Bomba la Yugoslavia (1999): zimayambitsa, zotsatila

NATO ntchito ku Yugoslavia mu 1999, anali zotsatira za makumi nkhondo yapachiweniweni yaikulu Balkan Peninsula. Kamodzi inagwa limodzi zokomera boma, m'chigawo itayamba kale mazira mikangano yosiyanasiyana. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu za mavuto anali Kosovo. Dera limeneli anakhalabe pansi pa ulamuliro wa Serbia, ngakhale atakhala kuno makamaka Albania.

prerequisites

Mwagwirizana udani pakati pa anthu a mitundu iwiriyi linawonjezeka ndi chisokonezeko ndi chisokonezo m'dziko loyandikana Bosnia ndi Croatia, komanso osiyana m'chipembedzo. Serbia - Orthodox, Albania - Asilamu. Bomba la Yugoslavia inayamba mu 1999 chifukwa zapachiweniweni, yokonzedwa ndi ntchito chinsinsi cha dziko. Iwo anali kuyankha mawu a Odzipatula Albania, amene ankafuna kuti Kosovo popanda kudalira Belgrade ndi angagwirizanitse ku Albania.

gulu limeneli linakhazikitsidwa mu 1996. Odzipatula amene analenga Kosovo Kutulutsidwa Army. zigaŵenga ake anayamba bungwe kuukira apolisi Yugoslavia ndi nthumwi zina za boma ku chigawocho. The mabungwe anautsa pamene asilikali poyankha kuukira anaukira midzi angapo Albania. Kupha anthu oposa 80.

Kukangana Albania ndi Serbia

Ngakhale anachita zoipa padziko lonse, Pulezidenti Yugoslavia Slobodan Milosevic anapitiriza kutsogolera mfundo zake amphamvu ndi Odzipatula. Mu September 1998, anavomereza chigamulo pa United Nations, amene amatchedwa pa magulu onse mkangano n'kutsamira zida zawo. Pa nthawi imeneyo, NATO anakana akukonzekera bomba Yugoslavia. Motsogoleredwa ndi awiri pressurized Miloshevich anabwerera. Asilikali anali kucheza ndi midzi mtendere. Iwo anabwerera kwa zapansi awo. Yokhala, armistice ndi yosainidwa October 15, 1998

Komabe, pasanapite nthawi zinadziwika kuti wosamwerana madzi ndi mwakuya kwambiri ndi wamphamvu kwambiri moti asiye zachitikadi ndi zikalata. Osayanjanitsika nthawi kusokonezedwa onse anthuwa ndiponso Yugoslavia. Mu January 1999, panali kuphedwa m'mudzi wa Racak. apolisi Yugoslavia anaphedwa anthu oposa 40. Kenako, akuluakulu a boma ankanena kuti anthuwa amene anaphedwa pankhondo. mwanjira ina, koma chochitika ichi chinali chifukwa komaliza kwa yokonza opaleshoni zinachititsa kuti bomba la Yugoslavia mu chaka cha 1999.

Kodi n'chiyani chinachititsa boma US kuyamba kuukira izi? Yokhala, NATO angakaphe pa Yugoslavia kukakamiza utsogoleri dziko kuti asiye ndondomeko Chilango motsutsa Albania. Komanso tisaiwale kuti pamene zoweta kumuyalutsa ndale inayambika ku United States, chifukwa cha zomwe iyenera kukonzedwa Pulezidenti Bill Clinton ndi anaopseza walekana ndi ofesi. Izi zikachitika, munthu "ang'ono wopambana nkhondo" adzakhala mchitidwe wangwiro kupatulako maganizo a anthu pa mavuto yachilendo yachilendo.

asanachite opareshoni

Nkhani mtendere otsiriza linagwa mu March. Atamaliza, ndi bomba la Yugoslavia mu chaka cha 1999. Mu zokambirana izi anatenga gawo, ndi Russia, amene utsogoleri anathandiza Milosevic. Britain ndi America akhala akuganizira ntchito kwa chilengedwe cha munthu kudziyimira pawokha ikuluikulu kuti Kosovo. Pankhaniyi, udindo tsogolo la Gawo ayenera kumatanthauza malinga ndi zotsatira za mavoti otchuka mu zaka zingapo. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti kwa mphindi mu Kosovo adzakhala NATO okhazikitsa mtendere mphamvu, ndi mphamvu za dziko la Yugoslavia Utumiki Mkati ndi asilikali anasiya dera pofuna kupewa mavuto zosafunika. Albania anatenga polojekitiyi.

