British Hong Kong (British Hong Kong) - History. M'midzi wakale British

British Hong Kong - maphunziro onse omwe ankati ndi China ndi United Kingdom. A dongosolo zovuta mabacteria mayiko chilumba ichi pafupifupi palokha ndipo kuchokera kuti ndi ochokera m'mayiko ena, ndipo malamulo owolowa manja msonkho kulola boma kuti akhale mmodzi mwa zigawo yachangu kukula mu dziko.

prehistory

Mbiri ya Hong Kong akuyamba kuzungulira 30,000 zapitazo. Malinga ndi ofukula, ndi imodzi mwa ngodya otchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi, pamene tayamba anthu akale anapezeka. Kwa nthawi yaitali malowa kwathunthu wokwatibwa ndi China. Mu ulamuliro wa pa Mafumu Tang , dera ankatchedwa malo mayiko wa zamalonda. Hong Kong wakhala kudziwika monga sewerolo yaikulu ya mchere, doko panyanja, pakati kuzembetsa.

Chiyambi cha Opium Nkhondo

Mu 1836, boma Chinese anagwira review yaikulu ya malamulo m'munda wa malonda yaiwisi bongo. Lin anavomera kutenga pa ntchito kutsekereza kufala kwa bongo. Mu March 1839 anakhala wapadera Imperial Commissioner pa Canton, kumene analamula amalonda ena kusiya kumwa m'matangadza awo. Iye anaika mwayi kwa amalonda British ndi mafakitale Canton anatha kudula iwo ku amapereka. Chief Inspector malonda, Charles Elliott, Lin walola kugwiritsa ntchito musankhepo kulola kuchoka abwino otetezeka ku Opium msika amalonda British ndi ndalama okhudzidwa akanayenera kuthetsa mgwirizano pakati pa maboma awiriwa. Elliott analonjeza kuti boma la Britain kulipira kwa m'matangadza Opium amalonda m'deralo. Choncho, amalonda waikamo zifuwa zawo, amene anali makilogalamu 20,283 ya bongo. Kenako, m'matangadza awa inathetsedwa msonkhanowo wa anthu.

kulankhula ndi British

British nduna anaganiza kuti anthu Chinese ayenera kulangidwa mu September 1839. anthu East anali kulipira kuba katundu British. Aboma Force ankapita ndi Charles Elliot ndi m'bale wake mu 1840. Ankaonetsetsa nyumba, Ambuye Palmerston. Izo zinali mu pempho lake kwa Chinese Imperial boma zinafotokozedwa kuti boma la British musakangane angathe kupereka Chinese awo Opium malonda, koma anatsutsa mmene ntchito imeneyi ikuchitika. Ambuye anaona makumi mwadzidzidzi kumangika kwa kulamulira Opium ngati msampha kwa akunja (makamaka - kwa British) amalonda, yaiwisi bongo ndi zinthu Letsani kuperekedwa monga sitepe oipa ndi lolakwika. Wotsimikizira zimenezi Pempho kanthu, Ambuye analangiza Corps aboma kutenga chimodzi mwa zilumba pafupi, ndipo ngati Chinese osaganizira mokwanira zofunikira za British, madoko Chinese wa Yangtze ndi chipika Yellow bwalo British. Mu kupempha, izo nkhawa amalonda British sayenera analumphira wosaloleka amafuna oipa wa utsogoleli m'dera chilichonse cha madoko a ufumuwo Chinese.

anagwirizana

Mu 1841, pambuyo zokambirana ndi Bambo Qi Shan, amene anapambana ndi lodziwika bwino Lin, Elliott analengeza pangano kuyambirira, omwe anazindikira lamanja la British ku chilumba cha Hong Kong ndi doko lake. Choncho anabadwa British Hong Kong. Flag a Great Britain anawomberedwa pa chitetezo wakale wa chisumbucho, ndipo Commander Dzheyms Bremen anayamba kulamulira kwa chilumbachi dzina la British Korona. Hong Kong analonjeza kukhala m'munsi wapatali kuti alimi malonda British kuchigawo Canton. Mu 1842, kulanda chilumbacho mwalamulo linalowa nawo m'Pangano, ndi Hong Kong «Wosatha" anakhala Britain.

