"Dongosolo Chaanthu" Max Weber ndi mitundu yabwino chikhalidwe

Ngakhale Max Weber sangathe amatchedwa "tate wa Chaanthu" Komabe, iye ndi m'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa monga sayansi, ndipo ankatsutsana nkhani philosophically. Popeza amachita Chaanthu ndi generalization ndi, generalization mfundo, komanso zochita anachita ndi anthu, ndiye pamafunika zitsanzo zina ndi mitundu imene generalizations izi anawagawira. Choncho likukhalira mitundu abwino, mwachitsanzo generalizations yotulutsa zizindikiro zina khalidwe la gululi, monga makhalidwe a gulu. Komabe, "kumvetsa Chaanthu" Max Weber anagwirizana mitundu ndi mfundo za chikhalidwe.

Wafilosofi ankadziwa kuti pansi mfundo chikhalidwe zochita kugwa watanthauzo ndipo sadziwa zimene anthu anapanga ndi nkhani ya zochita za ena. Choncho, ntchito wasayansi, ndi Katswiri - kumvetsa ndi kufotokoza tanthauzo la zimenezi ndi. Choncho anabadwa "luntha Chaanthu" Weber. Komabe, mitundu ndi mitundu kanthu angakhale osiyana, monga njira kwa kumvetsa. Scientist nawo malingaliro a magulu anayi. Amasiyana ndi mmene zomveka ndiponso zogwira ndi zimenezi.

Ndi wamng'ono zomveka affective mtundu wa kanthu, ngakhale kuti sasiya sociality ake. Iye sali wopanda phindu, koma tanthauzo la izi kawirikawiri losadziwika mwa munthuyo, monga yotsirizira ukugwira makamaka mchikakamizo cha makhalidwe. Mofananamo, ndi mtundu chikhalidwe, pamene anthu akuchita chifukwa ntchito, kotero nawo, komanso si nthawi zonse tanthauzo zake, ngakhale mwa iwo Ndithu pano. "Dongosolo Chaanthu" Weber amakhulupirira onse a mitundu ya zochita salembedwa lawo, chifukwa akatswiri mukhoza kumvetsa tanthauzo la zimenezi, ndi anthu okha - osati nthawi zonse.

Wosiyana pamwamba mitundu iwiri ya mtengo-zomveka ndi kanthu tseleratsionalnoe. Woyamba ndi kwaiye kukhulupirira amazindikira anthu kuti miyambo ndi zikhulupiliro zina khalidwe kunyamula mfundo analengedwa ndi Mulungu kuti ziyeneretso koyenela kapena malamulo a aesthetics. "Dongosolo Chaanthu" Max Weber amadziwika mtundu wa khalidwe ngati zomveka, koma rationality ndi wachibale. Ndiko kuti, munthu amachita mwa njira ina, chifukwa iye akuona kuti ayenera kuchita izo, chifukwa ndizo zofunikira ndi zikhulupiriro zake maganizo ake ulemu kwa anthu, kapena, potsiriza, chifukwa iye akukhulupirira izo ndi wokongola. Komabe, nthawi zambiri ponseponse "yoyenera" khalidwe ankaona mtheradi ndi kudzudzula mtima gwero la malamulo amenewa kapena zotsatira zotheka mbali si n'komwe.

Pamapeto pake, ambiri zomveka "kumvetsa Chaanthu" Max Weber adzaitana kanthu tseleratsionalnoe. Zikuonekeratu kuti anthu mukukonzekera khalidwe lawo malingana zolinga iwo Tipindulanji ndi kuwerengera (yesezera) makhalidwe a anthu ena, amene iwo amayembekezera. Komanso, zolinga ndi kuzikwaniritsa, iwo akhoza zimasiyana malinga, zinthu ndi anthu ena, kapena chikhalidwe kapena monga njira zimenezi zitheke. Monga muyezo waukulu khalidwe ndi bwino ndi mogwira mtima, zolinga, njira ndi zotsatira inayesetsa. Mtundu uwu wa khalidwe zingatheke anamvetsa.

Kumene, mugawo ili la mitundu yambiri ya khalidwe la munthu mu mitundu inayi makonzedwe yekha ndipo mwachita kwa mayiko. Iwo susonyeza zosiyanasiyana lonse zenizeni ndi m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti Katswiri ntchito kuyeza ndi disclosing tanthauzo la chikhalidwe ndi njira zomveka-cilamulo ndi luso la maganizo "chisoni", chisoni dziko lauzimu la munthu, chifundo wake. Pakati pa izi njila kapena milingo womvetsa m'njira yakeyake n'kofunika kumvetsetsa ndondomeko zovuta, yomwe ife timaitcha cikhalidwe, ankaona Maks Veber. maphunziro Social, chotero, si asiye zinachitikira zotengera malingaliridwe ndi chikhulupiriro anthu ndipo walola zochita zawo pa khalidwe ndi zotsatira za kuphatikiza nkhani izi ndi malingaliro khalidwe gulu. Komanso, wasayansi analangiza tisaiwale za kuti ndi akatswiri okha kugawana mfundo zina, chifukwa maganizo ndi miyambo ina, kuti nawonso akhoza sanali bwanji zotsatira za kafukufuku wawo.