Dioxin - ichi ... Otani zinthu. Mndandanda wa zinthu zimene ndi chakupha

Dioxin - ndi chimodzi mwa zoipitsa zachilengedwe. thunthu zili m'gulu otchedwa "Akuda dazeni". gulu maziko a oopsa ndi kulimbikira zoipitsa organic. Dioxins asayansi nkhawa kwambiri, chifukwa kawopsedwe awo okwezeka. Akatswiri anatsimikizira kuti gulu la poizoni amakhudza angapo machitidwe ndi ziwalo. Kamodzi mu thupi, dioxins akhoza kukhala nthawi yayitali mu izo chifukwa mkulu mankhwala ake kukana, ndi luso limbikirani mwa zimakhala mafuta. Mu iwo unayikidwa ndi kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Hafu ya moyo wa dioxin maselo anthu Akuti zaka 7-10. Izi poizoni n'zomwe anataya unyolo chakudya. Anthu ambiri dioxins pa nthawi zikuchulukirachulukira.

Magwero a kuipitsidwa dioxin

Dioxins anapanga makamaka chifukwa cha zochita za anthu mafakitale. Komanso, anapezeka kuti akaonekere zachilengedwe monga kuphulitsa mapiri kapena moto waukulu nkhalango. Dioxins ali m'gulu mndandanda wa zinthu amphamvu ndi oopsa omwe si mzere womalizira. Izi umatuluka angapo a mafakitale, kuphatikizapo oyeretsa zamkati ndi kusungunuka njira, makampani mankhwala. zoipa zimenezi adzamasulidwa chifukwa cha mankhwala ndi herbicides.

Koma ndiwo kuwonongeka kwa malo ndi dioxin ndi ndondomeko kusalankhula ya misa moto. Pali pano palibe anakhazikitsa poizoni mmene m'mlengalenga chifukwa zochita za anthu oipa. Kuchepetsa mavuto kugwirizana ndi incinerators anayamba ya miyeso umalimbana ziyang'aniridwe pa njira izi. Pali kale umisiri kuti kuwotcha zinyalala kwathunthu, pamene dioxins ndi mankhwala dioxin ngati ali panamveka mu woipa otsika.

Koma ngakhale akuyesetsa ndi zachilengedwe, kufalikira kwa poizoni chilengedwe akadali padziko lonse. Dioxins mosavuta pa mayiko onse ndi ngodya chilichonse cha dziko. Zikupezeka mu nthaka, nyama, mu mankhwala m'mimba. Nthawi zambiri zoipa zimenezi wapezeka nsomba, nkhono, nyama ndi mkaka. magawanidwe Minor wa dioxins ndi mu mlengalenga, madzi ndi zomera.

Mapangidwe dioxins ndi chifukwa nkhokwe chilengedwe Nonrecycled kuwononga mafuta mafakitale. Yaitali kusunga izi zotsatira nkhani mpweya mankhwala dioxin-monga mwa chilengedwe. Chimavunditsa odyetserako dziko ndi madzi. Dioxin akulowa thupi la ziweto, ndipo kenako - nyama ndi mkaka. Mayiko ambiri kukangana kuti ndi mafuta ntchito mafakitale tiyenera kusamalira monga zinyalala woopsawo ndi kumvetsera kwambiri kuti ndondomeko nazo.

Dioxins ndi Environment

Dioxin - poizoni. Choncho si zachilendo kwambiri. Iwo akhoza kwambiri amati munthu zosatheka kupewa naye. Cacikulu, mpweya, nthaka, madzi sapereka mpata kwa pafupifupi aliyense. Ngakhale maulosiwa sizikuyenda bwino, kuchepetsa zakudya za dioxin zotheka. Nthawi zonse kusunga ena ukhondo. Ichi chimapereka chiyembekezo zolondola kuti zinthu zoipa zimenezi chimamangirira mu thupi ang'onoang'ono. Pewani zakudya ochokera m'madera zachilengedwe wosalimba. Inu simungakhoze kusambira m'madzi lotseguka, pa gombe amene makampani mafakitale komanso moyo pafupi zomera zinyalala mankhwala ndi landfills oyang'anira tauni.

Dioxins chakudya

Dioxin amamuchititsa kudziunjikira mu thupi la nyama. mankhwala ndi pafupifupi anasonyeza zaka ndipo chakhala mu mafuta minofu. Komanso, wadutsa pamodzi unyolo chakudya. Choncho, akhoza kukangana kuti panopa imodzi mwa zinthu ambiri poizoni mchakudya ndi chimodzimodzi dioxin. pa ntchito kupewa poizoni kutsogolera zigawo izi makamaka akuonetsa moyo wathanzi ndi kudya zachilengedwe, makamaka zomera zakudya. Zomera kudziunjikira dioxin mu woipa ndi laling'ono kwambiri. Ndi bwino kuti zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zolimidwa pa dothi zosawononga chilengedwe choyera. masitolo amafunika kupereka mmalo mankhwala aŵiri.

