Chitata. Chiyambi cha mtundu

Chitata - mtundu wachiwiri kukula mu Russia pambuyo Russian. Malinga ndi 2010 kalembera iwo chifukwa cha 3,72% ya chiwerengero cha dziko lonse. Anthu awa, omwe limodzi ndi Moscow State mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma 16, zaka zambiri anatha kusunga chizindikiro chake chikhalidwe ndi maonekedwe, ndi kusamalira miyambo yakale ndi chipembedzo.

Mtundu kufunafuna chiyambi chake. Osati zosiyana ndi Chitata. Chiyambi cha mtundu uwu unayamba kwambiri kufufuza za m'ma 19, pamene inapita patsogolo chitukuko ubale bourgeois. phunziro Special anakumana ndi maganizo dziko la anthu, kulekanitsa mbali yake yaikulu ndi peculiarities, chilengedwe cha mfundo imodzi. Magwero a Chitata nthawi iyi anakhalabe mutu yofunika kafukufuku onse Russian ndi Chitata mbiri yakale. Zotsatira za ntchito imeneyi yaitali akhoza ziri akuimira mu ziphunzitso atatu.

Chiphunzitso loyamba chikukhudzana ndi boma wakale wa Volga Bulgaria. Akukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi akuyamba ndi Chitata Turkey-Chibugariya ethnos anatuluka steppes Asian n'kukakhala Middle Volga. Patapita zaka 10-13, anakhoza kulenga boma lawo. Nthawi ya Golden gulu ndi boma Moscow wapanga zinthu zina mu mapangidwe a fuko, koma sanasinthe akamanena za chikhalidwe cha Chisilamu. Pankhaniyi, ndi makamaka za gulu Volga-Ural, ena Chitata amaonedwa monga magulu osiyana mitundu, ogwirizana yekha dzina ndi kulowa mu mbiri ya Golden gulu.

Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti chiyambi cha Chitata utsogoleri wawo kuchokera ku Central Asia mitundu, anasamukira chakumadzulo pa Mongol-Chitata kuyenda ulendo. Iwo kulowa Jochi Ulus ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Islam zatenganso mbali kubweretsa pamodzi mafuko anthuwo ndi lopinda mtundu umodzi. Pankhaniyi, anthu autochthonous wa Volga Bulgaria zinawonongedwa pang'ono ndi pang'ono anachotsedwa. Mlendo mafuko analenganso chosiyana awo chikhalidwe, anabweretsa chinenero Kipchak.

Turko-Chitata chiyambi mu Genesis anthu umalimbikitsa chiphunzitso zotsatirazi. Malinga Chitata chiyambi chake cha ikugunda chopita ake lalikulu Turkic khanate, yaikulu limati Asian wa Ages wa 6 m'ma AD Middle. chiphunzitso amazindikira ntchito pa mapangidwe wa Chitata fuko la Volga Bulgaria ndi ku Khazar Khanate, ndi Kypchak kimak ndi Mongol mafuko a steppes Asian. Likutsindika udindo wapadera wa Golden gulu, amene ogwirizana mafuko onse.
Onse chiphunzitso pamwamba mapangidwe a mtundu Chitata chionekera udindo wa Islam, komanso nthawi ya Golden gulu. Kuchokera pa deta mbiri, ofufuzawo maganizo pa chiyambi cha kubadwa kwa anthu. Komabe, n'zoonekeratu kuti chiyambi cha Chitata akutitsogolera pa mafuko wakale Turkic, ndi maulalo a mbiriyakale ndi mafuko ena mayiko kumene, motsogoleredwa maonekedwe lino la mtundu. Poyamikira chikhalidwe, chinenero ndi chipembedzo cha Tartars anakwanitsa kuti asataye adziwane dziko mu nkhope ya kaphatikizidwe lonse.