Crocus mu mphika: momwe mungasamalire ndi kukula

Kumveka kowala kwa nyengo yozizira ndi nyengo yamasika kungawonongeke mu mphika. Kodi mungasamalire bwanji chomera kuti mupeze zowonongeka ndi tsiku lina? Kukula crocus mu chipinda sikovuta, ngati corms yokonzekera kukakamiza. Ndi zofunika kugwiritsa ntchito kubzala kwa Dutch, pakali pano, chipindacho chikongoletsa maluwa akuluakulu, kukumbukira mawonekedwe a kaso.

Crocus, kapena safironi - chiwonongeko cha masika

Zitsambazi ndizitsamba zam'madzi zoumba , zouma za safironi, mitundu yonse ndi ya banja la Iris. Zomera zimayambira zomera kumayambiriro kwa masika, masamba obiriwira amawonekera kuchokera pansi asanafike masamba osakanikirana. Miyala ya crocuses, kukumbukira mawonekedwe a kapu yakale, kutsegulira kwambiri tsiku lotsatira ndi pafupi nyengo yovuta. Mwa anthu maluwa aakuluwa pamunsi, phesi woonda amatchedwa harbingers a masika, kukongoletsa anyezi.

Mu mitundu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo, pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya violet, buluu, lilac imapezeka, pali mitundu ndi hybrids yomwe imakhala yoyera, yachikasu, ya pinki ndi yofiira. Safironi m'tchire amapezeka m'mayiko ozungulira nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi Black, cultivars zake zafalitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Kuberekera kumalo osungira mbeu mumphika, chisamaliro cha mbeuyi chiyenera kubwezeretsa momwe zingathere zinthu zomwe zimafanana ndi kutentha kusinthika kudziko lachimera. Pa siteji yoyamba ma babu amafunika kutentha, ndipo asanayambe kukakamizidwa - kuzizira, zimachitika bwanji m'nyengo yozizira. Nthawi yonse yambewu isanakwane, nyengo ya kutentha imasintha mu magawo, kotero kuti mababu amathera kwa iwo.

Ndi ma crocuses omwe ali oyenerera m'nyumba

Kusankha kubzala zakuthupi kuyenera kuganiziridwa mosamala, kuganizira makhalidwe a magulu osiyanasiyana a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa. Mwachitsanzo, kufalikira kwa mitundu ya chilengedwe kumapereka m'nyumba zochepa. Kusamalira ngodya - hybrids ya safironi chrysanthemum - zovuta, ziweto zake zimafota m'chipinda. Ndi zophweka kupeza maluwa aakulu kuchokera ku Dutch hybrids omwe anapangidwa pakusankhidwa kwa Crocus vernus (Crocus vernus).

Mitundu yambiri yomwe imadyetsedwa kuthengo imapezeka m'mapiri a Pyrenees ndi m'mapiri a Alps, kumene khungu lake lofiirira kapena laupepali limakhala lalikulu mamita asanu ndi asanu. Mitengoyi imapangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imakhala gulu la magulu akuluakulu kapena a Dutch. Iwo ndi odzichepetsa, ndipo mu kukula kwake, ziphuphu zimadutsa maluwa a zachirengedwe kawiri. Mitundu yoposa 50 ndi yosiyana, yosiyana ndi kukula ndi mtundu. Pali cultivars omwe ali oyera, ofiira, a buluu, a chikasu, a nsalu zofiira. Mitundu yambiri ya hybrids imadziwika ndi kusinthasintha kwa mithunzi, kuvula, kudula. Zomera zimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 15, yaitali yaitali yopapatiza masamba kuonekera pambuyo masamba. Mababu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gulu la Dutch ali ndi khungu lofiirira.

Momwe mungasankhire sitolo ya corms kukakamiza

Ma distillation mu malo osiyanasiyana mitundu ya safironi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Maonekedwe okongoletsa kwambiri m'chipinda cha crocus yaikulu. Momwe mungasamalire kunyumba kwa zomera zam'madzi, ambiri amatha kudziwa, koma ochepa amatha kusankha miyala ya safironi kuti apeze maluwa a Chaka Chatsopano ndi holide ya Orthodox ya kubadwa kwa Khristu. Muyenera kumvetsera kumayambiriro koyambirira, chifukwa mitundu yamasika imakula mu April-May.

Mu donda la maluwa kuti mutenge zakuthupi ndi bwino kupita mu August kapena September. Kumapeto kwa nyengo ya chilimwe ya mbewu yatsopano imagulitsidwa. Iwo amachotsedwa kunthaka pambuyo pa maluwa, kenako amasungidwa kwa kanthawi kutentha pamwamba pa 30 ° C. Mu sitolo muyenera kuyang'ana mababu, sankhani omwe ali ndi masentimita asanu kapena asanu ndi awiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri. Ngati mumabzala zitsanzo zazikulu, ndiye kuti maluwa adzawoneka mofulumira kwambiri, mphukira zambiri mumphika zidzakhala zobiriwira kwambiri. Kusamalira masabata 4-5 otsatira ndikusunga corms m'malo ozizira ndi owuma.

Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji ma crocuses m'munda mwa kukakamiza

Momwe mungamerekere khola mumphika, momwe mungasamalire, ngati mababu akumbidwa m'munda wamunda, wakula pa bedi la maluwa? Zinthu zimenezi ndizoyenera kubzala. Ndi bwino, ngati zikhale zazikuluzikulu za gulu la Dutch:

• "Dothi la Maluwa" (wofiira wofiirira) - kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa distillation;
• Chikumbutso (violet);
• "Wangart" (kuwala kofiira, lilac) - mitundu yosiyana;
• "Nigro Boy" (wofiirira) - mochedwa;
• "Joan wa Ar" (woyera);
• "Mammoth Yellow" (wachikasu).