Komabe, dioxins zimapezeka osati nyama, komanso nsomba. Inu simungathe kugula pa misika zachilengedwe ndi izo. Okhutira zinthu woopsawo makamaka mkulu nsomba zokodwa mu madzi pafupi zamkati ndi pepala mphero ndi zomera zinyalala mankhwala. Kuyambira maganizo amenewa, mitundu m'madzi sakhala oopsa. mwatcheru linaperekedwa kwa nsomba "wochuluka." Lili wambirimbiri dioxins. Ngakhale mtengo wofiira nsomba chakula zinthu chokhwima zachilengedwe ikhoza kukhala yoopsa.

Dioxin - si chinthu zoipa. Izi poizoni zaka atasunga minofu adipose. Iye sakunena kuwola ndinso pa kutentha mankhwala. Ngati nyama mu poto, casserole kuzimitsidwa kapena zophikidwa mayikirowevu uvuni yokazinga - dioxin sadzapita kulikonse.

Dioxins ndi zinyalala banja

Dioxin - makamaka chinthu poizoni kuti adzamasulidwa pa moto wa mapulasitiki, tsamba zinyalala ndi zinyansi. M'mayiko onse otukuka pa dera la mizinda ndi malo ena populata ndi kutiletsa kuwotcha masamba. Zomera ndi Zosefera kwambiri. Iwo ali zitsulo salt lolemera. Zimenezi ndi zoona makamaka kwa mitengo ndi zitsamba kukula pamodzi misewu. zinthu zovulaza mkatikati mwa iwo ndipo kuchokera pansi. Pamene moto masamba mankhwala onsewa poizoni, kuphatikizapo dioxins, imatulutsidwa ndi kulowa mlengalenga.

zochitika Dioxin kuipitsidwa mu mbiri ya dziko lapansi

M'mayiko ambiri kuyan'anila kuchuluka mu zakudya zoterezi woopsawo thanzi anthu, monga dioxin. Malangizo pa ntchito miyeso kayendetsedwe poyizoni zoipa zimenezi kumathandiza kuti kuzindikira mwamsanga kuipitsidwa, nthawi zambiri kumathandiza zotsatira zikuluzikulu. Chitsanzo china anapeza chidwi mu 2004, mkulu zoipa mankhwala magawanidwe mu mkaka mu Netherlands. Zotsatirazi ndi kufufuza mu gwero la kuipitsidwa wakhala kuzindikiridwa. Iwo kunapezeka kuti dongo, amene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chakudya nyama. Nkhani zofanana anauzidwa mu 2006, onse mu Netherlands chomwecho. Koma ndiye gwero lina la matenda anazindikiritsidwa - mafuta, monga mbali ya chakudya.

Dioxin si pa mndandanda wa poizoni amapezeka mu zakudya. Iwo akuchita mzere woyamba mu izo. Mu mbiri ya dziko lapansi pali milandu yambiri ya zikuluzikulu kudziwika zoipa zimenezi. Mwachitsanzo, Ireland kumapeto 2008 anasiya kugulitsa tani nkhumba. Pambuyo zitsanzo anatengedwa yachinsinsi, chinapezeka kuti chiwerengero cha dioxin nyama choposa mlingo abwino nthawi 200. Izi, kumene, zinachititsa chakuti mankhwala onse nkhumba dziko anakakamizika kuti mupewe zogulitsa. Patapita kufufuza, akatswiri anapeza kuti mankhwala owopsa tiribe nthawi kuti tifike pa tebulo kasitomala, natumikira monga gwero la kuipitsidwa chakudya. Koma azungu izo zinatichititsa kuganiza miyeso zimenezi zisachitike m'tsogolo.

Pakali pano, n'zosatheka kunyalanyaza ngati zoopsa, monga dioxin. The ntchito mankhwala chakudya miyezo ya mayiko ndi ayenera-onani kopita ubale malonda. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe European anaperekeranji chenjezo thanzi uliri mu 2007, pambuyo zowonjezera chakudya kudziwika monga guar chingamu, amene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga nthumwi thickening zopangidwa nyama ndi ndiwo zochuluka mchere, mpweya wambiri wa dioxin anapezeka. Pali umboni kuti gwero la kuipitsidwa watumikira osauka khalidwe Indian utomoni.