Chiwerengero cha njuchi

Pangano, yolembedwa ndi Britain ndi boma Chinese sakanakhoza kukwaniritsa ngakhale mmodzi kapena mbali inayo. Mu kugwa kwa 1856, boma la China Kutsekeledwa chotengera wachokera ku China, malo ofikira alendo ndi British Hong Kong anali anasonyeza. Kazembe mu Canton akatulukire kwa akuluakulu Chinese ndi mfundo m'ndende amenewa ndi kunyoza chikhalidwe kwambiri. Hong Kong makonzedwe lagwira chochitikacho patsogolo ndondomeko zawo. M'chaka cha 1857 Ambuye Palmerston yoikidwiratu nthumwi Eldzhvina a mbali British ndi nkhani za malonda ndi chitetezo, ndi kumulamulira iye kulemba latsopano, zambiri opindulitsa pangano ndi China. Pa nthawi yomweyo British anaganiza zolimbitsira ake mu zokambirana likudzalo, ndipo anamaliza ake nyumba mwini French aboma. Mu 1860, zochita olowa analandidwa Dagu linga nakhala Beijing, chimatipangitsa boma Chinese kuvomereza zofuna British. Mu mbiri ya kanjedza chitsutso mayina Opium malonda nkhondo, omwe ali kukodzedwa madera kunja kwa British Ufumu ndipo zinatha kugonjetsedwa kwa China. Malinga ndi mapangano walemba, British anali wakutsegula madoko awo, momasuka Muyenda Yangtze Mtsinje, izo anabwerera ufulu kusinthanitsa mwalamulo ku bongo ndipo ndi utumwi zawo za mgwirizano wa mayiko pa Beijing. Komanso, pankhondo, thupi English angatenge Kowloon Peninsula. yachonde Ichi ndi phindu ndithu kuthekera - izo zikanakhoza kumanga mzinda watsopano kumbuyo mzere.

Kukula ndi kuphatikiza

Pofika m'zaka 19 mochedwa, ankalamulira adafuna kukuza British Hong Kong chitetezo. Pa nthawiyi, zokambirana ndi mbali Chinese anali anapezerapo, zimene zinachititsa kuti kusaina msonkhano wachiwiri wa Beijing June 9, 1989. Pamene maboma ena kale anavomera kuti sitingathe kupeputsa ulamuliro wa China ndi chigawo ndi chigawo kugwetsera kutali gawo la British Hong Kong analandira ena amanena chilolezo. Zimenezi zinathandiza China 'kupulumutsa nkhope "mu mawonekedwe a ulamuliro mwadzina pa kupatuka a dziko, ndi British - Ndipotu kudzilamulira Hong Kong pa ngongole. Hong Kong malo anausiya boma British kwa zaka 99. Komanso pansi ulamuliro wa British Isles anapatsidwa 230, omwe anatchedwa gawo latsopano British. Mwalamulo, Britain adalowa chuma zosakhalitsa Hong Kong ndi ena a dziko 1899. Apa opareshoni malamulo yake yosiyana ndi kumtunda, ntchito makhoti, apolisi ndi miyambo - yense amene kutsindika paokha wa British Hong Kong. ndalamayo anali kupezeka m'dera lino lonse Asia Southeast.

