Bwato "roketi" hydrofoil: maonekedwe, zochita zake. zoyendera madzi

Bwato "roketi" - ngalawayo okonzeka ndi mapiko pansipa waterline lapansi. Iwo zimagawidwa monga "P" ndipo lakonzedwa yokonza munthawi yomweyo okwera 64-66. mphamvu yeniyeni ndi kusinthidwa galimoto. "Roketi" ali miyeso ya 27 × 5 × 4.5 m, ndi njira ya 1.1 mamita unayikidwa, nthawi osagwira - 1.8 mamita mu kusamutsidwa unladen ya chotengera -. 18, mu kudzazidwa - 25,3. Sitima kungakulimbikitseni pa liwiro la 70 Km / h, koma zolimbana - pa 60 ndi 65 km / h. wina tinakwera ndi waukulu injini akonzeratu 900-1000 HP mphamvu anapereka kwa mu kamangidwe.

ndi chidwi

Bwato "roketi" - si mankhwala umodzi koma mndandanda wonse, anapezerapo ulimi mu nthawi ya Soviet Union. Ntchito zomwe kumanga zotengera ankatchedwa:

• 340ME;
• 340;
• 340E.

Tinayamba kutulutsa magalimoto mu 1957. kupangidwa mpaka za m'ma 70s. Nthawi imeneyi, madzi unayambitsidwa mazana atatu maboti makonzedwe mtsinje zoyendera. Woyamba wa amenewa anali dzina lophiphiritsira "roketi-1." yomanga ake ali ndi maganizo kunyadira fakitale "Red Sormovo".

Bwato "roketi-1" anapanga ulendo woyamba mu 1957, izo unayambitsidwa pa 25 August. njira adathamanga pakati Kazan ndi Nizhny Novgorod. Total chotengera anagonjetsa makilomita 420 padziko madzi pafupifupi maola! Chinachake chimene anasonyeza bwato "roketi" specifications, nakantha malingaliro a anthu wamba. 30 mwayi opambana anakhala anthu, amene kwa nthawi yoyamba imeneyi nthawi yochepa pa madzi anatha kupanga ulendo chidwi.

Yalelo

Boti "roketi" (bwato liwiro - 70 km / h) wasonyeza options yabwino kwambiri, mwamsanga zinatchuka. Dzina la chida mtundu pasanapite nthawi anakhala mawu banja. Mwambo umenewu lidakalipobe mpaka pano - lero "zida" dzina zombo zonse amafanana tingachipeze powerenga Soviet sitimayo.

Mu Soviet Union, mtsinje bwato "roketi" analipo si aliyense. mabanja olemera akanatha ulendo mlungu ena dera wokongola: oyendetsa anabweretsa m'basimo kuti kumalo wokongola ndipo coves kuti ali kuwerengedwa kwa anzakewo ndi dziko. Koma mtengo umenewu kuluma wovuta. Mwachitsanzo, sitima zomwe zinali zotheka kupita mtunda wofanana ku mzinda ndi mtengo mu nthawi. Komabe, zabwino madzi zosangalatsa banja lonse, osati bwato "roketi", ankaganizira anali sangathe.

Today sitimayo ili ndi ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Mwachitsanzo, Tingaone pa siteshoni mtsinje wa Nizhny Novgorod. Tsiku ndi tsiku chotengera wokhulupirika magalimoto okwera pakati pa mizinda ndi kukokolola alendo pa maulendo ulendowu.

Capital "roketi"

maboti ntchito kamodzi ankamuona ngati ziwembu, amene ayenera kumanga luso madzi likulu kwambiri Soviet - Moscow. Choncho cholinga shipbuilders awo abwino a m'nthawi imeneyo. Choncho, mwamsanga pamene woyamba "roketi-1" mwamsanga pamene chombo chidali likulu izo unayambitsidwa. kuwuluka Kwake koyamba unachitika mu 1957 m'miyezi yotentha pamene mzinda makamu chikondwerero wodzipereka kwa ophunzira ndi achinyamata. Zinali chochitika mayiko, pamene akuluakulu anali kupita kusonyeza bwino kuti pali mu Soviet Union. Ndipo zombo la khoti, ndithudi, kwambiri.

