Boer - ichi ... Daimondi kubowola. auger wononga

Kuyambira kale, anthu adzasangalale ndi madalitso onse a m'chilengedwe, Vol. H. Ndipo mkati dziko lapansi. Choyamba, kugwira ntchito ndi dziko lapansi pogwiritsa ntchito zida ambiri wosazindikira: .. Sankhapo, fosholo, etc. Ndi chitukuko cha patsogolo munthu kayenera kuchuluka, natenga zida bwino. Tsopano kubowola dzenje kuya kwa m'zigawo madzi ndi mafuta - si vuto. Izi zachitika mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zina zapadera. Limagwiritsa ntchito kubowola. Ichi ndi chipangizo limene onsewo amapanga maganizo pansi.

History pobowola

Lililonse chida ali zapitazi. Boer - chinthu wakale. zofukulidwa m'mabwinja akusonyeza kuti ngakhale 25 zikwi zapitazo, ankaperekerako tikubooleza mabowo zosiyanasiyana zipangizo achikale.

Aigupto akale pomanga mapiramidi ntchito makina pobowola. Mu China masiku ano amadziwika Confucius anatchula kukumba zitsime mu 600 BC. e. mozama awo ndi 900 m. Zimenezi, limasonyeza mkulu mlingo wa chitukuko cha luso kale. Amadziwika kuti Russia anayamba pobowola m'zaka IX. Kwenikweni, iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito yopanga mchere.

Kumene, njira pobowola woyamba anali wosazindikira ndi chosakwanira. osati zitsime zokumba zogwiritsa khoma sachedwa kutha ndi kugwa. Popewa izi, yolusa zosiyanasiyana anaika mkati mwa dzenje mtengo makungwa, makungwa kapena nsalu pepala zitsulo chitoliro, etc ...

Panali vuto lina chidwi - zotsalira za kuboola thanthwe anali kupereka kuukitsa pamwamba. Pakuti dziko lino auger alimira ananyamula kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zonse izi kwambiri angaletsedwe ndondomeko. Koma mu 1846 injiniya Fauvel anapereka njira yabwino vutoli. Kuchita izi, ife ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito kutsuka m'zitsime. Padziko lapansi kupyolera mu mipope wapadera kupopa madzi wamba, atanyamula miyala m'mwamba. Njira wakhala wotchuka kwambiri makamaka, T. Kwa. Perekani ntchito pafupifupi mosadodometsedwa wa pobowola nsanja.

Kumbali ya zipangizo, ndondomeko koyamba ikuchitika ndi chisel wapadera, galimoto injini downhole. Komanso, m'gulu kamangidwe ka chitoliro, ndi kupereka madzi ndi thanthwe.

Mawonekedwe a masiku ano ndi kubowola magetsi unakhazikitsidwa mu 1938. Analenga ake zoweta ndi injiniya Alexander Ostrovsky.

mitundu ya Boers

The chida lomwe lili ngati kale ndi kuchuluka yotakata ntchito, ndipo ali zambiri zosintha.

Malinga kamangidwe, akufa pochita onse akhoza kugawidwa mu makina ndi magetsi. Pankhaniyi, woyamba ndi lotengeka ndi mphamvu ya munthu, ndipo chachiwiri magetsi panopa. Zamagetsi kubowola tichipeza mota, ndi wononga ndi khasu. The ntchito chida Makina mu ufulu wonse kuchokera ku gwero mphamvu. Choncho, ambiri a m'manja ndi mtengo. Komanso, monga dongosolo ali auger panokha.

Malinga kukonza amadziŵika:

• Bourg-bit.
• Bourg-supuni.
• Koyilo.
• Bailer.

Garden kubowola Buku angathe ogaŵikana:

• Wononga kungomanga chida. Iwo ali yomanga yomweyo koma zigawo payekha. Ndi yabwino zoyendera ndi sitolo.
• Kuumbidwa wononga. Mmodzi wa ambiri. Iwo amagwira ntchito kokha ndi amodzi akuya m'zitsime.
• Mphete kuumbidwa kubowola.

Mbali chida

Modern auger - chipangizo cha kuwonongedwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana pomanga zamkati mwa mawonekedwe cylindrical.

Tikubooleza zitsime n'kofunika kuti kufufuza ndi kafukufuku wa mchere zosiyanasiyana. Komanso, kubowola ali wofunikila kuchira awo mwamsanga.