Zinali mwayi wotsiriza umene bomba la Yugoslavia mu 1999, onse mofanana sizingandichitikire. Komabe, oimira Belgrade mu zokambirana za adakana zinthu kuika patsogolo. Ambiri a iwo sindimakonda lingaliro la maonekedwe a asilikali NATO ku Kosovo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Yugoslavs adapangana ndi zina cha polojekiti. nkhani inawonongeka. Pa March 23, NATO anaganiza iyo inali nthawi kuyamba bomba la Yugoslavia (1999). Tsiku akamaliza opaleshoni (wosasamala mu North Atlantic Pangano Organization) unali kudzachitika pokhapo pamene Belgrade adzalandira ntchito lonse.

Zokambirana wayesetsa kutsatira mu United Nations. Bungwe sanapereke anakafuna patsogolo kwa mabomba a. Komanso, itangoyamba ntchito pa Council Security anatenga voti amene akufuna kuzindikira akagwiriridwa US. chigamulochi inatheka yekha ndi Russia, Korea North ndi Namibia. Kalelo ndi tsopano kupanda chilolezo UN kwa bomba NATO la Yugoslavia (1999), ofufuza ena ndi anthu wamba ndi umboni wosonyeza kuti boma US amakhalidwe linaphwanya malamulo a malamulo adziko lonse lapansi.

mphamvu NATO

Nacho NATO mabomba a Yugoslavia mu 1999 kunali mbali yaikulu ya ntchito ya usilikali "anagwirizana Force". Mu airstrikes anagwa njira mipherezero wamba ndipo lankhondo anali pa gawo Chisebiya. Nthawi zina zowawa m'madera zogona, kuphatikizapo likulu - Belgrade.

Popeza bomba la Yugoslavia (1999), zotsatira za chithunzi chimene unafala m'dziko lonse lapansi, anali anagwirizana kanthu mwa iwo, kupatula United States, kulalikira limati ena 13. Panali ntchito ndege zina 1,200. Kuwonjezera pa ndege, NATO mtsikana ndi panyanja mphamvu - ndege onyamula, sitima zankhondo kuukira, cruisers, owononga, frigates ndi sitima zazikulu amphibious. ntchito panafika 60,000 asilikali NATO.

masiku 78 anapitiriza mabomba a Yugoslavia (1999). Photos of akuvutika chifukwa cha mizinda Chisebiya ambiri chitidwe m'nyuzipepala. Okwana dziko wakhala 35,000 sorties, NATO ndege, ndi za 23 zikwi mivi ndi mabomba inatha pa dziko lake.

Chiyambi cha ntchito

March 24, 1999, NATO ndege anayamba gawo loyamba la bomba la Yugoslavia (1999). tsiku opareshoni wakhala anavomera pasadakhale lankhondo. Boma Milosevic wakana kuti mupewe asilikali ake ku Kosovo, NATO ndege anayikidwa pa tcheru. Nkhonyayo woyamba anali Yugoslavia mpweya chitetezo dongosolo. Kwa masiku atatu iye anali litaferatu. Ndi anapeza anagwirizana ndege lopanda mangawa ukulu mu mlengalenga. ndege Chisebiya pafupifupi sanadzisiyira hangars awo, sorties ochepa okha ndiwo ikuchitika nthawi ya nkhondo ya.

Pa 27 March anayamba kuukira kwake pa zomangamanga zosakhudzana ndi usilikali, kuphatikizapo malo aakulu anthu. Pristina, Belgrade, Uzice, Kragujevac, Podgorica - apa ndi mndandanda wa mizinda motani bomba loyamba la Yugoslavia. 1999 anaona wozungulira wina wa mwazi ku Balkans. Pa chiyambi cha ntchito, pulezidenti Russian Boris Yeltsin mu mawu onse analimbikitsa Bill Clinton kusiya ntchito imeneyi. Koma wamphamvu kwambiri m'nthawi anakumbukira yanthaŵi wina. Pa tsiku limene ndege anayamba akupha Yugoslavia, ndi Russian nduna yaikulu Yevgeny Primakov anawulukira pa ulendo boma ku United States. Nditaphunzira za zimene zinachitika Balkans, iye anakana anatembenuka gulu lake pa Atlantic ndi kubwerera ku Moscow.

msonkhano

Chakumapeto March, Bill Clinton kuchita msonkhano ndi anzake NATO - atsogoleri a Germany, France, Great Britain ndi Italy. Ukatha msonkhano uno, kunyanyala asilikali achuluka. Mzinda watsopanowu mabomba Cacak. Pa nthawi yomweyo Yugoslavia mphamvu yapadera analanda asilikali atatu NATO (iwo anali America onse). Iwo kenako anamasulidwa.

