Chabwino kuonerera: maonekedwe, mitundu chipangizo ndi makhalidwe

Dongosolo sewerage kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu, amene cholinga kuonetsetsa ntchito amafunika maukonde. Chabwino kuonerera akutumikira monga mmodzi wa nyumba zikulu, imene imagwiridwa ndi akatswiri ndi kuyeretsa ntchito kuchimbudzi. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti izi zigawo za dongosolo ndi chapakati ku zimbudzi kunja.

The mitundu chachikulu

Malinga kopita, mungamvetse mitundu ina ya manholes, kuphatikizapo: liniya, makina, chinsinsi, ulamuliro, kusamba, Perepadnaya, komanso kukula kwake wapadera ndi khosi zikuluzikulu. Liniya ayenera udzakhazikitsidwe pa zigawo molunjika kachitidwe kuchimbudzi ndi phula lomwe zimadalira awiri chitoliro. Makina ali mu malo amenewo kumene dongosolo chimasintha malangizo a mizere, mwachitsanzo pamene cornering. zosinthika Izi isiyana pamwambapa anafotokoza zitsime thireyi masanjidwe, amene akuimira mu mawonekedwe a pamapindikira yosalala ndi utali wozungulira osachepera kupindika. Izo ziyenera kukhala wofanana katatu chitoliro awiri. Kudziwa mbali za kasinthasintha wa akatswiri kukumbukira kuti sayenera kuposa 90 °. Nodal zitsime kuonerera ili pa mfundo kumene gulu limodzi olumikizidwa kwa mizere angapo a dongosolo. Ali ndi chute msonkhano kuti zikugwirizana munthu pazipita okwanira ndi kubwerera mipope atatu. Pankhani Madamu lalikulu, zitsime nodal mu anthuwo amatchedwa polumikiza chipinda.

Kufotokozera za njira zina manholes

zitsime mayeso zili pa mfundo kugwirizana bwalo, kapena maukonde intracanal chomera amene ali pa msewu. Iwo anayikidwa kunja kwa nyumba mzere ku nyumba. zitsime amenewa ndi ofunika kulamulira opareshoni a dongosolo kuwonjezera zinthu. Madera kuyambira zakonzedwa kusamba zitsime kumene Mwina mpweya chifukwa velocities yaing'ono. Perepadnaya zitsime ayenera udzakhazikitsidwe pa mfundo kumene osiyana chakudya chitoliro ndi kubwereketsa chitoliro chizindikiro thireyi. zitsime Special chidwi kwambiri mu kukula ndipo zimaswa khosi. Wokhometsa Choncho ayenera awiri a 600 mamilimita ndi mtunda pakati pa zitsime ndi 50 mamita kapena kuposa.

Features chidzenje

Chabwino kuonerera zachokera thireyi ndi, sunroof, khosi ndi chipinda ntchito. Kamangidwe mukhoza kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana: mwala wophwanyidwa midadada simenti kapena njerwa. Taperekachi Zinthu deta ndi atalonjeza polygonal, kuzungulira kapena anayi. M'munsi wapangidwa kwa analimbitsa slab konkire anaikidwa pa bedi la miyala. Waukulu zamakono mbali ya thireyi zochita anachita mu-situ konkire mtundu M200. Limagwiritsa ntchito formwork, wodzala ndi simenti matope ndipo analimbitsa zolimba.

The bwino ali ndi choonera ngalande wakupambana mu gawo thireyi m'menemo kusuntha madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito. Pankhani liniya Kusiyana kwa chabwino, izo ndi gawo mwachindunji kwa thireyi, ndi pansi - choimirira. Thireyi kutalika sayenera zosakwana chizindikiro amene amasankha m'mimba mwake wa chitoliro zikuluzikulu. Pa mbali zonse za thireyi ayenera mashelefu ndi kukondera kwa iye. maalumali awa adzatumikira monga malo antchito khamu pa ntchito yokonza.