Pali zinthu zingapo zimene kugwiritsa ntchito pobowola amenewa:

1. Kupanga zikutchinga. Kugwiritsa mabowo kubowola anapangidwa kuya anakhumba ndi awiri. Apa kuyala mabomba okonzeka ndi chothandizira. The ndondomeko kupita, amafuna yeniyeni kwambiri ndi mosamala mawerengedwe.
2. Kuika wa zofunikira zosiyanasiyana mobisa. Izi ali mwachindunji oyimba telefoni, magetsi ndi zina zambiri. Mwachindunji kupyolera m'maenje iwo anatumikira pa iliyonse mozama. Zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri makamaka kwa yomanga mobisa migodi n'zodalirika.
3. Mphako mchere olimba. Zikatero, nthawi zambiri ntchito yapadera diamondi kubowola. Chotero chida inabala mabowo mwaukhondo kuchotsedwa mtundu ankafuna.
4. Ngalande kwa madambo. Izi zachitika mwa ngalande. Popeza borax zachitika kudzera ndi kuchuluka kwa mipata kudzera imene masamba madzi yokha. Njira imeneyi akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira nthawi zakale.
5. Amapanga miyala yamphamvu. Kawirikawiri zimenezi kuti akuya 30 mamita Primers ndi kuliika mwa injectors., Tampons zakonzedwa ntchito akufa pochita.

Gawo zitsime pobowola

Amadziwika kuti ntchito bwino ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera. Koma nthawi makamaka kovuta, lonse mafakitale maofesi ntchito. Choncho, munthu waphunzira ntchito kubowola maziko a mzere lonse kupanga. Pankhaniyi, zipangizo silingakhoze kokha kugula komanso kumanga zawo.

Malinga mtundu wa pobowola zimatulutsa:

1. Percussion zida. Mwachitsanzo, ndi kubowola-bit zitsulo kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri ntchito wapamwamba-lolimba miyala.

2. The makina chida. Agwiritsidwa mwauzimu kubowola. chipangizo Izi ntchito kwa miyala zofewa kapena lotayirira.

3. kuphatikiza akufa pochita. Chili makhalidwe abwino a zipangizo zonse yekha.

Ndi chikhalidwe cha chiwonongeko cha miyala:

1. wopitiriza pobowola. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo chiwonongeko cha m'dera lonse nkhope.

2. Kore pobowola. Ntchito kawirikawiri kufufuza. Rock wasweka yekha ndi mphete.

Malinga ndi chida zinkatanthauza njira pobowola anawagawa:

1. Drobyasche-akumeta ubweya. Pakuti ichi kuli mano apadera chida.

2. The kudula ndi akumeta ubweya. Zimatha maziko a masamba.

3. The kudula ndi abrasive. Apa ife ntchito Daimondi ndi mbali zovuta.

Mwa njira ya chikoka pa mtundu wa:

1. Mawotchi kubowola. Mfundo ntchito ndi amagwiritsa rotational ndi mantha luso. Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga - ndi kubowola kwa mizati Buku. Ndi chofunika kwambiri pa dziko ndi nyumba payekha okhalamo.

2. The sanali makina kubowola. Izi hayidiroliki, matenthedwe kapena electrophysical chida. Pakali pano, zipangizozi si ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ndipo ali mu njira ya chitukuko ndi kusintha.

Pobowola luso la USSR ndi Russia

Ndithu nthawi yaitali mu mbiri ya dziko imagwera pa nyengo ya Soviet. Zinali ndiye kuti makampani, sayansi ndi ulimi alandira chitukuko chachikulu. Zotsatira za nthawi aŵa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri. Koma zitsanzo zina adakali kunyada kwa makampani zoweta.

Mu mbiri ya zida zathu pobowola zikuphatikizapo zoikamo ngati:

1. BKM-303. makina ntchito kukhazikitsa mitengo yosiyanasiyana ndi milu mu dothi mazira. Kubowola pang'ono awiri pafupifupi 80 cm, mphamvu mpaka 1.5 m.

2. BM-251. zinachitika izi zinakambidwa mu 1969. cholinga chake - ntchito kukonzekera bwino mabomba amene. Pobowola akuya makina amenewa ndi 2.5 m. Zida The limapangidwa awiri matupi ntchito ndi awiri a mamita 1.1.

