"Chozizwitsa cha California" (tsabola): ndemanga. Mafotokozedwe osiyanasiyana, kukula

Tsabola wokoma ku Bulgaria ndi mlendo wokongola m'munda uliwonse. Ku Ulaya, kondwerani ndi vitamini giant kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 15. Pepper anabwera kwa ife posachedwapa ndipo inakhazikitsidwa bwino, ngakhale kuti imasankha maiko otentha.

Mitundu yake yonyezimira imakongoletsa chakudya chilichonse, ndipo mavitamini ochulukirapo sangathe kudzitama ndi masamba. Tsabola, kufotokozera ndi kusamalira zomwe zidzafotokozedwe pansipa, ndizomwe zimawoneka bwino pakati pa alimi a galimoto ndi zowoneka bwino zamasamba.

Mitundu ya tsabola wokoma

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana pa masamulo a masitolo sichimasokoneza oyamba kumene, koma amakhalanso alimi ogwira ntchito yamagalimoto. Tsabola wamkulu mu wowonjezera kutentha, nthaka yotseguka kapena wowonjezera kutentha akhoza kukhala a mitundu yosiyana ndi maonekedwe osiyana.

Mitundu yonse ya tsabola wokoma , malinga ndi nthawi yosasitsa, imagawidwa mu:

- Zambiri-zoyambirira, zomwe zimafikira kukula kwa ulemelero mu masiku osakwana 100;

- kumayambiriro, amafunika masiku 100 mpaka 120 asanayambe kusamba;

- wamkatikati, okhwima pafupipafupi masiku 130;

- mochedwa, zidzafunika osachepera masiku 140-150;

- mochedwa kwambiri - masiku oposa 150.

Kutalika kwa chitsamba kumapangitsa kusiyanitsa mitundu yotsatirayi:

- pansi (mpaka theka la mita mita);

- kukula kwake (mpaka mamita 1);

- wamtali (1.5 mamita ndi zina).

M'munda wopanda wowonjezera kutentha ndi wowonjezera kutentha, "lokoma", "sazachok", "heracle" amakula bwino. Kukaniza kusintha kwa kutentha kunawonetsedwa ndi "mdima", "hedgehog", "violet", "chord", "freckle", "dolphin".

Kukula m'mapiritsi otentha, mitundu yochepa yokolola yakucha, monga "bianchi", "eroshki", "jungi", "turquoise", "victoria", "geraca", "flamingo" ndi ena ena, osati kukula kokha komanso okhwima . Kuwonjezera apo, mitundu iyi ndi matenda osagwira, bwino kulekerera kuchepa kwa kutentha.

Mitengo yayitali yamitengo yambiri yochedwa kusasitsa nthawi, ndipo, makamaka, tsabola wina aliyense wowonjezera kutentha akhoza kukula ngati ili ndi madzi, polycarbonate, ndi mabedi otentha kapena ofunda.

Pepper "Chozizwitsa cha California": kufotokoza

Kukula tsabola wosiyanasiyana ndizosangalatsa. Mpaka pano, iyi ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri.

Tsabola zosiyanasiyana "Chozizwitsa cha California" ndichapula, chomwe chimafuna masiku 100 mpaka 130 kuti akwaniritse zipangizo zamakono. Kukula kwa chitsamba ndilopakati. Kutalika ndi mamita 0.7. Chitsamba chimodzi chikhoza kupereka zipatso 7-10. "Chozizwitsa cha California" - tsabola, ndemanga zomwe pakati pa wamaluwa zimakhala zabwino kwambiri, zimakhala ndi zipatso zooneka ngati kasupe, zimakhala zosalala, zofiira, zofiira. Kununkhira kumatchulidwa, ndi pepala losasuntha ndi 8mm. Ndi ochepa okha omwe angakhalebe osayanjanitsika. Mbewu za zosiyanasiyanazi zimamera bwino m'mitsempha ndi yotseka. Wamphamvu kufalitsa baka ndi amphamvu zotanuka nthambi ndi khalidwe kwa zosiyanasiyana "California chozizwitsa". Pepper (zowona umboni) nthawi zina zimakhala zowawa. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha zinthu zosayenera kwambiri zolima. Kawirikawiri, tsabola ndi okoma, ikhoza kuwonongedwa mwatsopano, mu mawonekedwe otsekedwa kapena opangidwa.

Chokoma tsabola: nthawi yobzala pa mbande

Tsabola wokoma ku Bulgaria ndi thermophilic masamba. Sipadzakhala zosiyana ndi tsabola ndi "chozizwitsa cha California". Kulima kumayambira ndi kukonzekera mbewu ndi kufesa kubzala mbande. Sitilekerera kuziyika kwa masamba, choncho ndi bwino kusankha miphika ya peat ndi mamita 10 masentimita kubzala. Mizu ya zomera imakula pang'onopang'ono, miphika yayikulu ndi yopanda ntchito kuti idye masamba ngati tsabola wokoma.

Nthawi yofesa? Ili ndilo funso lalikulu, lomwe liyenera kutsimikiziridwa. Mbewu zafesedwa kawirikawiri mu February, kotero kuti panthawi yomwe amasindikizidwa msinkhu wawo anali masiku 60-70.