Pa April 12, NATO ndege F-15E anayenera bomba mlatho (mwa njanji anadutsa). Komabe, nkhonya zinali sitima kuti anali pafupi ndipo onyamula anthu wamba (pa lero Serbia kuti sakondwerera Isitala ndi anthu ambiri adatuluka kukhala ndi achibale mizinda ina). Chifukwa cha zipolopolo kugwa anapha anthu 14. Icho chinali chimodzi cha zinthu zochititsa zopusa ndi yoopsya ya kampeni basi.

Bomba la Yugoslavia (1999) Mwachidule, wasonyeza kuti zinthu zonse kwambiri kapena zochepa zofunika. Popeza April 22, kuti anagundidwa ndi likulu la kuweruza kwa dziko Socialist Party wa Serbia. Anagwirizana ndege mabomba ndi Milosevic a zogona, amene Komabe, pa nthawi imeneyo panalibe. April 23 anawonongedwa ndi Belgrade wailesi ina ya kanema. Iwo anapha anthu 16.

zoyamika anaonekera chifukwa cha ntchito mabomba limodzi. Pamene pa May 7 bomba la Nis, izo zinakonzedwa kuti cholinga kuchoka adzakhala airfield, yomwe inali kunja kwa mzinda wa mzinda. Zifukwa bwinobwino, chidebe mabomba anatsegula m'mwamba, chifukwa cha zimene zipolopolo anaulukira ku madera zogona, kuphatikizapo zipatala ndi misika. Anapha anthu 15. kumuyalutsa wina mayiko zinachitika pambuyo nkhaniyi.

Pa zoponya mabomba tsiku lomwelo molakwika anagunda Chinese ofesi ya kazembe ku Belgrade. Wolakwiridwayo kuukira anthu atatu. Mu China anayamba kulankhula odana American. mishoni akazembe ku Beijing, zinawonongeka kwambiri. Against maziko a zinthu zimenezi ku likulu la China mwamsanga anasonkhana nthumwi za mayiko onse kuthetsa milandu. Motero, boma US walola ndalama zambiri kuposa $ 30 miliyoni malipiro.

Menyani pa kazembeyo chidachitika mosazindikira. NATO anakonza bomba nyumba yoyandikana nayo, imene inali kulamulira Yugoslavia la wolowa manja. Pambuyo zinachitikazi, Chikukambidwa Baibulo kuti Amereka anasiyiratu chifukwa chakuti iwo anagwiritsa ntchito mapu chakale wa Belgrade. NATO anakana mphekesera izi. Atangobadwa akamaliza ntchito mu Balkans CIA wamkulu woyang'anira kufunsa za pansi anagwirizana ndege, kutsanzika pa pempho lake. zolakwa amenewa ndi mavuto linadzaza ndi bomba la Yugoslavia (1999). Zimayambitsa wamba ovulala kenako m'nkhani bwalo Hague, pamene akuvutika ndi achibale awo akadandaule milandu ambiri motsutsa United States.

Russian ulendo kuti Pristina

Monga mbali ya mphamvu okhazikitsa mtendere UN mu Balkans cha mma 1990 ndi kunali kagulu Russian. Iye anatenga gawo mu zochitika Yugoslavia mu chomaliza cha machitidwe NATO. Pamene June 10, 1999, Slobodan Milosevic anavomera kuti mupewe asilikali ake ku Kosovo, mogwira kuvomera kugonjetsedwa, malo a asilikali Chisebiya m'chigawo amayenera kutenga mapangidwe a North Atlantic Alliance.

Monga Patapita tsiku, pa usiku wa 11 TH kuti 12 TH tsiku, ndi Russian ophatikizana battalion la asilikali airborne imachitika opareshoni kulamulira Pristina International Airport - likulu la dera. Pamaso pa paratroopers cholinga kutenga zoyendera likulu pamaso NDIDZAKHALA asilikali NATO a. opaleshoni anali bwinobwino. Monga mbali ya peacekeepers anali Major Yunus-bek Yevkurov - pulezidenti tsogolo la Ingushetia.

imfa

Pambuyo pochita ntchito ku Belgrade anayamba kuwerenga zomvetsa amene zinafuna bombardment Yugoslavia (1999). dziko zomvetsa anali kwambiri chuma. kuwerengetsera Chisebiya akunena za $ 20 biliyoni. Zofunika zomangamanga wamba zinawonongeka. Pansi zipolopolo kumalondolera milatho ayenga mafuta, maofesi lalikulu mafakitale mayunitsi mphamvu. Pambuyo pake, mu nthawi ya mtendere popanda ntchito anthu 500 zikwi Serbia.