3. Tumizani tikubooleza zida. Limeneli liyenera inkayenda koyamba linatuluka mu 1982. Cholinga - tikubooleza m'nthaka mazira.

4. Machine kwa thermo-makina pobowola. Izi chitsanzo experimental kwa kabotolo.

5. BM-1001. Izi auger lapansi kudzera mwa mantha-makina pobowola wakhala akugwira ntchito pa kufufuza za miyala.

Kuchokera pa zimene ndi momwe kubowola paokha?

M'dziko nyumba iliyonse ali ndi mavuto ambiri amene angathe kuthetsedwa popanda thandizo la zipangizo zapadera. Izi zikhoza kukhala gulu la madzi, ndi unsembe wa mitundu yonse ya mayendedwe, ndi kubzala ndi kusamalira zomera, ndi zina zotero. D.

Ndithudi, zonse muyenera mosavuta opezeka sitolo aliyense hardware. Koma ndi mtengo kwambiri ndi bwino zipangizo kuti apange manja awo. Sidzitengera kwambiri nthawi ndi khama.

Amamwa kubowola anachita ndi zipangizo pulayimale zimene zili pafupifupi kunyumba kapena garaja. Izi zimafuna abrasive gudumu kwa kutembenukira cutters ndi makina kuwotcherera.

zida adzakhala zigwirizana ku borax, zachitsulo mzati ndi wapadera kupotoza khasu. Ntchito mungafunike armature kutalika kwa 2 mamita ndi pepala zitsulo.

Sitepe ndi sitepe malangizo msonkhano

Boer - chipangizo wokongola yosavuta. Koma ngakhale chida ichi uli ndi zinthu zingapo. Kotero, inu musanakafike pansi kwa ntchito ndi kumanga Mwachitsanzo, ndi kudzikonda anapanga kubowola kwa dzanja mizati, chofunika kuphunzira mosamala malangizo.

Timasiyanitsa magawo angapo:

1. Kusonkhana ndi kupeza tsamba ntchito. Izi zimafuna amphamvu pepala zitsulo. Ndipo m'pofunika pasadakhale kudziwa mtundu wa ntchito zimene kubowola zidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Akusowekapo akhale 5-10 mamilimita lalikulu kuposa chofunika awiri mabowo.

2. Kukonzekera m'munsi chachikulu. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, ndodo watengedwera, amene ankakhulupirira mu nsinga ndi. Izo ndiye anapanga angapo mabowo. Nawa mtedza ali omangika ndi masamba yotsirizidwa. Kumbukirani kuti mipata awa akhale kuposa 1-2 mm.

3. Kupereka mawonekedwe ankafunila wa tsamba. Izi amafuna Chibugariya. Kupereka masamba ndi mtundu wachilendo wa wononga poyambira Kadulidwa. Ndiye mukhale mmunsi zace.

4. nsonga lakuthwa. M'pofunika ntchito ndi zosiyanasiyana miyala mwakhama ndi nthaka mazira. Mapeto a china chotulutsa kungakhale pansi kapena chisanadze okonzeka kubowola. Pa nthawi yomweyo ayenera kukhala helical grooves pansi pa pachithandara.

5. khasu. Iwo akhoza mwamphamvu welded kapena tili m'mavuto akapichi, umene kusintha kuya pobowola. Pre-kufunika kuganizira zoti dzimbiri kwa zinthu structural. Choncho, Buku kubowola kukonzedwa sitima zapadera ndi inked. Ndipo pambuyo kuti akhoza kwathunthu ntchito.

Diamondi kubowola: katundu ndi ntchito

Zosowa za anthu masiku ano ikukula mosalekeza. Choncho, sayansi ndi chitukuko osati chilili. Popeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa kubowola woyamba anali kuchita bwino osati miyala osiyanasiyana ndi malo achisanu, komanso zipangizo zovuta kwambiri.

Choncho zida zatsopano zamphamvu zimene ntchito mu zinthu zonse. Mmodzi wa awa ndi diamondi kubowola. chipangizo ichi chiyenera ntchito kwambiri kupyolera kupopera wapadera.

Monga amadziwika, daimondi - nkhani yakula padziko lapansi. Khalidwe ngakhale chimaposa izo konkire ndi zitsulo. Koma luso ntchito diamondi TACHIMATA, anaonekera okha cha m'ma lomaliza. Icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera mu West. Mu Russia, luso uyu anatuluka ndi anachita zaka zingapo zapitazo. Mu ntchito ino ndife osati daimondi kubowola, koma daimondi waya ndi kudula zimbale. Iwo amasiyana kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi chipangizo.