Misa hydrofoils inayambanso mu mtsinje wa Moscow kokha kumayambiriro kwa zaka khumi zotsatira, kumene anali kulandira bwino mpaka 2006. Ndipo kuyambira 2007, boma linakhazikitsa ntchito zikuluzikulu kubwezeretsa kumtunda waterway zoyendera, makamaka paki "zida". Popeza 2009, ndege zonse kupanga zombo anayi amenewa:

• 102 (okha flights VIP);
• 185;
• 191 (poyamba shuttled monga mphindi 244);
• 246.

magwero zosavomerezeka amanena kuti posachedwapa padzakhala hydrofoils zina pa ntchito lodziwika bwino Soviet - mwamsanga pamene ntchito yomalizidwa kubwezeretsa makina.

makhalidwe General

Hydrofoil ndi chombo kudya, amene amagwira ntchito pa mfundo thandizo zazikulu. m'chombo ali alumikizana, nakonza "mapiko" pansi. Ngati chombo limayenda pang'onopang'ono kapena waima, muyezo amaperekedwa ndi mphamvu buoyancy. Pamene kukweza za kuwonjezeka liwiro limapezeka kopo- mphamvu padziko madzi, kumaputa mapiko. Mapulani walola kuchepetsa madzi kukana, kumene kumakhudza liwiro la.

Mtsinje amaona Water Transport ndi mapiko chiyani poyamba zinkaoneka ngati zosatheka - liwiro kusambira pamodzi mitsempha madzi a dziko. Tsopano ulendo unali kuchoka mwa maola, zikubweretsa kuwonjezeka mofulumira kutchuka zoyendera. Pa nthawi yomweyo zombo ndi zimakhalanso zotsika mtengo ntchito, ndi yodziwika ndi moyo wautali utumiki. Zonsezi wakhala maziko mpikisano, kotero kuti kuyambira pamene iwo kuyamba lero mitundu "mapiko" zoyendera madzi - mpikisano kwambiri njira zina kuyenda.

Neraketnye "zida"

"Roketi" anakhala osati galimoto ya mtundu uwu. Iwo anali wopereka Launch woyamba wa madzi a m'Matchalitchi izi kuti sitima mtsinje chombo, ndipo chaka chamawa anapita ndege hydrofoil bwato "Volga". Mwa zina, iwo anawonetsa pa chionetsero Brussels, ndi n'zosadabwitsa: sitimayo anacititsa n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi.

Madzi patapita zaka ziwiri pambuyo woyamba "chammwamba" (wina analogue a "maroketi") ndiyeno "nyenyezi", omwe anakhala woyamba mu malo nyanja iyi mtundu wa ngalawa. Kwa zaka zambiri, ambiri aona kuwala kwa "The mbalameyi", "mmene kanyamaka" ndi "makina a mlengalenga". Pomaliza, korablestroitelstva pamwamba m'dera limeneli angatchedwe ngalawa "Petrel" - wathunthu mpweya chopangira mphamvu sitimayo.

Kunyada kwa Soviet Union

Soviet Union anali m'munsi waukulu wa zombo pa hydrofoils, ndipo m'njira zambiri anali anaonetsetsa chifukwa chakuti amasulidwe "roketi" anali kukhazikika bwino. Koma dziko sanagwiritse ntchito yokha onse wopangidwa: malonda anali tweaked zombo njira kunja. Total "zida" amagulitsidwa khumi m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

chombo kapangidwe ndi mapiko pansi madzi makamaka anachitira ndi Rostislav Alekseev. "Roketi" - ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zofunika kukhala onyada. M'chombo, oyesa njira kuti makilomita mazana asanu, chothetsera ndalama padera mu izo ndi kukhala wokongola lero.

zotsimikizira kwambiri

BWATO "roketi" anasonyeza angachite kwambiri, zodalirika kutsimikiziridwa, ndipo zinaonekeratu kuti iwo ndi zambiri chiyembekezo, boma anaganiza kuyamba kuŵeta galimoto. Ntchito anapatsidwa fakitale "Nyanja" ili Feodosiya. Chinachake kenako anatha kukhazikitsa ulimi wa zombo m'mizinda zotsatirazi:

• Leningrad;
• Khabarovsk;
• Nizhny Novgorod;
• Volgograd.