zaka za nkhondo

Pamaso pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, Hong Kong anatsogolera chete kuli imodzi mwa madera ambiri British, amene anabalalika padziko lonse. Chiyambireni cha nkhondo, anaganiza kuti alimbikitse ntchito ya usilikali chifukwa chitetezo cha m'dera latsopano British ndi boma Chinese. Mu 1941, boma la Britain zinasaina asilikali mgwirizano pangano, chimene kuukira pa British Hong Kong Chinese asilikali dziko angalamule kuukira Japanese kumbuyo. Izi zichitike kufooketsa kuthamanga mdani pa asilikali British. December 8 nkhondo inayamba Hong Kong, imene zoponya mabomba Japanese mpweya kwenikweni anawononga British Air Force kumuukira wina. Patapita masiku awiri, ndi Japanese anagumula mzere yodzitetezera ku madera atsopano. Mkulu British, Major-General Christopher Maltbi anazindikira kuti chilumba nthaŵi yaitali popanda zolimba, kotero mkulu anachoka brigade wake ku Chile. December 18 Japanese analanda Victoria Harbor. Monga wa December 25, bungwe ndi Kuteteza tabadwa matumba ka kukana. Maltbi analimbikitsa kudzipereka kwa kazembe wa Hong Kong - Sir Mark Young, amene anandiuzazo kuchepetsa kuwonongedwa zotheka mzindawo ndi doko.

Japanese kuwukira

Tsiku lotsatira, pambuyo nkhondo ya Generalissimo Chiang chikalata dongosolo atatu Chinese Corps molamulidwa ndi General J. Hanmou kunjira Hong Kong. Anakonza kuyamba Tsiku Chaka Chatsopano kuukira pa zantchito ku Japan m'chigawo cha Canton. Koma ngakhale pamaso pa oyenda Chinese anali wokhoza kupanga mzere yake kuukira Japan anathyola chitetezo cha Hong Kong. zomvetsa British anapalamula: 2232 asilikali kuphedwa ndi 2,300 ndiwobvulazidwa. The Japanese onena kuti iwo anataya 1996 akufa ndi 6000 molasidwa. Lolemera Japanese utakhala anabweretsa mavuto ambiri. Mzindawu unawonongedwa, anthu anasiya Hong Kong. Dziko akukumana ndi kuchepa ndi anthu onse maka- anthu a anthu ochokera ku British halved. The Japanese kundende kulamulira British atsamunda osankhika nafuna kupambana pa amalonda m'dera ndi kusankhidwa matabwa chenjezo ndi kuyan'anila proteges zawo. mfundo zimenezi zinachititsa kuti mgwirizano waukulu pakati pa osankhika, ndi kalasi pakati, ndi mantha zochepa kwambiri kuposa ena mizinda China.

Japanese utakhala

Hong Kong wakhala lidzasinthidwa njuchi Japanese, ndi kuchuluka kwa nyumba malonda Japanese m'malo mwa British. Komabe, Japanese Ufumu anavutika kwambiri panali, ndi 1943 chakudya chinali vuto Hong Kong. Boma wakhala chiwawa ndiponso achinyengo, ndi Chinese osankhika kukhumudwa. Pambuyo agonje Japanese, unit Umabwerera kwa zothandizira mipingo yawo British anali sabweretsa chisoni, monga kumtunda mtundu ndi mphamvu chikominisi anali kukonzekera nkhondo yapachiweniweni komanso kunyalanyaza zofuna ndi mavuto a Hong Kong. Mu ntchito nthawi yaitali walimbitsa chisanadze nkhondo kuti ndi zachuma pakati pa anthu ammudzi malonda Chinese kuchotsa ena pankhondo chidwi kuti zinachititsa kuti kuchepa kutchuka ndi mphamvu ya British.

Kubwezeretsa ulamuliro Chinese

Kulowetsedwa amerikanskiyh ndi ndalama British msanga kulera njuchi. Pambuyo nkhondo chitukuko cha Hong Kong amasonyeza pang'onopang'ono, kenako - ndi kukula mofulumira chuma. Cha m'ma 80, Hong Kong wakhala mmodzi wa zinayi "Oriental chinjoka" bwinobwino akugwirizira pamalo ake pakali pano. Mu 1997, panali kusintha wapadera ufulu kwa Hong Kong Boma la China. British korona njuchi unatha, ndi Hong Kong anakhala lokha gawo la China. Koma mudzi wa anatha kusunga ufulu wodzilamulira ndi kudzipatula ochokera m'zigawo zina Chinese. Ndi ntchito makhoti yake, apanga malamulo awo omwe, ali makonzedwe yake ndi miyambo. Hong Kong - China ali mwina yekha, ndipo n'zokayikitsa adzakhala mbali ya dongosolo wonse utsogoleri posachedwapa.

