Matenda Pepper a - muyenera kudziwa wamaluwa

Pepper - wotchuka kwambiri pakati wamaluwa chikhalidwe. Izi makamaka chifukwa chakuti tsabola ali wolemera mu mavitamini ndi mchere, osanenapo kukoma kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, vitamini C, lili kuposa mbewu zina zambiri wotchuka masamba. tsabola wokoma ntchito amayi kuphika mbale masamba saladi ndi pickling ndi salting.

Pamene kukula tsabola ndi zofunika kusunga zodzitetezera kuteteza mbewu zisaonongeke ndi tizirombo ndi matenda: kutsatira kusinthana kwa mbewu masamba m'njira yake kuwononga zinyalala positi-kukolola, achite disinfection mu kumachitika mikangano ndi greenhouses, kumene tsabola ndi wakula, unazokotedwa mbewu kubzala.

The matenda koipa tsabola zimachitika pa chinyezi mkulu dothi ndi mpweya, kotero ndikofunika kuti akonze zinthu mulingo woyenera zomera ndi kumasula zonse nthaka. Kuyenera nthawi kuchotsa zipatso zowonongeka ndi masamba ndi kuchepetsa kufala kwa matendawa yogwira.

Litraknoz - matenda tsabola imagwira mizu ndi mapulaniwo m'munsi. Iwo angayambe pa siteji iliyonse ya chitukuko zomera. Ngati tsabola kachilombo litraknozom, mizu yake kawirikawiri yokutidwa ndi zofiirira mawanga, ndi chomera palokha ndi utsalira kukula. Pa zipatso anakhudzidwa ndi matenda, kuoneka mawanga madzi amene kuwonjezeka mwachangu kukula. Ngati matenda litraknoz tsabola angoyamba kumene, litha kuchizika zomera 0.4% njira ya oxychloride zamkuwa kapena Bordeaux osakaniza (makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito 1% njira).

Blackleg - kudziwika kwa matenda onse wamaluwa tsabola. Tsinde la mbewu mu muzu wa kawirikawiri mdima, ndiye mwachangu kupatulira niivunda. toyesa matenda ayenera kuchotsedwa, ndiyeno kuchitira nthaka ndi njira ya sulphate mkuwa. Blackleg zingakhudze mbande ndi tsabola achinyamata kutentha, komanso ngati zomera wamkulu mu makama.

Pamene Verticillium mufuna m'munsi masamba a chomera pang'onopang'ono kuyambira kuti ziume, koma pansi pa zimayambira ndi mizu kuzindikira discoloration wa mitolo mtima. Ngati matenda tsabola anayamba kupita patsogolo, m'pofunika kuchotsa mbewu. Komanso kuchotsedwa toyesa matenda ndi fuzarnoznom Kuuma (simudzalola), ndi mufuna ichi matenda achikasu apical mbewu akuwombera.

Chotero peppercorns matenda monga nkhungu imvi, kawirikawiri kumaonekera m'madera onse a chomera. Pa masamba akufa ndipo zimayambira kuonekera mawanga grayish kenako mdima imvi mu mtundu wokutidwa ndi spores. The yogwira kwambiri, matenda kumaonekera mu munda wandiweyani, mu greenhouses ndi greenhouses, komanso pa kusungiramo chipatso.

Pepper matenda tizilombo kwambiri adamulowetsa pamene m'chilimwe pali mkulu chinyezi. Anakhudzidwa zomera mavairasi bwino akupangidwa ndi zipatso za mitengo imeneyi ndi kawirikawiri amakhala aang'ono, masamba akhoza kukhala ndi mtundu zachibadwa. zodzitetezera, amene kupewa zoopsa matenda tsabola HIV, angakhale kusiyiratu kubzala zakuthupi ndi chitetezo nsabwe kuti zimafalitsa matenda tizilombo.