Daimondi kubowola ndi yamphamvu dzenje zitsulo. Pa m'mphepete brazed ake diamondi. Chida ichi ntchito kudula zipangizo monga:

• Zomangamanga.
• Thovu konkire, analimbitsa simenti ndi analimbitsa simenti.
• Lubwe.
• Marble ndi mwala yokumba.
• Zitsulo.
• Phula ❖ kuyanika.

Diamondi kubowola ntchito pa mfundo kusinja pamene ntchito kupopera yoyenera ndiponso chuma vpaek chisoni ndipo zidzachotsedwa. Iye ntchito mwakhama ntchito yomanga ndi dismantling, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ulimi, ndipo ngakhale mu sayansi ndi kufufuza zinthu.

Lokhudza auger?

zida zamakono chimagwiritsidwa ntchito osati mafakitale komanso banja. Auger wononga ntchito mwa akatswiri si m'munda koposa zonse, mu dziko ndi mu gawo payekha. Ndi wapadera chitoliro zakutidwa zitsulo tepi. The zomangira ali ananamizira pamodzi ndi zooneka yamazinga kugwirizana. Mfundo chida zachokera makina kuboola, mmene chiwonongeko thanthwe anachita ndi tithe kumvetsa kumasulira kwake ndi kudula. Nkhani ya mnofu laperekedwa kwa wapadera wononga pamwamba.

Mtundu uwu wa zida, komanso ena ambiri, angapo mbali. Ubwino waukulu ndi izi:

• Easy ntchito. Chifukwa kamangidwe kake kugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi mosavuta ndi conveniently.
• Kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ntchito tripping nadzawonjezapo pa liwiro la pobowola.
• Zosiyanasiyana. Chida ichi ndi oyenera zosiyanasiyana ntchito :. Building, kufufuza, etc. iliyonse bwino dzanja kubowola zichitike mwamsanga ndipo mosavuta. Sitiyenera katswiri.

Pali mitundu ya zipangizo ntchito mu auger pobowola :

• Kokani Akamva.
• Ndi kupita kupyolera zomangira yomanga.
• Kubowola ndodo.
• Shnekolovki, auger borer ndi subs.

A ochepa mfundo zosangalatsa

Pafupifupi chinthu chilichonse kapena chida mu moyo wathu wa tsiku ndi tsiku lili ndi mbiri yake. Panthawi imeneyi, anapeza yaikulu zosiyanasiyana mfundo chidwi ndi zochitika. Ndipo lero ndi kubowola mwachizolowezi:

1. kuya osati zitsime zokumba zogwiritsa yokumba - izo Kola. pobowola ake inayamba mu 1970. Isanafike 1990, ife anakumba lonse 12 262 meters. Pankhaniyi, anagwiritsa ntchito ochiritsira lapansi kubowola.

Mtengo wa chida ichi tsopano zimadalira dziko kupanga ndi zovuta za zipangizo. Dzanja zipangizo ayenera zambiri padziko 1500-2000 rubles, pamene zomera yachilendo - kuchokera 25 000 ndipo pamwamba.

2. Russia ali nkhokwe yaikulu madzi mobisa atsopano. Ndipo njira yabwino kwambiri kupanga lero pobowola. Koma ngakhale zili choncho, ankangomva 10% ya nkhokwe okwana.

3. Kuyendetsa ntchito ya diamondi zokutira kwa kubowola zitsime Kutulukira anapereka daimondi kupanga. Kwa nthawi yoyamba zida zimenezi anaonekera mu Europe. Ndiyeno kufalikira ku dziko lonse lapansi.

4. Daimondi chingwe ndi mbale ntchito zida muyezo kuboola anali chifukwa chitukuko cha umisiri, zipangizo ndiponso a zomangamanga. Iwo mwapadera kudula miyala zovuta kwambiri. Diamondi mafunsidwe mwina maziko kubowola. Izi kufulumizitsa kwambiri ndi zimatithandiza ntchito.

5. wamafuta ntchito pobowola loyamba anayamba kutulutsa ku China. Zaka 2,300 patsogolo ku Ulaya ndi ku America.