"Bora" - chombo cha missile pamtambo wodutsa: kufotokozera, zida zamakono ndi ndemanga

Kukhalapo kwa BKWP "Bora" sikunathere nthawi yaitali, iye anali atazunguliridwa ndi chophimba chachinsinsi chonse. Monga, komabe, malo ambiri a usilikali ku Russia. "Bora" ndi sitima yomwe ilibe zofanana padziko lonse lapansi. Kuwala, kuyendetsa bwino, liwiro lake ndi lokwezeka kwambiri kotero kuti silingathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi torpedoes komanso ngakhale maulendo. Pa Black Sea Fleet, ankachita masewera angapo, kumene gulu la RKVP linagwirizana bwino ndi ntchito zomwe anapatsidwa, zomwe zimatsogolera nkhondo zabwino ndi zombo zowonongeka.

Lingaliro lopanga chombo

Mfundo zoyamba zokhudzana ndi kulengedwa kwa sitimayo zinayambanso ngakhale pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, pamene mu 1942 a Germany anadutsa ku Caucasus. Ku Moscow, bungweli linakambirana za ntchito ya mlengi wa katswiri dzina lake Chelomey. Cholinga chake - kukhazikitsa pamabwato a misipali torpedo maziko kuti agonjetse zolinga zazikulu za mdani. Aliyense adavomereza kuti polojekitiyi ikulonjeza, koma idasinthidwa.

Pambuyo pa nkhondoyo, motsogoleredwa ndi Stalin mu 1949, adalengedwa AMCB "Almaz". Ogwira ntchito analangizidwa kuti apange ntchito zombo zonyamula ndege , inali chinsinsi, mutu watsopano. Cholinga chake chinali kulengedwa kwa mabwato omangamanga a ultrafast . Ubongo wa polojekitiyi m'tsogolomu unakhala Bora, sitimayo.

Udindo wa CB "Almaz"

Kotero, mu Leningrad CB Almaz anayamba kuyambitsa lingaliro - kukwera mitsitsi yamatsinje pamabwato apamwamba kwambiri. Padziko lonse lapansi, anthu a ku Russia achita chidwi ndi machitidwe atsopano a anthu a ku Russia omwe amaletsa komanso kukayikira. Koma nkhondo ya masiku asanu ndi limodzi ya 1967 inasintha malingaliro a ngalawa ya ku Egypt (yotulutsidwa ndi USSR) adatumiza Israeli woononga pansi ndi msilikali umodzi umodzi. Nyengo yatsopano yayamba mu sitima yapamadzi. M'zaka za m'ma 1970, akatswiri a Almaz KB motsogoleredwa ndi V. I. Korolev anayamba kutsindika malingaliro opanga zombo zoyenda zowonongeka pamphepete mwa mphepo. Izi zinawonjezereka kufulumira kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe kake. Ntchitoyi ndi mawonekedwe osayembekezereka, kuwomba ndi kutha msanga komweko. Kotero sitimayo yaing'ono "Bora" inabadwa pamphepete mwa mpweya.

Mayesero oyambirira

Kwa nthawi yoyamba RCVP ya "Bora" inakhazikitsidwa mu 1988, koma zovuta zandale ndi zachuma zinalepheretsa kuyesedwa msanga. Sitima ya "Bora" inayamba kupambana mu 1991. M'dera la Zmeinoy Island, lomwe linali ku Black Sea, kuwombera koyamba kunachitika, kunachititsa chidwi kwambiri m'mayiko ena. Zomwe zili mu Navy sizinachitikepo kulikonse. Sitima yatsopano ya ku Russia, yomwe imayenda mofulumira kwambiri, panthawi imodzimodziyo ikanyamula zida zankhondo. The rocket salvo inakonzedwa kwa masekondi 30 okha. Pakati pa zoyesayesa zoyamba mitsuko inayi "Madzikiti" adawononga bwalo lomwe linasokonekera. Mwachibadwa, mapiko oterewa amatha kuwononga zombo zazikulu, kuphatikizapo ogwira ndege.

