwino dziko. Coupe chachikulu zinakambidwa mu 1976 ku Geneva, ku ntchito pa Ukwati kachiwiri anakopeka. contours zolusa wa bonnet operekedwa zachilendo dzina lakuti "Shark".

Pofika kumayambiriro kwa Mipingo makina zida za nkhawa Bavarian m'gulu latsopano samatha ulamuliro ndi gearboxes basi ndi mipando amphamvu. Panali mndandanda chiwiri ndi injini asanu yamphamvu ndi jekeseni mafuta. zitsanzo zambiri kuposa sevente-faifi zikwi tagulitsidwa mu zaka ziwiri. Kusinthidwa lachitatu ndi wachisanu zino, potulutsa options wotchuka kwambiri kasinthidwe latsopano. Mkulu mphamvu, aerodynamics kwambiri, mphamvu zinchito ndi kusankha options injini ndi mamangidwe a thupi kukhala njira yaikulu kusintha zitsanzo bwino.

Mu 1985, gulu anamasulidwa ndi mpandadenga. Zopangapanga luso wakhala kuyimitsidwa, amene amalola kuti omasuka kuyenda pa mtunda wautali. Pakutha Mipingo imene nkhawa BMW, amene ankanena za mbiri ya kale padziko lonse, anayamba kupanga zitsanzo zinayi latsopano ndi injini mafuta ndi zipangizo jekeseni mafuta ndi dizilo. Mtsogoleri watsopano - mlengi mphatso ndi woyang'anira luso Klaus Ljuta - anatha kusunga tione chosiyana ndi mfundo kuzindikira monga grille ndi, kupezeka zitsanzo zaka zambirimbiri, ndi wamakono ake nthawi zonse ndi kukhazikitsa kwambiri panopa njira zamakono pa mndandanda angapo kulili kupanga nambala ya olimba Bavarian.

kupanga mu njira ya 90

Mu 1990 lina galimoto latsopano ku BMW inali kuperekedwa. History of mndandanda lachitatu inkakhala zokwera ndi zotsika, koma tanthauzo zachilendo amatanthauza woyamba. Otakasuka galimoto ogula anagonjetsa kukongola, ndi kusinthasintha. Mu 1992, anthu anapatsidwa angapo zolumukizidwa ndi bwino injini ndi zonenepa zisanu ndi chimodzi. Patapita miyezi ingapo anabwera latsopano mpandadenga ndi sporty chitsanzo M3. Pakati pa khumi, aliyense mu mizere ya gulu galimoto anali wodzilemekeza ndi mfundo wapadera. Comments za BMW magalimoto chikondwerero cha zida abwino lolingana kalasi: mwa zitsanzo anali kuperekedwa kwa nyengo ndi wovuta kulamulira, zili ndi makompyuta adakwera ndi mawindo, electrically opareshoni mphamvu chiwongolero , ndi ena ambiri.

Mu 1995, chitsanzo chachisanu pa mndandanda zasintha yokulirapo mu maonekedwe: panali nyali amapasa pansi mzikiti chimaonekera ndipo mkati wakhala kwambiri omasuka komanso lalikulu. 5 woyendera chitsanzo linatuluka mu 1997 ndipo yodziwika ndi multifunction chowongolero, mipando yogwira, navigation ndi olimba zazikulu. Chaka chotsatira, mndandanda anali wodzilemekeza ndi mitundu dizilo ndi makina zonenepa zisanu ndi zitatu, kuwonjezera, iwo akhoza kuitanitsa m'thupi elongated. Komanso, Z3 chitsanzo anaonekera pa zenera mu filimu "James Mgwirizano", ndi gulu kachiwiri anakumana ndi kufunika choposa mphamvu kupanga.

Woyamba BMW SUV

Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha zitsanzo zambiri wanyanya mu zaka zapitazi. SUVs Only anaonekera mu mizere ya nkhawa posachedwapa - kumayambiriro kwa Zakachikwi. The kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la galimoto masewera ntchito panja, yoyamba m'mbiri magalimoto, chinachitika mu 1999. Mu nthawi yomweyo, kampani anabwerera ku anagona, "chilinganizo 1" ndipo analengeza yokha zingapo zimene mungachite Coupe ndi ngolo, komanso anayambitsa galimoto ku gawo latsopano "James Mgwirizano". Chaka chatha zaka mazana makumi awiri analidi mbiri malonda. msika chimodzi chokha Russian taonera kuwonjezeka kufunika kwa peresenti makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zitatu.

Zakachikwi watsopano wayamba tikuwatcha kuyamba akweza chitsanzo chiwiri zino. 7 BMW yatsegula kaja latsopano chifukwa cha nkhawa wotchuka Bavarian ndi kumulola kudzatenga malo oyamba mu kalasi "mwanaalirenji" gawo. Kamodzi kuchuluka kwa nthumwi limousines chitukuko chimene chinasokoneza malo kampani ndipo anamutengera ku malo koipa m'mbiri: kampani anali pafupi kugulitsa. Tsopano BMW galimoto, ndi anagonjetsedwa otsala wopanda zopalira umboni zinthu zina zonse ndi kupitiriza ntchito wosatha padziko bwino ndi wamakono, komanso chitukuko cha umisiri watsopano, kuwerengedwa zopangidwa ena padziko lonse.

Mfundo "Car - dalaivala" ndi zambiri zomwe zinatsogolera okonza ndi akatswiri a Gulu, amene amaonetsetsa kutchuka pakati makasitomala: wapadera galimoto chitonthozo cholakwika mtengo uliwonse zitsanzo zilipo ndi kugonjetsa ziziyenda kwambiri. Maonekedwe zonse zatsopano za mtunduwu m'mafilimu limakupatsani tcheru anthu ngakhale amene sakumvetsabe kukongola chodabwitsa ndi kusinthasintha kwa dziko wotchuka German galimoto.