Mbewu za tsabola "Chozizwitsa cha California" chimafuna chisanachitike. Ndizofunika kuti muzitsitsimutsa pamaganizo aliwonse othandiza. M'mbuyomu, amatha kutetezedwa mwachitsulo. Pochita izi, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito 1% yothetsera potassium permanganate, kenako mbeuzo zimatsukidwa. Iwo amasiyidwa kuti amangiridwe pa nsalu yonyowa kwa masiku angapo. Akamapyozedwa, ayenera kufesedwa nthawi yomweyo mu nthaka yosungunuka kwambiri kuposa 1 cm.

Miphika ndi nyemba ziyenera kujambulidwa ndi filimu, mapepala apulasitiki kapena galasi. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tsabola "Chozizwitsa cha California" imatuluka masiku 5-7, ngakhale kale. Kutentha mu chipinda chino sayenera kukhala chapansi kuposa 20 ° C, bwino kwambiri 25 ° C, kuwala konse.

Kusamalira mbande za tsabola wokoma

Pamene mphukira zoyamba zikuwoneka, chotsani chiyenera kukonzedwanso kuti chikhale chowala kapena kupereka mbande ndi kuunikira kwina. Ma polyethylene kapena zomwe zidazibisika, amachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono, zomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zikhalidwe zatsopano kwa iwo. Sikoyenera kuthirira mbande, koma gawo lapansi lisayambe kuuma. Madzi sayenera kukhala ozizira, osachepera 30 ° C, mwinamwake chomera chingadwale, kudwala, ndi kufa. Mlengalenga mu chipinda chomwe mbande zilipo zisakhale zouma. Pamafunika kuyendayenda nthawi zonse, koma popanda kukonzekera. Pepper imayankha bwino kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.

Kupaka zovala zapamwamba pa nthawiyi ndizosankha, makamaka ngati chikhalidwe cha kukula kwa tsabola chikugwirizana ndi zomwe zimafunikira.

Kukonzekera kwa dothi

Kubzala mbande mu kutentha kosatentha kumatheka kuyambira pakati pa May. Ngati ili ndi lotseguka, ndiye bwino kuyembekezera mpaka mapeto a May - pakati pa June. Mulimonsemo, kuyendetsa kumafuna kuyamba kukonzekera nthaka.

Zingakhale zodabwitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndikofunika kuchita izi kumayambiriro kwa masika. Pazinthu izi, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala apadera kapena kutsuka zonse mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi madzi a sopo. Kuwombera tsabola ndikofunikira kuti:

- nthaka mu wowonjezera kutentha inali yotentha mpaka 18 ° C;

- Nthakayi inalumikizidwa ndi phosphorus ndi potashi (40 g pa m2), feteleza feteleza (30 g pa mamita);

- Loamy nthaka ikhoza kusakanizidwa ndi zowonongeka, manyowa, peat;

- mu dongo nthaka m'pofunika kulongosola semi-pereprevshie utuchi, coarse mchenga;

- M'nthaka yamchenga iyenera kuwonjezeredwa peat, humus, kuyambanso manyowa;

- sabata kapena masiku angapo kuti zogona zisabzalidwe ndi madzi otentha a Mullein (5 malita a yankho pa mita iliyonse ya nthaka).

Mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, nthaka iyenera kukumba.

Momwe mungakonzekere mbande za kuika

Mbande musanadzalemo pansi muyenera kuumitsa. Kuti muchite izi, tsabola ayenera kuyamba mwachidule, ndiyeno tsiku lonse liwonetsere mpweya wabwino ndi dzuwa, komanso usiku kuti ubweretsemo.

Mlungu umodzi musanayambe kutentha, mbande za tsabola zingathe kuberekedwa ndi njira yothetsera feteleza feteleza ndipo zimayambitsidwa ndi mankhwala a Bordeaux madzi, omwe amalepheretsa kuchitika kwa matenda osiyanasiyana a fungal.

Ndondomeko yobzala tsabola

Chiwembu chodzala tsabola wokoma molunjika chimadalira kukula kwa chitsamba cha osankhidwa osiyanasiyana. Pepper "Chozizwitsa cha California", chomwe chikukula chomwe chimapezeka mu wowonjezera kutentha, chimabzalidwa motsatira ndondomeko ya 40 mpaka 40. Ndipo pafupipafupi, mabasi 4-6 pa 1 m2.

Kuika mbande m'malo osatha, musayambe kuika mbande, alibe mizu yotsatira. Apo ayi, chomeracho chikhoza kuvunda ndi kufa.

Tiyeneranso kuganizira za mizu, zomwe zingapangitse kuti tsabola libwezeretsedwe kwa nthawi yaitali. Choncho, ndizofunika kuziika limodzi ndi dothi ladothi limene mbande limakula.

Kusamalira Kwambiri

Tsabola wokoma kwambiri imakhazikitsidwa bwino pakati pa Russia, pokhala ngati chomera chodzichepetsa. Koma chisamaliro chiri ndi zinthu zina, zomwe zimakupatsani inu kukolola kochokera ku "California chozizwitsa".