Kale m'masiku oyambirira a ntchito izo anadziŵa ovulala mosalephera wamba. Malinga kuwerengetsera la Yugoslavia akuluakulu m'dziko anapha anthu wamba oposa 1,700. anthu 10 chikwi Avulala, zikwi zambiri nyumba zawo zinawonongeka, ndipo miliyoni Serbia opanda madzi. Monga msilikali wa dziko la Yugoslavia asilikali anapha asilikali oposa 500. Ambiri, iwo agwa pansi pa nkhonya itakula Odzipatula Albania.

Chisebiya mpweya mphamvu ziwalo. NATO mu ntchito yomwe inachitika okwana mpweya ukulu. Ambiri a ndege Yugoslavia anawonongedwa sanayambebe kuuluka (70 magalimoto). The NATO nthawi imene anthu awiri anaphedwa. Zinali adalira ya ndege kuti anagundidwa mayeso ndege pa Albania. Yugoslavia mpweya chitetezo anawomberedwa pansi awiri ndege mdani, pamene oyendetsa awo ejected ndipo kenako anatola ndi opulumutsa. Zotsalira za inaonongeka ndege lero kusungidwa nyumbayi. Pamene Belgrade anavomera asintha, iwo anavomereza kugonjetsedwa, zinaonekeratu tsopano kuti nkhondo akhoza anapambana ngati ife ntchito kokha ndege ndi njira mabomba.

kuipitsidwa zachilengedwe

Zachilengedwe tsoka - ndi zotsatira lina lalikulu zinachititsa kuti bomba la Yugoslavia (1999). Akuvutika chifukwa cha opaleshoni - si chabe zipolopolo akufa, komanso anthu amene akuvutika ku chiphe mpweya. Ndege mabomba mwakhama zofunika kwa mfundo chuma view, petrochemical zomera. Pambuyo kuukira mu mlengalenga anali Panchevo oopsa ziphe. Iwo anali ndi chlorine pawiri, acid amathiridwa, soda ndi monga D..

Mafuta akasinja zowonongeka anakwera Danube, zimene zinachititsa kuti poyizoni wa dera osati Serbia komanso mayiko onse amene anali pansipa mtsinje. chitsanzo china chinali kugwiritsa ntchito zachitetezo a NATO yolimbanirana ndi zatha ureniamu. Kenako, mu malo a ntchito awo analembedwa mliri wa matenda otengera ndi khansa.

zotsatira za ndale

Tsiku lililonse likadutsa vuto la Yugoslavia anali likuipiraipira. Mu zinthu izi, Slobodan Miloshevich anavomera kutengera ndale kuthetsa mikangano, yemwe akufuna ndi NATO pamaso mabomba a. Mwalawapangodya mabacteria awa anali kusiya la asilikali Yugoslavia ku Kosovo. nthawi yonseyi, mbali US ananena. Oyimira a Alliance ananena kuti pokhapokha zokambirana ku Belgrade kusiya akupha Yugoslavia (1999).

UN Maonekedwe # 1244 anavomera pa June 10, potsiriza anagwirizana dongosolo latsopano m'chigawochi. The maiko ambiri akhala ananenetsa kuti amazindikira ulamuliro wa Yugoslavia. Kosovo adzakhala mbali ya boma, walandira kudziyimira pawokha lonse. asilikali Albania inali kungafooketse. Mu Kosovo, panali mayiko okhazikitsa mtendere mphamvu, amene anali kuwayang'anira makonzedwe a kukhazikika ndi chitetezo.

Malinga ndi pangano lawo, asilikali Yugoslavia anachoka Kosovo pa 20 June. Kudera, kutenga boma lenileni, pang'onopang'ono anayamba kuchira patapita nkhondo yaitali boma. NATO anavomereza kugwira ntchito bwinobwino - Mwaichi, nayamba bomba la Yugoslavia (1999). Kuyeretsa fuko anaima, ngakhale kudana mwagwirizana pakati pa anthu awiri anapulumutsidwa. Pa zaka lotsatira Serbia anayamba kuchoka paulendo gulu lonselo ankaliphera pamodzi Kosovo. Mu February 2008, m'mphepete utsogoleri analengeza ufulu wodzilamulira ku Serbia (Yugoslavia kwazaka zingapo potsiriza mbisoweka ku map Europe). Lero, ulamuliro wa Kosovo amazindikira mayiko 108. Russia, mwamwambo kutsatira malo ovomereza-Chisebiya, anati m'mphepete gawo la Serbia.