Sitima yaying'ono yotchedwa "Bora" idatchedwa "Wowononga Madzi", chifukwa ntchito yake inali yowonongetsa zombozi, ndiko kuti, kuti iwonongeke kwambiri pa sitima yaikulu ya adani. Pambuyo pake, pa liwiro loposa liwiro la nsomba iliyonse yamadzi, tisiye kuwona.

Mu 1991 bwato loyamba loyendetsa ndege linayambira pa Black Sea Fleet - iyi inali "Bora".

Zomwe Zapangidwe

Sitimayo ili ndi kusamuka kwa matani 1050. Miyeso ya "Bohr" ili ndi izi: kukwanira kwathunthu - 17.2 mamita, kutalika - 65.6 mamita. Chojambula cha chotengera - 3.3 mamita, pamene operewera amawonjezeka mamita 1. Mtunduwu pamtunda wa makina 12 ndi makilomita 2500, pamtunda 45 - mamita 800. Chomera chimaphatikizapo: 2 GTU M10-1 ndi mphamvu ya mahatchi 36,000, M-511A ma diesel omwe ali ndi mphamvu zokwana 20,000 okwera pamahatchi komanso M-504 diesel omwe ali ndi mphamvu 6.6,000. Zida zimaphatikizapo galimoto yotchedwa Moskit - Misomali 8MM80, maulendo 20 a misiloni ya chitetezo cha misasa ya Osa-M, zida za AK-176 - 76 mm, zida za AK-630 - 30 mm. Sitima yaing'ono ya "rock" yotchedwa "Bora" imathandizidwa ndi gulu la anthu 68.

Mal da achotsedwa

Nyumba ziwiri zochepa (kutalika - mamita 64, m'lifupi - 18 mamita) zili ndi nsanja. Kutsogolo kwa makinawo ndizowonekera. Ngakhale kutalika kwa mafunde kufika mamita awiri, injini yamphamvu ya mahatchi 60, imakulolani kuti mupite msinkhu wa mauta 55. Pa msinkhu wozungulira wa mamita 3.5, liwiro likufikira pa makina 40. Economics amapereka ma diesel awiri. Kuthamanga kwakukulu kumapangitsa sitimayo kuti ipewe kugwidwa ndi zida zowonongeka, komanso kupewa torpedoes.

Pogwiritsa ntchito SCRP, zochitika za Design Bureau ndi makampani oyendetsa sitima zapamadzi adapeza kale pomwe sitima za Zubr, Jyran zikagulitsidwa.

Kodi yapadera ndi RKVP? "Bora" ndi ngalawa yokhala ndi nsanja ya hydrodynamic, yomwe imasinthidwa mosavuta. Mpweya wothamanga uli ndi ntchito 36. "Bora" ndi kanyama kamene imayendetsa makilomita 20, ndipo nthawi yomweyo sitimayo imatha kukhala ndi mfundo zopitirira 50. RCVD ili ndi kayendetsedwe kosiyanasiyana muzidzidzidzi komanso zachikhalidwe. Kwa zaka zambiri, panalibe vuto kuti ngalawayo inalowa m'tchire ku doko. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kupita ngakhale injini zitatsekedwa chifukwa cha injini-superchargers ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya kuchokera kumtambo wa mpweya.

PCR "udzudzu"

Chombo, "Bora" (chombo) chiri ndi malo opha kwambiri a "Moskit" PCR. Za iwo mwatsatanetsatane. Mphamvu ya mitsinje yonseyi ingathe kuwononga midzi yapakatikati ya ngalawa ngakhale oyendetsa. Kuphulika kwa "mimba" ya 3M80 imakhala yofanana ndi 150 kilograms. Chiyambi choyamba chikuchokera makilomita 10 mpaka 90. Kuyambira, rocket imakwera pamwamba, imapanga phiri, kenako imatsika kufika mamita 20 kutalika, pamene kuyandikira kukufika kufika mamita 7 pamwamba pa mafunde ndikudula m'ngalawamo. Gawo lokhadzula zida ndi mphamvu zazikulu zamakono zimaloledwa kuthetsa zopinga zilizonse. Kuphulika kwakukulu kumachitika mkati. Ngakhale mdani akugwiritsa ntchito njira yowonongeka ndi wailesi, njira yowonjezera yowonjezera imapanga molondola molondola mpaka 99%.

