Bowa - ndi nyama kapena mbewu?

Izi zolengedwa zachilengedwe ndi bwino kuti ife kuyambira ali mwana. Aliyense akudziwa za ntchito ya bowa mu zakudya munthu, kupanga zinthu zina zogwiritsa chakudya (mwachitsanzo, yogurt, buledi, tchizi, vinyo), mu chilengedwe cha mankhwala-mankhwala. Koma anthu ambiri funso "Bowa - ndi chomera kapena chinyama, zipatso kapena ndiwo zamasamba," mwina kuyankha adakali pa imfa bwino. Koma ngati sayansi yokha zomera funso limeneli adzaona osati kalekale, kodi kulankhula kwa nzika wamba?

mycology

Lingaliro la bowa, monga akutali gawo Wildlife, atangotha mu 70s Mu zaka zapitazo. Bowa limanenedwa ngati ufumu wa chilengedwe kulumikizanitsa zamoyo zomwe zili mbali ya zomera ndi nyama (zoona, bowa - izi ndi izo, ndi china). Kafukufuku wa sayansi zolengedwa awa anaima mu mycology sayansi - gawo zomera.

zosiyanasiyana

Ufumu wa bowa ndi yosiyanasiyana - kwachilengedwenso ndi chilengedwe. Tizilombo timeneti akhala mbali yofunika ndi yofunika ena a dongosolo la chilengedwe, madzi ndi nthaka. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana, akatswiri mycology, dziko alipo pakati pa 100,000 ndi pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni mitundu ya zilombo izi. bowa makalasi (monga la 2008), panali 36, ndipo banja - 560.

Bowa m'chilengedwe

Udindo wa zamoyo izi mu dongosolo zachilengedwe a Dziko Lapansi. bowa ambiri atembenuke organic mu zochita kupanga, kuchita makamaka yotaya maselo akufa organic. chomera A Zikatero, pozindikira ndi kudalirana ndi bowa chakudya pa zinthu za ntchito zawo zofunika. Kucheza ndi bowa ndi zomera apamwamba algae, ndi tizilombo ndiponso nyama. Choncho ruminants, bowa - yofunika ndi yofunika zikuluzikulu chimbudzi zakudya zomera.

Ntchito miyoyo ya anthu

Kuyambira kale, ndi bowa - ndi choyamba, gwero la chakudya cha ena mwa anthu. Mumadziwika mfundo zolembedwa za ntchito ya bowa zaka zikwi zisanu zapitazo (koma, ndithudi, iwo ankadya monga chakudya ngakhale cavemen). Chifukwa bowa alipo mu niches zosiyanasiyana za chikhalidwe - ndi madzi, pa mtunda ndi mpweya - popanda iwo si anakwanitsa ndi yokonza zakudya zina. Ena mitundu ya tchizi, yogurt, yisiti mkate, mowa - mankhwala awa anali basi chifukwa ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya zinthu izi. Masiku ano bowa - izo alinso zopangira kwa kupanga mankhwala ena (mankhwala), omwe amapha mabakiteriya kuti kuthandiza zochizira matenda kale amapha ngati chibayo.

Kubereka ndi kufalitsa

Mu bowa ndi othandiza kwambiri, olengedwa mwa chibadwa, njira kubalana. Spores Fungal ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo maselo ndi kukula tosaoneka (1 100 microns). Maselo amenewa muli pang'ono zinthu chakudya, ndipo kawirikawiri kupulumuka. Koma pamene iwo kulowa mu chikhalidwe ndi malo abwino okhala, germinating, Kubala mycelium latsopano. Mlingo kupulumuka otsika imalipidwa ndi chikhalidwe yaikulu ya nkhani. Choncho bowa tinder kukula sing'anga chimabala spores 30 biliyoni ndi bowa - mpaka 40! Kodi pali mafangasi spores asexual ndi kugonana kubereka, kuchita ntchito zosiyanasiyana mu kwenikweni miyoyo bowa. The choyamba - kuti resettlement misa mu nyengo kukula. The chachiwiri - kulenga zosiyanasiyana mbewu.

Kefir bowa

Kwenikweni, si munthu chabe, koma gulu lonse la zinthu zosiyanasiyana. N'zochititsa chidwi Kefir bowa (mwinamwake kudziwika monga Chitibeta kapena mkaka) akuimira kudalirana tizilombo a mitundu yosiyanasiyana anapanga m'kupita kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Zilombozi ali kotero ndinazolowera moyo pamodzi kuti zinthu ngati thupi limodzi ndi indivisible. A maziko woyera kapena chikasu ya kefir bowa makamaka sourness akupanga yisiti ndi streptococci (lactic asidi Bacillus), zomwe kudziwa kufunika kwake zakudya ndi kupindula kwa thupi. Ambiri, zikuchokera ya kudalirana izi ndi zoposa 10, ndi tizilombo zosiyanasiyana zomwe kukula ndi kuchulukitsa pamodzi, monga mabakiteriya asidi acetic. Choncho, chifukwa cha luso moyo m'madera a zamoyo akhoza zimachitika mankhwala lactic acid ndi mankhwala a nayonso mphamvu mowa imodzi. Mu Chitibeta analandira kefir zikuphatikizapo asidi lactic, ndi mowa, ndi carbon dioxide, ndi michere, amene amaupereka m'maganizo wapadera ndi palatability (kuwonjezera ntchito ndi ntchito zonse).

History of kefir Chitibeta

Iwo ali m'zaka zoposa chimodzi. Malinga ndi olemba mbiri, Kefir bowa wakhala kwa zaka zikwi zingapo. Chimonko, acidify mkaka miphika wapadera dothi, ife tinazindikira kuti sours m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Choncho anatulukira ndi otukuka kefir bowa. M'kupita kwa nthawi, amonke Chitibeta anaphunzira kuti mankhwala akamagwira co-nayonso mphamvu ndi kugwira ntchito kwa mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo, kuli ndi ubwino kwambiri pa ziwalo za thupi la munthu ndi ntchito zonse, kulimbikitsa ndi kumanganso. Chiwindi ndi mmimba, kapamba ndi mtima anamva bwino kwambiri! Kuyambira kale, Chitibeta ndi kuchiza matenda ambiri Yogurt, ntchito makamaka ngati prophylactic a.