Komanso anakonza kupanga pa dera la Georgia, ku mzinda wa Poti.

zombo opangidwa zimagulitsidwa ku:

• Finland;
• Romania;
• Lithuania;
• China;
• Germany.

Ndipo lero, "maroketi" kupita ku mayiko ena awa. Ngalawa kenako n'kukhala m'munda, odyera, cafeteria.

Ndipo monga udaikidwa?

Kuyang'ana momwe chombo anakhala bwino, zivute zitani zikuoneka kuti boma anakonza. Koma zinali choncho kwenikweni? ntchitoyo anayamba kupanga kuyang'aniridwa ndi Utumiki wa Shipbuilding, zimachokera ku boma - ichi ndi choona angatsutse. Koma malipoti mbiri zosonyeza kuti ziyembekezo zenizeni ndi akuluakulu ziyembekezo ndi zitsanzo izi si zogwirizana. Ichi chinali chifukwa cha mlili wa malingaliro sanali muyezo ngati - anaopa kuti akhoza zonse zidzatenthedwa. Ndipo uyu anali nthawi pamene n'zosavuta kwambiri kukhala "molakwikatu", omwe sakanakhoza amangokhala n'zongochedwetsana, koma kukhala ndi kugwa wathunthu.

Pofuna kuchita bwino kwathu, waluntha Soviet Wokhoma zombo Rostislav Alexeyev kanalalikira pazipita - kupanga ndi kumanga chombo ndi kusonyeza si aliyense mulimonse, koma kamodzi Khrushchev yekha, ndiye yopambana akuluakulu onse m'munsi mlingo. Dongosolo kufika anali ndi mwayi wa bwino ndipo akuyendera chilimwe cha 1957. Sitimayo "pa mapiko a 'akuunikira pa Moscow Mtsinje, ndipo nakocheza pa Marina mwachisawawa, koma nthawi zambiri ankakonda kusiya Mlembi General. Alexeev anapempha Nikita Khrushchev pa bolodi. Choncho anayamba kusambira, amene analola chombo kukhala lodziwika bwino. Ngakhale zili choncho, nkhope chachikulu cha dziko kuwunika zimene zinachititsa kusirira omvera kuti akakokoloredwe magalimoto onse. Inde, Mlembi General anachita chidwi ndi liwiro la. Zinali ndiye kuti mawu anabadwa anasunga kwa mibadwo: "Ndakhuta wa ife pa mitsinje ng'ombe ulendo! Tidzamanga! ".

History sikuthetsa

Inde, "zida" anali wotchuka, anali kunyada kwa mtundu, kukondedwa, wodziwika, woyamikiridwa, kwa iwo kulipira ndalama. Koma patapita nthawi, zombo pang'onopang'ono zimasintha. Kumene, nthawi yoyamba iwo anakonza, koma pamene yakale Union anapita "kutsikatsika" sanali kuti ngalawa. Luso obsolescence ndi zoyendera mtsinje anakula yekha. Panthawi ina ndinaona kuti tsogolo umenewu pafupifupi palibe njira ya, makamaka mu zaka khumi zotsatira.

Ndipo zaka pang'ono zapitazo tinayamba pulogalamu kutsitsimutsa zombo yabwino ya Soviet Union - "zida". Pamodzi ndi iwo anaganiza kuti aganyali mu "nyenyezi" ndi "Meteora". Ngakhale zinthu m'malo mavuto a zachuma m'dziko boma lalephera kuonetsetsa ndalama ntchito pokonzanso zoyendera ndi wamakono wa zombo zosowa za nthawi yathu. A msonkhano wapadera wakhala akupangidwa kuti athandizire pa Court ndi mapiko pansi madzi. Inasanduka zofunika mu 2016, pamene sitima "nyenyezi 120M" anali kuonetsera kuti khama sanapite zidutswa.

Koma "roketi" anali poyamba?

Tsopano anthu ochepa kukumbukira za izo, koma "roketi" sanali kuyesa loyamba kulenga mtundu zoyendera. Pamaso anali chitukuko, zikusonyeza kuti n'zotheka kukwaniritsa bwino ntchito liwiro poika mapiko pansi alumikizana ndi. Ganizo ngati chotengera anabadwa cha m'ma XIX!