"Bora" mu doko la Turkey la Sinop

Mu 2013, ku Turkey, pakuyambitsirana kwa BLACKSEAF, dziko la Russian Federation linaimiridwa ndi Bora, sitimayo yokwera misala. Sitima zapamadzi za ku Romania, Turkey, Bulgaria, Ukraine zinagwiritsa ntchito masewera makumi asanu ndi limodzi ndi maphunziro. Kodi cholinga chake chinali chiyani? Kusinkhasinkha kwa maulendo a mlengalenga, kulumikiza zida zazing'ono, kulumikiza mauthenga, kugwirizanitsa pamodzi, kuwunika kayendetsedwe ka sitima yamalonda, kupulumutsa ndi kufufuza ozunzidwa panyanja.

Anthu ogwira ntchito m'ngalawamo "Bora" anakhala abwino kwambiri. Zochita zonse pansi pa lamulo la kapitala wachiwiri wa Trankovsky zinkachitika mwadongosolo, bwino-bwino - izi zatsimikiziridwa ndi ndemanga zovomerezeka za onse omwe adawona zochitikazo.

Mu Artek

Mtsinje wa Black Sea, womwe unakhazikitsidwa kuyambira nthawi za Soviet Union. Pamene kusintha kunatsekedwa, Bora, sitimayo yomwe idakhala yonyada ya sitima zathu, inadza ku Artek International Center. Pambuyo pokwaniritsa ntchito zotsutsana, BKRP "Bora" inayima pampando wa anawo.

Ali m'ngalawamo ana ambiri adakwera, chifukwa ulendo wawo wapadera unkachitika. Chidziwitsocho chinali chodziwitsa kwambiri, makamaka kwa omwe adaphunzira kuchokera ku flotilla yazamtunda ya ana ku Artek. Apa panali kumasulidwa kwamtundu wa cadets.

Amuna onse anasangalala ndi chochitika ichi ndipo anasiya malingaliro awo abwino atapita ku sitima.

Moto wamoto wamtunduwu, womwe unasinthidwa ku Kampeni ya Mayiko "Artek", unayambika kuchokera pamoto, utengedwa kuchokera ku capsule, unachokera kumbali ya ngalawayo "Bora".

"Bora" ndi "Samum"

Kulankhula za sitimayo "Bora" pamlengalenga, ndizosatheka kutchula mbale wake. Iyi ndiyo "Samum" RCVP. Nkhaniyi ndizofanana. "Samum" ndi wamng'ono kwambiri. "Bora" ndi "Samum" - ngalawa za mtundu wofanana, zomwe zili m'kalasi la zombo za misala pamphepete mwa mpweya.

Woyamba anaika ngalawa "Bora" ku Zelenodolsk pafupi ndi Kazan mu 1984, pa "Red Metallist". Madzi anamasulidwa mu 1987, ndipo mu 1991 - adaphatikizidwa ku Black Sea Fleet.

"Samum" ili ndi mbiri yakale yodutsa. Maziko a RCVP anali mu 1991, adaponyedwa m'madzi mu 1992. Mtsinje wa Inland unasamutsidwa ku Black Sea. Mu 1992 - mu Kerch, mu 1993 - ku Sevastopol. Pazifukwa zomveka, chaka chomwecho, ndinatumizidwa ku Zelenodolsk kwa wopanga. Mu September 1994 adachoka ku Baltic. Kumeneku, mu 1996, adayesedwa ku Baltiysk. Mwalamulo, Baltic Fleet inayamba mu 2000. M'chaka cha 2002 "Samum" RCVP inasamukira ku Black Sea Fleet. Analowa m'gulu la mabomba okwera mabomba a Black Sea Fleet.

