Cargo ZIL-431412. ZIL: makina apadera ndi magalimoto

M'mbiri ya makampani oyendetsa galimoto, munthu angathe kuona nambala yomweyi ya chitukuko chokwera, komanso osapambana, zomera zonse zazikulu kapena ayi. Koma mu fakitale iliyonseyi iwo. Likhachev - ZIL ya Moscow - idzaima yokha. Zitsanzo zake zonse, zomwe zinapangika pakupanga, zinakhala bwino.

Kodi ndiyanjano iti yomwe imabwera pokamba chizindikiro cha ZIL? Kawirikawiri ndilo galimoto yokhala ndi zigoba zozungulira, zomwe ngakhale m'zaka za zana la 21 zimatchedwa ZIL-130. Koma kuyambira kutulutsidwa kwa 130 th conveyor yomaliza, zaka zambiri zadutsa. Anasinthidwa ndi 431410 ZIL monga lendi flatbed. Ndipo 431412 ZIL - monga chasisi yowakhazikitsa matupi ena osiyanasiyana. Ndizitsanzo ziwiri izi zomwe zidzakambirane lero.

Maonekedwe

Mpaka pano, dzinali likugwirizana ndi chowonadi chakuti zaka zoposa theka la kukhalapo kwa mtunduwu, Zilov zamakono zinkachitika kuchokera mkati. Kuwonekera kunasintha pang'ono kapena kusasintha konse. Mwachitsanzo, chithunzithunzi chapamwamba pamwamba pa ZIL 431410 ndizowonjezera, ndipo pamunsimu mzerewu ndi galimoto yamagalimoto (monga momwe adalembedwera), yopangidwa ndi chisilamu cha ZIL yomweyo.

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa magalimoto awiriwo kumangokhala gawo la thupi. Asanayambe kukhala ofanana - malo ozungulira, nyali zozungulira. Makina ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma municipalities, mwachitsanzo, kutsuka kwa madzi, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito tsamba 431412. Pa nthawi yomweyi, amatha kuona ZIL-130 wakale m'misewu, ngakhale kuti zaka zoposa 30 zatha kuchokera pamene chomeracho chinasinthidwa ku galimoto yatsopano mu 1984.

Mbiri

Tsiku la kubadwa kwa galimoto 130yi likuonedwa kuti ndi 1964, pamene ZIL-130 zatsopano zinachoka pamsonkhanowu. Mpaka chaka cha 1984, idali chitsanzo chachikulu cha mbewu. Mu 1984, mabaibulo awiri atsopano amapangidwa ndi nyumba yachikale, koma zatsopano. Yoyamba ikupita, ndipo ngati nthambi ya mbali - galimoto yopanda thupi (chasisi). Yoyamba idatchedwa 431410 ZIL, ndipo ntchito ya yachiwiriyo inakakamizika kukonza zinthu zovomerezeka kale, ndipo zotsatira zake zinali zotsatiridwa ndi 431412 ZIL, osati kutsogolo kwa galimotoyo.

Koma ndi ochepa omwe angakumbukire ZIL wina, wobadwa pa chomera kuzungulira nthawi ino. Analandira chisokonezo cha beskapotny - chisankho cholimba pa nthawiyo, ndipo mu 1977 chitukuko chonsechi chinasunthira ku Naberezhnye Chelny, kenaka anatchedwa KamAZ, ndipo a Muscovite adabwereranso kupanga ZIL-130, zomwe adazipanga mpaka 1984.

Masitepe a msonkhano

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti nthambi yam'mbali, monga njira yaikulu, ngakhale kuti inali ndi nambala yochokera ku chomera cha Moscow, sizinali kupita. M'zaka zimenezo, mfundo yopanga zipangizo zina ku mabungwe ena adagwiritsidwa ntchito, choncho 431412 ZIL anasiya chomeracho, osadvomerezeratu zojambulazo. Zowonjezereka, makasitomala ndi mafelemu anali adasonkhanitsidwabe palimodzi, koma matembenuzidwe oterewa sankatha kugulitsidwa, koma anatumizidwa ku mafakitale ena komwe adalandira zipangizo zina.

Njira yoyamba yogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa 130th ndiyeno njira yowonjezereka ingatchedwe KA-2215, yomwe inatsimikiziridwa - galimoto ya galimoto. Kenaka, poyambira ndondomeko ya magalasi (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano), adalandira dzina lakuti KBA-2215. Kalata "B" imatanthawuza "nsanja". Kenaka zinasintha zina, zomwe zaka 10 zagwiritsira ntchito kansisi yatsopanoyi inali yambiri.