Features mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za chitsimecho

Ngati mukufuna chipangizo cha chidzenje, ndiye muyenera kudziwa kuti m'chipinda ntchito ali ndi kutalika 1,800 mm. Ndiye, ngati awiri a kudzayesedwa ndi awiri chitoliro. Ngati njira yamasika 600 mm, m'mimba mwake wa chipinda processing ayenera kukhala wolingana 1000 mm. khosi ali miyeso muyezo umene ali wofanana 700 mm. Ngati chitoliro awiri ndi 600 mm, khosi ayenera pabwino kuti akhoza adzaikidwa kuyeretsedwa chipangizo. Pakuti kutsitsa chipinda ntchito ndi khosi zili ndi m'mabokosi ndi wokwera masitepe.

mfundo boma hatches

Zambiri layman zingaoneke kuti zimaswa si monga chinthu chofunika wa chidzenje lapansi. Koma izi sizili choncho. Nkhani zikuluzikulu zomwe kupanga chigawo ichi amachita chitsulo. Hatches nkhumba chitsulo kwa manholes amapangidwa malinga ndi GOST 3634-61. mchitidwe uwu wapangidwa ndi thupi ndi chivindikiro kwa ogwiritsa pa khosi, ndi awiri a yotsirizira ayenera kukhala wolingana 700 mm. The mipata kupita kwa awiri a 620 mm. Ngati pali kufunika kuyala panjira chidzenje, misa adzakhala wofanana makilogalamu 134, pomwe m'mapapo anayikidwa pa msewu, ndi kulemera ndi makilogalamu 80.

Hatches manholes, GOST kupanga omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, ndipo akhoza kuchitidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo polymeric, yotsirizira amasiyana lightness, mphamvu durability ndi chitetezo zachilengedwe. Pamene ntchito zipangizo polima kuti zosakaniza pa kupanga fillers anawonjezera, kupanga yobwezeretsanso ndondomeko zosatheka. Choncho, mankhwala amenewa si chidwi kwa reclaimers zobwezerezedwanso.

bwino chipangizo

Pakuti kachitidwe uziyenda bwino, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwa alendo, manholes anachita Mfundo 8020-90. Pa siteji koyamba earthworks, amene zimaphatikizapo kufunika kwa trenching ndi yomanga. Pamaso kuti akatswiri agwire ntchito kukonzekera mu mawonekedwe a chodetsa dera kugwetsa zitsamba ndi kutuluka unit kwa zomangamanga. Pambuyo ngalande ndi wokonzeka, pansi pake nakonza, angelo khoma otsetsereka ndi kutsimikizidwa ndi ntchito monga mlingo wa kuchulukana. Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo mwala, pansi pa dzenje ayenera akonzekeretse kumatira wosanjikiza, ndi makulidwe a amene ayenera 20 cm. Kumatira akhoza kukwaniritsa ntchito utomoni wonunkhira bituminous.

Kuti akonze simenti kapena analimbitsa simenti dzenje m'munsi muyenera kukhala okonzeka kupanga PAD konkire, kakakulu yotsirizira akhale 10 cm. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito okonzeka zopangidwa slabs konkire.

The njira ya ntchito

Akatswiri kuchita mawonekedwe ankafunila chipangizo thireyi kwa simenti ndi zolimba mu mawonekedwe a zolimba. Malekezero a machubu ayenera losindikizidwa ndi phula kapena konkire. Pamwamba mkati mphete kukonzedwa phula. Kamodzi pansi pa kukatenga mphamvu, mukhoza kwabasi mphete ndi slabs pansi. Akutsatiridwa ndi misozi ndi simenti matope zimfundo ndi asindikize phula la chimodzimodzi. M'madera payipi ya adzalowa dongosolo, muyenera kupanga dongo Nyumbayi masentimita 30, kutalika ndi masentimita kuposa 60 poyerekeza ndi awiri a chitoliro lapansi.

ntchito Final

Mayesero ayenera kuchitidwa masana, Izi ladzala ndi madzi m'mphepete chapamwamba, ndipo pa chitoliro anaika pulagi. kuimilidwa Izi amangonena za muli losindikizidwa. Kunja kwa mpanda backfilled ndi nthaka kuti ali bwino ting'onoting'ono basi. M'khosi wapangidwa konkire m'dera akhungu, m'lifupi amene ali 1.5 m. The mfundo ayenera kukhala olekanitsidwa ntchito phula.

Pomaliza

Ngati mukufuna sewerage dongosolo ikugwira bwino, muyenera ntchito Standard. Hatches nkhumba chitsulo kwa manholes, Mwachitsanzo, anapanga pa mfundo za boma, omwe atchulidwa m'nkhaniyi pamwambapa.