Amuna omwe adagwira ntchito pa sitima za nkhondoyi amakumbukira kwa nthawi yayitali zaka zomwe anathawa m'sitima, kusiya maphokoso oyamikira. Winawake akunena kuti utumiki unabweretsa chifuniro ndikuwongolera khalidwelo, pamene ena nthawi zonse amaloweza zochitika za nkhondo. Ndipo, ndithudi, aliyense amachitira mwachikondi za mgwirizano mu gulu, ubwenzi ndi chithandizo. Ndi pa zombo zankhondo zomwe abale amabadwa.

Kodi dzina lakuti "Bora" ndi "Samum" linachokera kuti?

Kwa maulendo a Soviet, otchedwa "Bora" ndi "Samum", poyamba akuwoneka osamvetsetseka komanso osasangalatsa. Ndipotu, masiku ambiri zinthu zonse zofunika kwambiri zimatchedwa mayina a umunthu wamakono kapena zochitika zazikulu, polemekeza CPSU misonkhano, misonkhano ya Komsomol.

Koma iyi inali mzere wa ngalawa zomwe zinalandira mayina odabwitsa kwambiri. Pofika zaka za m'ma 30 zapitazo, sitimayo zinayamba kuwonekera panyanja (makamaka, owononga), omwe ankavala mafunde, monga "Mphepo yamkuntho." Anthu oyendetsa sitimawo anawatcha "chigawenga cha nyengo yovuta." Otsatira a mndandanda umenewu anali IWC "Storm", "Shkval", "Storm" project 1234. Ndipo mwambowu unapitirizabe sitima zazitsulo pamakonzedwe apansi a polojekiti 1239. Mlengi Korolev analimbikitsa kuti awaitane ndi mayina a mphepo yowonongeka mwadzidzidzi. "Bora" ndi mphepo yakuda ndi yoyera yomwe ikuchokera kumpoto. Chofunika kwambiri ndi "Novorossiysk bora". "Samum" ndi dzina la Chiarabu la mphepo yotentha ya ku Africa, yomwe imabweretsa mvula yamkuntho yamphamvu, kugona pa njira yake. Motero, ngalawa ziŵiri za ku Russia zimatchulidwa ndi mphepo zamphamvu, zimadula madzi a m'nyanja mofulumira, kuthetsa zopinga pa njirayo.

Zochitika zazikulu

Ngakhale kuti anali wachinyamata, sitima yapamtunda ya Missile, yomwe inalipo, inachita zida zoposa zana ndi zinyama. Analengeza mobwerezabwereza RKVP yabwino kwambiri mu kusakaniza kwake, adapambana mphoto zosiyanasiyana mu maphunziro osiyanasiyana. Amalongosola bwino dzina lake, chifukwa "Bora" ndi mphepo yamphamvu kwambiri yomwe imabweretsanso.

• Mu June 2002, panali mgwirizano wambiri pakati pa dziko la Ukraine ndi Russia, pambuyo pake ngalawa zonyamula mlengalenga, zotchedwa "Bora" ndi "Samum", zinagwirizanitsidwa ndi gulu limodzi la zombo za Black Sea Fleet ya Russian Federation
• November, 2006. Chitsanzo cha sitimayo ya "Bora" chinawonetsedwa kuwonetsero ku Jakarta ku Exode Indencefence.
• Chaka cha 2008. Anakhala kukonza kwamakono.
• March, 2009. Zomwe zimapanga ntchitoyi K-2 zakhala zikugwira ntchito.
• May 2013. Ulendo woyamba ku doko ku Istanbul. Kuchita nawo chiwonetsero cha IDEF-2013.
• August 2013. Kuchita nawo mbali pulojekiti ya Black Sea Fleet Blackseafor.
• Chaka cha 2015. Kulowa mumzinda wamtendere wa Sevastopol m'mphepete mwa nyanja pa Tsiku la Navy.
• Chilimwe cha 2015. Kukonzekera kwamakono kwa sitimayo kunali kopambana kwambiri.
• Chilimwe cha 2016. Pachiwonetsero cha Sevastopol pa Tsiku la Navy, kutenga nawo mbali kunagwiridwa ndi "Samum" RCVP.