Chiwerengero cha pensioners ku Russia: ziwerengero

Pensioner amatchedwa munthu amene amalandira gawo ku State mogwirizana ndi kukwaniritsa m'badwo ananenera, kulandira kulumala, pantchito kapena ubwino anapulumuka pambuyo usilikali. Mogwirizana ndi mavuto zaziwerengero m'mayiko ambiri ananena za kufunika kwa kusintha mu dera limeneli. chiwerengero cha pensioners mu Russia ikukula likunena, zinali 35 163 000 anthu mu 2015. Ichi ndi 24% wa ku Russia. Choncho, mu 2015, anthu 1000. ntchito zaka anthu chimachititsa 411,7 pensioners.

nkhani zakale

Kwa nthawi yoyamba anayamba kupereka penshoni kwa akazembe apanyanja. Izi zinachitika mu 1673 ku France. Dongosolo chilengedwe penshioni anali woyamba akuyendera Germany zaka 200 pambuyo pake, mu 1889. Mu nthawi achifumu, izo sanawonekere mu Russia. Penshioni anangom'patsa ena Magulu a atumiki asilikali ndi boma. Legislating dongosolo chilengedwe anali kokha mu USSR. Mu 1930 izo anakhazikitsa zaka zopuma pantchito: zaka 60 - amuna, 55 - akazi.

Mitundu kachitidwe penshioni

Pali njira zambiri ndalama zogulira madalitso amenewa. Mitundu zotsatirazi kachitidwe penshioni tingaone:

• Kufalitsa. Bukuli lili inshuwalansi chikhalidwe. Kumafuna osakaniza zinthu payekha ndi gulu.
• NDC. Bukuli lili ndi zinthu zaziwerengero ndi zazikulu za citukuko mu dziko. Pankhaniyi, penshioni ndi pamaziko a ndalama makonzedwe ndi moyo zaka zambiri.
• Akusukulu yapansi ulele. Mu dongosolo ili, penshioni amadalira malipiro, amachotsera kupita ku nkhani osiyana. Mosiyana ndi dongosolo yapita, zonse zimadalira kwenikweni, ndalama si notional. Wantchitoyo ali ndi ufulu wosankha pa thumba penshioni, amene amapanga malipiro.

M'dziko

M'mayiko ambiri, zaka zopuma pantchito ndi zaka 65. M'mayiko ena, ndi EU ndi US ambiri akulankhula za kufunika kuuchotsa chifukwa "ukalamba" wa mayiko. Amaganiza kuti zaka pantchito ndi 2060 zingawonjezere zaka 70. Mu Germany, ndikufuna kutero posachedwapa. Chiwerengero cha pensioners zikuchulukirachulukira mu Russia, akatswiri ena kulankhula za kusintha dongosolo alipo apeza phindu boma ndi zaka.

Latsopano la Russia

Pa January 1, 2015 linakhazikitsa dongosolo latsopano penshioni mu Russia. Chili zinthu za yosungiramo, inshuwalansi ndi ubwino kungakupatseni. Mu 2015 chiwerengero cha pensioners mu Russia wafika anthu miliyoni 43. A mbali yaikulu amalandira penshioni, kuchuluka amene ali ochepera malipiro osachepera lokhazikitsidwa kwa gulu zogwirizana zaka. Makamaka zoopsa zili choncho kwa anthu amene analibe ndalama chachikulu mogwirizana ndi kufunika kusamalira achibale odwala.

Russia ndi dongosolo ziwiri gawo. Nzika akhoza kusankha pakati Fund ndi penshioni ndi zisudzo si boma. mitundu iwiri ya ubwino akhoza zokhazi. Iwo amasiyana gwero la ndalama zawo. Ndi mtundu waukulu penshoni ntchito. Zololedwa kwa ikutuluka mogwirizana ndi kukwaniritsa msinkhu winawake kapena kutalika kwa utumiki. Mtundu wachiwiri wa penshioni linaperekedwa mu zina. Mwachitsanzo, usilikali, ntchito yake yazamalamulo.

Ziwerengero: chiwerengero cha pensioners Russian

Nzika Senior latsopano la Russia amateteza Constitution, limene linapatsa iwo boma thandizo. ufulu wawo nthawi zingapo zida mayiko anatengera mu United Nations. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo miyoyo ya nzika achikulire la Russia anatengera angapo zikalata njira ya Boma, komanso normative zochita malamulo nkhani RF.