Ntchito yomanga

Mosiyana ndi kale lomweli, chitsanzo chatsopano chinalandira mauthenga asanu, komanso zonse (kupatulapo zoyamba) zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi injiniyo ndi chitukuko cha ZIL. Injini inapatsa hp 150. Ndipo pakompyuta yokhala ndi bokosi lake linapanga makhalidwe abwino nthawi imeneyo. Kuyambira wakale chitsanzo choperekedwa wosakaniza-disk clutch ndi mavuto akasupe pa periphery ndi chipinda cham'mwamba carburetor. Mukhozanso kutulukira fyuluta ya mpweya yokhala ndi kawiri kayeretsedwe.

Galimoto inali ndi luso lapamwamba la dziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a magudumu osakwatira komanso dongosolo la ndondomeko ya mphamvu ya tayala, lomwe linali lafala kwambiri nthawi imeneyo.

Kwa zaka 10 galimotoyo idakonzedwanso mobwerezabwereza kufunikira kwa zipangizo zina zowonjezera, ndipo chidziwitso chomaliza cha ZIL-431412 chinali motere:

• Magalimoto - ZIL-508.10 (150 hp);
• 5MKPP;
• Kutenga mphamvu 6 800 makilogalamu (potembenuzidwa pambuyo pake polimbikitsidwa kufika pa 10,000);
• Kuthamanga kwakukulu ndi 90 km / h;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito - malita 26;
• Mafuta - Аи-76;
• Sitima - 170 l;
• Kupititsa patsogolo;
• Njira zitatu zowononga, wina anatulukira kuti agwirizane ndi msewu.

Ntchito yozoloŵera inali yaikulu malita 26 a antitifreeze (muzizira), 9 malita a M6 kapena M8 mafuta (kwa injini) ndi bateri 6ST-90. Zolemera zonse za ZIL-431412 zinali pafupifupi 12,000 makilogalamu, koma zimadalira mwachindunji zipangizo zina zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mapulogalamu ndi zitsanzo zochokera

Kuwonjezera pa galimoto yowonongeka kale, KS-2561 (galimoto yokhayokha) ndi zipangizo zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito zowonongeka zinasonkhanitsidwanso pazithusi zamakono. Mwachitsanzo, masitepe apansi, makina odiririra, owaza.

Ks2561K idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu otsika-kukwera zomangamanga chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake, kudalirika ndi liwiro la kukhazikitsa. Muzitsulo zofunikira, crane ili ndi mamita 8 (ndikulumikiza kwa mamita 12 chifukwa chayi yapadera). Galasi yoyendetsa galimoto kuchokera ku injini ya galimoto kupyolera mukufalitsa. Njira yokhayokha, yolemetsa ndi yozungulira imakhala ndi machitidwe awo omwe amawotcha. Kuwonjezera pa kukwera mamita 8 (kapena 12), katunduyo akhoza kutsetsereka ku kuya kwa mamita asanu kapena kusuntha nawo pa ndowe.

Sitima yomwe inkakwera pa chisilamu ZIL-431412 ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kuthirira magalimoto (madzi), pofuna kutumiza mankhwala (mkaka kapena madzi). Magalimoto a matanki kuti azitengera mafuta (malo ogulitsira mafuta ndi mafakitale opangira mafuta) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Njira imodzi yothetsera vutoli, yomwe inali yowonjezera, inali yowonongeka, yopangidwa kuti ikwaniritse ntchito iliyonse pamtunda wina. Chinali chigawo chimodzi chophangidwa ngati galimoto ya galimoto, koma mmalo mwa chidziwitso chokhala ndi makina osungirako madzi. Gawo lokwezetsa linali ndi magawo awiri ndipo ankatha kubweretsa dengu kwa kutalika kwa mamita 22. Kulemera kwa chiberekero ndi bukuli kunawerengedwa kuti anthu awiri athe kugwira ntchito mmenemo, popanda kusokonezana wina ndi mzake. Kuti akonze kayendedwe kazitsulo poyenda pamsewu pamwamba pa denga la cabin, mipangidwe yapadera inakhazikitsidwa, zofanana ndi kuikapo phokoso lachilendo. Mofanana ndi galasiyi, zinali zotheka kuika zowonjezera zowonjezera mavitamini pamapulatifomu kuti zithetse bata.

Kutsiliza

Kukula kwa ZILA 130 kunachititsa mndandanda wonse wa kusintha kwa makina omwewo ndi zigawo zina. Zida zambiri, zomwe zinakhazikitsidwa pa 130, zinapitiliza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chisiki cha mtundu watsopano - 431412 ZIL.