Njira yokonzekera mababu osankhidwa amatha kutenga miyezi itatu. Mu June, zipolopolo zimachotsedwa pansi pamunda wamunda kapena m'munda wamaluwa. Kenaka zouma ndipo zimasankhidwa kuti zikhale zotsalira zazikulu zopanda zooneka zosaoneka, zomwe mungapezeko chomera chokongola mumphika. Kodi mungasamalire bwanji corms, kuti zotsatira za kukakamiza zinali zabwino?

Kusungirako babu

Nthawi ndi nyengo ya kutentha kwa yosungirako kwa kubzala zakuthupi:

• Mlungu umodzi - kutentha kwa 32-34 ° C;
• Masabata awiri - 20 ° C;
• Masabata 5-6 - 17 ° C;
• Masabata 4-5 - kutentha kwa 4-9 ° C (mu firiji kapena m'chipinda chozizira chakuda ndi kutsika kwa chinyezi).

Ngati mutenga mphukira yamaluwa ikukonzekera kale, ndiye kuti nyengo yozizira ya corms ingachepetse. Ndi kukakamizidwa kwa safironi pa holide ya Chaka Chatsopano, mababu ayenera kubzalidwa masiku khumi oyambirira a September. Ndipo ngati maluwa amafunikira mu February kapena mu March, ndiye kuti mbeu zamasamba zimatha miyezi ingapo kenako.

Mmene mungamerekere ziphuphu mumphika

Pambuyo pa kuzizira, mababu a safironi amaikidwa miphika, kumene mizu ikuwomba. Nkhokwe nthawi zambiri zimakula mopanda kanthu, koma zimakhala zazikulu. Ikani mababu angapo mumphika umodzi kapena chidebe, chomwe chiri cha mitundu yofanana kulandira maluwa nthawi imodzi. Lembani zitsulozo ndi zowonongeka, kenako ndi nthaka yotayirira yokhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso madzi okwanira.

Kuchita kwa gawoli sikuyenera kulowerera, ndipo zakudya zake ziribe kanthu, chifukwa chirichonse chofunikira m'tsogolo mwa maluwa chikusungidwa mu babu. Podziwa izi, ena amamaluwa amachititsa distillation mu granite, mchenga, kuwonjezera dongo. Muzitsulo zodzaza ndi masamba, masamba ndi mchenga waukulu wosambitsidwa, mukhoza kukula.

Momwe mungasamalire safironi mutabzala

Ndikofunika kuti musalole kuti mababu awonongeke, choncho sayenera kugwirizana. Komanso, mutabzala, musaumirire crocus mu mphika motsutsana ndi makoma a chidebecho. Kodi mungasamalire bwanji musanamukakamize:

• Khungula nthaka kuzungulira mababu;
• Kusamba;
• Chotsani mphika kapena chidebe china ndi zokopa mu chipinda chozizira chakuda cha rooting;
• Madzi kokha pamene chapamwamba chapamwamba cha substrate chimauma.

Kuwombera nkhumba pamatentha osapitirira 9 ° C kumatenga masabata 9-12. Mukakhala kuti maluwa ayambe kumayambiriro, konzani mababu mpaka 2 ° C ndikusungira patali pang'ono. Kumayambiriro kwa budding, mphukira imawonekera pafupifupi masentimita asanu kumapeto kwa babu, ulusi woyera wa mizu m'mabowo a mphika amawonekera.

Makina oyaka

Kodi mungasamalire bwanji crocuses pamaso pa maonekedwe? Pa pafupi masabata awiri, zitsulo ndi corms zimasamutsira ku chipinda chomwe chiyenera kuphuka. Izi ziyenera kukhala malo ozizira, chifukwa ma crocous samalola kutentha. Kwa safironi yobiriwira, chipinda chimene kutentha kumatuluka pamwamba pa 20 ° C si koyenera.

Zimakhudza kwambiri kuwonjezereka kwa dzuwa kapena kuwala kwake: masambawo amakula mofulumira ndipo amatha maola angapo. Maluwa crocus amatha mpaka masabata atatu, ngati inu mumapereka kuwala kosavuta komanso kutentha pafupifupi 15 ° C. Usiku, malo omwe maluwawo ali, ayenera kukhala ozizira.

Kuthirira mobwerezabwereza n'kovulaza ku crocus, ndi bwino kuwonjezera madzi kamodzi pa masiku awiri. Mbewu sizingathe kutsukidwa ndi madzi, zimalekerera kutsika kwa mlengalenga bwino.

Mavuto angakhalepo pakulima safironi, kuthetsa kwawo

Muli pawindo la mphikayo, mumakhala wokongola "wathanzi" - crocus (maluwa). Kodi mungasamalire bwanji chomera ichi kuti muwonetseke maonekedwe ake okongoletsera?

1. Ngati kutentha kuli kwakukulu panthawi yosungirako, masambawo sadzawoneka kapena akuwonekera.
2. Pamene masamba a chikasu, muyenera kufupikitsa kuthirira pang'ono.
3. Pamene maluwa amawoneka, madzi amathiridwa kokha mu khola, osati ku gawo lapansi.
4. Crocus sichifunikira kuvala pamwamba pa maluwa.
5. Musalole kutaya madzi mu poto, kupitirira kwake kuyenera kuyamwa.

Maluwawo atatha, mababu akhoza kutsitsidwa kuti awume miphika. M'dzinja iwo adzakhala othandizira kubwerera kumalo otseguka. Ngati mutasiya ma corms mu chidebe ndikusungiramo m'nyumba, ndiye kuti sali oyenerera kubwezeretsanso mu mawonekedwe awa.