Pafupifupi chaka ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana akhala malipoti pa chizindikiritso cha nyama, mkaka, ndiwo zochuluka mchere, nsomba ndi ngakhale zakudya m'madzi ndende kwambiri mankhwala dioxin. Ambiri mwa zizindikiro kubwera kuchokera m'mayiko otukuka. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti malangizo poona amasokoneza anayamba m'mayikowa. Komanso, kuwunika zonse imachitika.

Dioxins ndi zotsatira zawo pa thupi la munthu

Short kukhudzana dioxins kungachititse kuti kusintha pathological pakhungu. Zitsanzo ndi matenda monga browning patchy ndi chloracne. Komanso chiwindi ntchito anawawidwa. Long-zotsatira pa munthu wa zinthu zimenezi poizoni kumabweretsa mavuto aakulu kwambiri. Ananena zotupa chitetezo chokwanira. matenda matenda a endocrine ndi machitidwe mantha. Anthu, pali kuchepa kwa ntchito ubereki. Komanso chifukwa cha kukhudzana kwa nthawi yaitali pofuna dioxin anayamba zotupa khansa - kansa. Panopa, izi mankhwala poizoni anawagawira monga carcinogen anthu. Ake panopa maziko tsiku kukhudzana alibe zotsatira za thanzi wa m'tawuni. Komabe, chifukwa cha kawopsedwe mkulu wa dioxin zomanga ayenera kutsatira njira zinazake kuchepetsa ndende zake chilengedwe.

subgroups tcheru

Khama la dioxins chilengedwe n'zofunika kwambiri makamaka kwa amayi apakati. tcheru kwambiri zotsatira za gulu ululu ali akhanda. Awo mofulumira kukula mantha, endocrine ndi machitidwe ena limba amapatsa muzisowa zotsatira za mankhwala dioxin ngati. Ana mpaka chaka ankakhala pafupi ndi mabizinezi kwa processing ndi kutaya zinyalala, ndi landfills kungakhale akuchedwa kakulidwe, matenda zovuta, ndipo khansara.

Komanso, pa matenda alionse zikuphatikizapo madera ena a dziko kumene chakudya chakudya ndi nsomba ndi nsomba. Chabwino, ndipo, ndithudi, antchito a landfills, incinerators , ndi zamkati ndi pepala mafakitale.

Control ndi kapewedwe kukhudzana ndi dioxins

Chotero kodi Ndipotu ayenera kumwedwa kuletsa kumasulidwa ku chilengedwe cha zinthu zina zoopsa, monga dioxin? Malangizo ntchito njira zinyalala afunika amatchula zinyalala kuti ayenera kutayidwa bwino. Izi muyeso yabwino kupewa mpweya. M'pofunikanso kuteteza yosungirako yaitali pa mabizinezi mafuta zinyalala. Iwo ayenera kutayidwa posachedwapa. moto awo amafuna kutentha kwambiri - pa madigiri 850. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mavuto nawo mu kutaya zinyalala izi. Mwatsoka, nthawi zonse ndi pena paliponse ndi zinthu zofunikira pofuna kuwononga lalikulu zedi mafuta dioxin-zakhudzana ndi zipangizo zina.

Koma njira yabwino muchepetse zinthu dioxin-monga mwa anthu ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa phukusi la miyeso izo zikanakhala lolunjika osati za mmene ndi gwero la kuipitsidwa. Chitsanzo ndi ziyang'aniridwe ndi ndondomeko mafakitale kuteteza amasulidwe mankhwala poizoni.

Kumene, kutsatira ntchito ya mbewu zofunika kwambiri. Koma musaiwale kuti pafupifupi 90% ya milandu chifukwa cha dioxin poyizoni wa anthu ndi chakudya. Kuopseza yaikulu ndi wochititsidwa ndi mkaka ndi nyama mankhwala. Komanso, kofunikira kwambiri zinthu woopsawo wapezeka nsomba ndi nkhono. Tidziwanso kuti kufunika kuwunika kwambiri mankhwala pamaso pa zoipa zimenezi, monga dioxin. A mayeso anachita zimene zikusonyeza ndende wa chinthu m'nkhaniyo, iyenera kuchitidwa kulikonse. M'pofunika kwambiri kuteteza anthu poizoni. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwa kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mankhwala anafotokozedwa izi dioxin - Kupha magwero kuipitsa.

Koma ndi miyezo njira. Koma milandu amaganiziridwa poyizoni pa anthu mu mizinda ndi midzi, ziyenera ntchito njira kanthu mwamsanga kuti gwero la amangidwe kapena khunyu ndi kutaya wotsatira. Zimakhala osati chakudya chokha komanso kudyetsa kwa ziweto. Kufanana kwa anthu, pansi dioxin kukhudzana ayenera ayesedwa pamaso pa zotsatira pathological. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa ana osaposa zaka zitatu ndi unamwino amayi.

Kodi ogula bwanji kuchepetsa mosavuta kukhudzana dioxin?