Bwanji chilichonse chanzeru kumanga pamaso zikhale Alexeyev? injini Choyamba nthunzi anagwiritsa ntchito amene ali m'malo mphamvu zochepa. Mwachidule sikokwanira kukhala liwiro limene mapiko anali kwenikweni adzakhala zothandiza. Choncho, pa siteji kuti zonse zikuthera Kutengeka ndi maganizo "monga iwo angakhalire." Komabe, izi inali nthawi yosangalatsa: omvera nthawi zonse anaona mitundu yonse yatsopano ya nyumba, ndipo limatchula za mlathowo zombo anapereka mbiri, koma miyezi wadutsa - ndipo anam'ponya kale chotengera chatsopano. Mtundu inkaoneka. Mu anthu, sitima yoyamba okonzeka ndi mapiko m'madzi, amatchedwa "chule". Ngakhale anasamukira msanga, koma anakwera pamwamba m'madzi ndipo wosakhazikika ndithu.

Mkulu-liwiro zombo: zinali bwanji?

Mu 1941, mu Nizhny Novgorod (lomwe masiku amenewo anatchedwa Gorky) nkhani yolembedwa anali kumbuyo pa Institute Industrial anadzipereka kwa glider ndi mapiko pansi madzi. Mlembi wa ntchito iyi Rostislav Alekseev - amene "ndi mphepo" tsogolo kukwera Khrushchev mu Moscow.

Zojambula anasonyeza ntchito kwambiri ngalawa, pamodzi ndi ntchito liwilo. Izo zimayenera ntchito pa mfundo, poyamba silinakwaniritsidwe anabweretsa moyo. Dziko nthawi chabe kulibe chirichonse chonga izo. Nena amene loweruza kutulo - ndiye, osati theka nakondwera awo komanso kudabwa.

Mwayi ndi conservatism

A Inde dipuloma unachitikira kwa Alekseeva "chabwino" ndipo anamuuza kuti akatunge lipoti limene akufuna kubweretsa ntchito ku moyo. Chikalatachi anatumizidwa ku apanyanja ndipo analandira atangodzipereka kuyankha zinalephereka dera n'kosayenera alibe chidwi okonza kwambiri.

Wamkulu amalume mu Soviet Navy mu igrushechki osati ankasewera! Chabwino ife anasaina kumapeto kwa m'malo okweza kwa injiniya wamng'ono mawu akuti: ". Inu muli patsogolo pa nthawi yake"

Pamene khama Umapeza kusakhulupirira

Ena asiya pa malopo ndi Rostislav: panali nkhondo, kunalibe ndalama, zinthu zili zoopsa anali ovuta, ndi zimene likuoneka posachedwa m'tsogolo ndipo zonse zinali zosatheka kuti aganizire. Koma katswiri wamng'ono sanafune kusiya. Ndinadutsa chaka kuyambira wosamasula kalata, ndipo tsopano Alekseev analankhulana ndi Krylov, mlengi mkulu wa mbewu, makamaka zoyendera madzi. Munthu uyu anzeru, aluso m'tsogolo ndipo anaona zithunzi za chatsopanochi mbali zomangamanga yojambula ndipo anafuna kuyang'ana pa iwo kwambiri. Kenaka zaka zingapo yomangika ya nkhondo ndipo posakhalitsa. okayikira ambiri akhala akudzudzula polojekiti, mu akatswiri ankagwira pa izo mwakhama. Ndipo mu 1957, inafika bwino kwenikweni.

Sitimayo latsopano anakumana kudya ndipo mwamsanga pambuyo pake anapita ku likulu, mwangozi - pa nthawi ya chikondwerero mayiko, zomwe kukaona mutu wa boma. Mu maola 14 okha, chotengera anafika ku powonekera, pamene ntchito pa nthawi ngalawa mtsinje kuphimba mtunda izi mu masiku atatu. Koma momwe nkhaniyo anayamba zina, mukudziwa kale.

Kodi iye akuyembekezera Alekseev ngati kupambana? Mwina inde. Ngakhale kuti sikelo ya pasadakhale Zinali zovuta ndikuganiza. Kodi tikuyembekezera kubweranso kwa tsopano kusinthidwa "roketi" pa madzi a dziko lathu? Mosakayikira, inde. ngalawa iyi anali wofunika m'mbiri ndi dziko cholowa, ndipo kunali galimoto yabwino, applicable tsiku ndi tsiku.