Terminology lakuti pensioners zingasiyane pang'ono. Komabe, mbali wamba mtundu wa anthu a m'gulu limeneli ndi zaka malire: amuna - zaka 60 pa akazi - zaka 55. Chiwerengero cha pensioners la Russia kwa 2016 35 986 000 anthu. Izi 24,6% ya chonse cha anthu, 0,6% kuposa mu 2015. Pa zaka khumi zapitazi katundu pa anthu ntchito, zaka chawonjezeka kwambiri. Ngati mu 2006, anthu 1,000 anali 326,7 pensioners, ndiye mu 2015 - 411,7.

chiwerengero cha anthu msinkhu wogwira ntchito chawonjezeka chifukwa kuwonjezeka moyo zaka zambiri. Komanso, kukuchititsa zimenezi lililonse kwa amuna ndi akazi. Komabe, mlingo wa amuna a zaka zopuma pantchito imfa adakali kwambiri kuposa akazi. Ndipo kusiyana limeneli chimakula. Zikuoneka kuti mu 2031 adzakhala 42.324 monga zikwi pensioners mu Russia. Izi 28,7% ya chonse cha anthu. The Mapa zikusonyeza kuti anthu 1000 a msinkhu wogwira ntchito adzakhala chifukwa cha 533,8 pensioners.

Chiwerengero cha pensioners si ntchito ku Russia

Mu 2017, bilu chikuyembekezeka, monga mbali ya ntchito anthu zaka sadzakhalanso kulandira phindu alipidwa ndi boma. Kusintha ikukhudzana okhawo amene kugwira ntchito pantchito. Komanso, osati onse, koma ndi mbali yaing'ono chabe - anthu ndi ndalama owonjezera rubles miliyoni.

Chiwerengero cha pensioners ntchito mu Russia anatsika ndi 36% pa kotala woyamba wa 2016. Ngati mu 2015 panali 15 miliyoni tsopano 9,6 yekha. Motero, boma sizinangolephera kupulumutsa pa kukana kwa indexation a penshoni, koma analinso ndi kuonetsetsa ndi kusintha zina inshuwalansi mokakamizidwa. Ngati tikambirana momwe pensioners ambiri mu Russia anapitiliza kugwira ntchito kwa izo, ndiye nambala iyi nthawi zonse kuwonjezeka. Mu 2014, 34,9% ya anthu msinkhu wogwira ntchito ntchito. Zina mwa zifukwa lalikulu takasa akuluakulu ntchito:

• Chosowa ndalama.
• Kufunika kwa kulankhulana.
• Kudzikonza ndalama zina.
• Chikhumbo cha ufulu chuma.
• Chidwi ntchito anachita.
• Chizolowezi.

Choncho, chitsanzo kafukufuku wa pensioners ntchito m'madera a maphunziro, umoyo ndi yothandiza zimaonetsera kufunika kwa zolinga zokhudza ntchito wolimba wa anthu osakwana zaka chilema. njira imeneyi n'kofunika osati kwa anthu komanso dziko lonse, monga Russia amatanthauza "ukalamba" mafuko.

Yodziwika ndi chizolowezi kuwonjezera ntchito ya pensioners ndi EU ndi OECD mayiko. Ngati inu ntchito mu 2014, 2004 26% okha wazaka 60 kwa zaka 65 - kale 35,3%. Mu Russia, chithunzi izi m'munsi. Mu gulu ili m'badwo 2013,% 30 okha anapitiriza ntchito. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti n'zotheka kuwonjezera ntchito chuma pensioners.

Mu dera lankhondo

Kumadziwitsa magulu angapo a anthu amene akupindula amene accrues mu dongosolo makamaka. Anapuma pa ntchito ya usilikali, Kupatula amene atumikira Asilikali onyamula zida za la Russia, komanso Udindo monga alonda malire, firefighters, apolisi ndi ozimitsa apolisi. kuwonjezeka wina phindu lawo anakonzera October 2016. Chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira anapuma asilikali Russia ali, malingana Kuteteza Utumiki anthu mamiliyoni 1.1. Phindu pafupifupi gulu la anthu kuzungulira 20 zikwi rubles.

mavuto ndalama

Chiwerengero cha pensioners ku Russia chaka chilichonse koposa kuwonjezeka. Choncho, katundu pa nzika ntchito zaka amadziwikanso zonse kuwonjezeka. Kuchepa wokonda ndalama bajeti kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti akatswiri ena amapereka njira kwakukulu ndi chiyembekezo chakuti za penshoni kwa anthu amene kupitiriza kugwira ntchito. Komabe, pamene asilikali likukamba chabe kwa anthu amene ndalama kuposa madola miliyoni. yankho wina chikhoza kukhala kuukitsidwa kwa zaka chilema. Lero, palibe yosaloledwa malipiro a penshoni antchito.