Inde, pali njira zambiri momwe asapatsidwe ingestion zinthu loipalo, monga dioxin. Malangizo anathetsera nyama kudzakuthandizani mu izi. Ziribe kanthu, momwe kukonzekera mbale - yophika kapena anaphika nyama. Komabe kukhala dioxin, si anawonongedwa ndi kanthu matenthedwe. Koma ife tikudziwa kuti iye salinso amasonkhana mu zimakhala mafuta. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuchepetsa mpata kulowa m'thupi chakudya mankhwala woopsawo, kudula nyama ndi mafuta okwanira. Ndi mkaka icho chiri mosavuta. M'munsi mafuta zili iwo, zazikulu chidaliro chakuti anthu ambiri dioxin nawo negligible.

Komanso zakudya munthu ayenera moyenera. Kodi kudya zamasamba ndi zipatso. Zomera kudziunjikira ndi zinthu dioxin ngati n'chochepa kwambiri. Ngati kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ankadya nyama ndi mkaka zakudya ndi kuonjezera mbewu, n'zotheka kuchepetsa ingress wa bungwe la zinthu woopsawo. strategy Zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri makamaka kwa amayi apakati ndi lactating. Dioxin ndi choopsa kwambiri kwa makanda. thupi lawo yekha ndi chitukuko cha machitidwe ovuta monga mantha, endocrine ndi ubereki. The chosayenerera pang'ono akhoza kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu m'tsogolo. Komanso, dioxin - ndi carcinogen. Imathandiza kuti chitukuko cha khansa.

Kudziwika ndi muyeso wa milingo dioxin chakudya ndi chilengedwe

Misa poyizoni ndi dioxin khumi zapitazi anali wapezeka kangapo. Nthawi ngati zimenezi zinachitika m'mayiko ambiri. Nthawi zambiri anatumikira monga gwero la chakudya kwa ziweto ndi chakudya. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu woopsawo chilengedwe, tiyenera mkulu-mwatsatanetsatane njira zamakono. M'dziko Laboratories adzatha kuchita ndi mavuto oterowo, osati kwambiri. Pafupifupi onsewo - m'mayiko otukuka. Choncho mtengo wa maphunziro amenewa zimadalira mtundu wa nyemba. Koma monga chitsanzo kwachilengedwenso zimatengera zikwi ziwiri dollars. mtengo uwu ndi wapamwamba kwambiri kwa mayiko lachitatu dziko.

Chaka chilichonse, osauka njira zatsopano mosamala kwachilengedwenso - zochokera chitetezo ndi maselo. Ngakhale kuti ntchito njira izi zopangidwa chakudya sanayambebe mokwanira mtchatho, koma, ngakhalebe, ndi mosamala kwachilengedwenso limalola nambala wokulirapo wa mayesero zofunika pa mtengo wotsika ndalama. Mu nkhani ya zabwino maphunziro awa muyenera kucheza nkhani zovuta kwambiri ndi yokwera mtengo mankhwala.

Komanso kulamulira pa amasokoneza chakudya, anayambitsa mfundo zenizeni zofunika incinerators.

zinthu zakupha

Kuwonjezera dioxin, pali mndandanda wa amphamvu ndi zinthu zakupha lero. mankhwala awa woopsawo ntchito makampani komanso ulimi. Ndi mpweya mwangozi zimachitika kuipitsidwa wa madzi, nthaka, mpweya, zomera. poizoni akhoza kudziunjikira mu thupi la nyama ndi anthu. Zoyambitsa zosiyanasiyana matenda, kuphatikizapo khansa. The apamwamba ndende ya mankhwala woopsawo kwambiri, minofu kuwonongeka ndi chiwalo kachitidwe, zinthu ndi zovuta chifukwa chakuti zinthu izi ndi zolimba kwambiri ndipo ngakhale zosatheka kuti tikuona chamoyo awo. Iwo zasungidwa kwa zaka zambiri.

Kwambiri poizoni zinthu - ndi mankhwala mankhwala amene amapatsa poizoni. Iwo amatha, akamaziwononga, monga ngozi mafakitale zomera mankhwala, kuipitsanso m'madera ambiri. Ichi ndi choopsa chifukwa zikatero kumatanthauza ndi poyizoni Unyinji wa anthu. Komanso, pali kuipitsidwa zachilengedwe. Pakali pano, gulu la poizoni kuwonjezera bongo kuwombola dioxin zinthu monga chlorine, phosgene trichloride phosphorous okusayidi, mpweya, chloropicrin, asidi hydrocyanic, mankhwala enaake sulfure, acrylonitrile, woipa sulfure, mpweya disulphide, amoniya, dimethyl sulphate okusayidi ethylene, methyl bromide.