Pepper, maumboni omwe amachitira umboni za zokolola zosiyanasiyana, madzi okonda. Kuperewera kwa chinyezi kumabweretsa kulepheretsa ndondomeko ya chitukuko ndi kugwetsa kwa mazira ambiri. Kuwongolera pamtunda kungayambitse matenda. Madzi ayenera kukhala nthawi zonse, pokhapokha pansi pazu, ndi madzi pamene ayenera kusungidwa ndi kutentha.

Kukhalitsa sikuyenera kukhala kokha nthaka, komanso mlengalenga. Pofuna kuti chinyezi chikhale chosavuta, mukhoza kuyendetsa njira mumsewu kapena galasi la wowonjezera kutentha.

Ngati nyengo imakhala yotentha komanso yowuma, ndiye kuti mbali yamunsi imatuluka. Ngati nyengo ili yotentha komanso yowuma, ndiye kuti zomera siziyenera kubzalidwa, chifukwa masambawo amateteza dothi.

Mzu wa tsabola wotsekemera umafuna kupeza mpweya nthawi zonse. Kusindikiza kwa pamwamba kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa zokolola. Chotsani nthaka pansi pa chomeracho mosamala, popeza mizu ili pamwamba, ingathe kuonongeka mosavuta. Pofuna kupewa nyemba, nthaka pansi pa chomera iyenera kukhala chete. Pachifukwa ichi, utuchi, udzu wothira, humus, udzu, umene wapangidwa kale, udzachita. Malo osanjikiza a mulch ayenera kukhala osachepera 4 masentimita.

Pepper ndi chomera chosalimba ndipo amafuna gutila, chifukwa tsinde ndi nthambi zowononga chipatso zingawonongeke. Ndipo izi sizichitika kokha ndi wamtali, komanso ndi mitundu yochepa.

Owonjezera kuvala wa anabzala mbande

M'kati mwa nyengo tsabola yabwino ya Chibulgaria imafuna zovala zina zambiri. Fereji yoyamba ikhoza kuchitika ndi maonekedwe a masamba enieni angapo. Chakudya chachiwiri chidzachitika patatha masabata angapo pambuyo pake. Kusamala kukhala ndi nayitrogeni feteleza, kudyetsa "chozizwitsa cha California." Kuchokera ku recharge yotere, chomeracho chidzakhala champhamvu kwambiri, koma chiwerengero cha mazira ochuluka chidzachepa kwambiri.

Timasonkhanitsa mbewu za tsabola wokoma ku Bulgaria

Mwachilungamo, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nthanga za tsabola wokoma ku Bulgaria zimakhala ndizomwe zimamera mu chaka choyamba mutatha msonkhano, ndipo sipadzakhalanso zozizwitsa ku "chozizwitsa cha California" (tsabola). Ndemanga zimatsimikizira kuti zamoyo zimatchuka komanso zimasonyeza kuti mbewu zomwe zimasonkhanitsa sizinali zochepa kwa iwo omwe adagula. Koma muyenera kutsatira malamulo angapo.

Kuti anasonkhanitsa njere za tsabola anali osasunthika osati perepylyalis ndi oyandikana nawo plantings, ndikofunikira pasadakhale, pamaso maluwa, kusankha chitsamba cholimba. Ndipo momwe masamba oyambirira adzaonekera, adzayenera kuphimbidwa ndi yaing'ono wowonjezera kutentha. Pambuyo popanga mazira oyambirira omwe ali oyenera kubzala mbewu, malo obisala amachotsedwa, mazira amaikidwa ndi ulusi kuti asasokonezedwe ndi zipatso zochokera ku tchire linalake.

Pepper: matenda ndi tizirombo

Kwa tsabola, matendawa ndi owopsa:

- choipitsa mochedwa;

- kuvunda koyera;

- macrosporium;

- Vertex zowola;

- Septoria;

- mwendo wakuda.

Pepper amakonda kwambiri slugs, butterfly butterfly, fosholo, nsabwe za m'masamba, Colorado kachilomboka ndi chimbalangondo. Pofuna kuteteza chomera ku chimbalangondo, ola limodzi musanadzalemo, zitsime zokonzedwa mmera zimadzaza madzi. Mutabzala ndi sprayer, mbewuyo imapulitsidwa. Ndondomeko ya kupopera mbewu kwa nyengo ikhoza kuchitika nthawi 2-3. Monga chithandizo, phulusa la nkhuni, lomwe limalimbana bwino ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana, ndiloyenera.

Ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi bwino kulimbana ndi mkaka whey. Zimatengera lita imodzi ndi theka pa chidebe cha madzi. Pambuyo pokonza chomeracho ndi seramu, ndi zofunika kutsanulira tsabola kachiwiri ndi nkhuni phulusa.

Pepper "Chozizwitsa cha California", kufotokozera ndi njira zolima zomwe zinaperekedwa pamwambapa, ndizopadera zamasamba. Atafika kwa ife kuchokera ku Mexico yotentha kwambiri, adatha kusintha bwino ndi maiko akumeneko ndipo panthaŵi imodzimodziyo sanataya dontho lake labwino, kulawa ndi fungo.