Hong Kong Capital

Hong Kong - Dziko ndi pafupifupi silinalandire gawo. Ilibe likulu m'lingaliro ochiritsira mawu. Tikhoza kunena kuti Hong Kong likulu Hong Kong mwiniyo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, magwero osiyanasiyana akusonyeza kuti Victoria ndi likulu la Hong Kong City. Izi m'dera yapamwamba ya mzindawo, imene onse nyumba ndale ndi utsogoleri anali anaikira mu nthawi ya British Raj. Pambuyo atapita yobwereka Victoria City mmodzi mwa madera a Hong Kong, kotero maganizo kuti malo amenewa ndi Hong Kong likulu, ndi chinthu chakale ndi zabodza.

amakono Hong Kong

Pambuyo nkhondo mofulumira chitukuko cha dera Far East kwachititsa chakuti masiku ano British Hong Kong wakhala mmodzi wa mzinda ambiri zazikulu ndi anayamba mu dziko. Chosowa pafupifupi zachilengedwe ali sanaletse kukwaniritsa adatsutsana dera la apamwamba zotheka muyezo wa amoyo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chitukuko cha malamulo, zomangamanga wangwiro ndi zaphindu malo m'mayiko ambiri.

Hong Kong anali kupeza kagawo kakang'ono ake mu chuma cha padziko lonse, ndipo anakhala wopha mu kompyuta, zovala, nsalu ndi mafakitale magetsi. Komabe, injini chachikulu cha chitukuko cha Hong Kong ndi makampani utumiki. The anthu ambiri m'dera amagwira ntchito mu ndalama, zakubanki malonda ndi hotelo makampani. Hong Kong ndi zibwenzi chachikulu ndi United States, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore ndi United Kingdom.

mtima Hong Kong a

Hong Kong pakati angathe kuonedwa kuti chisumbucho lagawidwa mbali ziwiri, zomwe ndi malire mu mawonekedwe a Bay lapansi. Pakati kumtunda komanso chilumba cha mumphangayo atatu mobisa anaika. Pachilumba ndi maudindo ofunika kwambiri oyang'anira mu Hong Kong, kuphatikizapo World Financial Center, okalamba ndi nyumba yatsopano ya Bank of China, dziko Center Exhibition. zosangalatsa kwambiri. Fashion masitolo, zakale yakale yoyendera ndi zibonga Komanso ili pa chilumbacho, pa nthawi iyi za. Hong Kong tinganene kuti monga likulu la kuli anthu m'chigawo cha Asia Southeast.

paradaiso ndi apaulendo

Latsopano Hong Kong - paradaiso okonda zosangalatsa kugula. Masitolo m'dera ndi kusonkhanitsa zopangidwa wotchuka pa mitengo wotsika, ndiponso discos zambiri, zitsulo ndi zibonga ndi lotseguka kwa anthu padziko koloko. Okonda nezi amene mumasangalala ndi Zosayiwalika komanso adzakhutira - mu Hong Kong kumanzere kwambiri za malo otetezedwa ndi m'mapaki kumene mungasangalale chikhalidwe osafikiridwa wa rainforest lapansi. Monga alendo, komanso zinthu zochititsa chidwi ambiri ndi mipingo, kumene inu mukhoza kuwona zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho wapadera anasonkhana kwa zaka masauzande ambiri a mbiri Hong Kong, kuona dziko lalikulu fano la Buddha, kukaona midzi yakutali, kumene komabe amapatsidwa ulemu miyambo yakale. Amayenda ulendo sichidzapita pachabe - ngakhale anthu kachulukidwe kwambiri, Hong Kong anali ndi kukhala m'gulu la mizinda aukhondo mu dziko. Ndi kuyankhulana ayenera alibe vuto - ambiri a anthu Hong Kong amalankhula zabwino mu Chingerezi.

Ngati muli ndi nthawi ndi mwayi - kukaona chilumba chodabwitsa - zidindo za makono Hong Kong, modabwitsa Chili zakale ndi zamakono, muyaya kukumbukira kwanu kwa moyo.