Dyslalia ana ndi njira Kupha ake. Zoyambitsa, zizindikiro, ana chithandizo dyslalia

Violation zvukoproiznosheniya otchedwa dyslalia. mwana akhoza musanjenso phokoso mu syllables, kusintha kwa ena. Kids nthawi zambiri m'malo moti zinali yabwino ndi wosavuta kutchula mawu. Dyslalia ana ndi njira yake kuchotsa ofunitsitsa ndi ndikuphunzitsidwa kulankhula. katswiri uyu akhoza kukhazikitsa matenda cholondola ndi kukhala machenjerero kukonza vutoli.

Zimayambitsa dyslalia

Kuphwanya angayambe ana ndi mavuto kakulidwe ka zida ntchito mawu kuti: chibwano, lilime, milomo, mano. Pankhaniyi ife kulankhula kwa dyslalia makina. Mu chitukuko wabwinobwino, ndi zida amapilira akapezeka ndi "zinchito dyslalia".

matenda Organic zimachitika ana amene:

- yochepa frenulum ya lilime ndi mlomo chapamwamba;

- kwambiri wandiweyani milomo;

- kumwamba dongosolo zopindika (kungakhale kwambiri kapena otsika);

- waukulu kwambiri kapena M'malo mwake, chinenero yaing'ono;

- malocclusion;

- anafooka chapamwamba mlomo.

Zifukwa dyslalia ana akhoza kugwirizana ndi mbali structural ya zida mawu. Pankhaniyi, kusemphana zvukoproiznosheniya ukapezeka chifukwa:

- potsanzira wina ndi kulakwa kunena;

- pedagogical kunyalanyaza;

- pachithunzichi kulankhula chikhalidwe m'banja;

- kulephera kusunga pakamwa pako pamalo pomwe;

- underdevelopment kumva phonemic;

- kusintha chinenero kusala kudya kayendedwe wina ndi mzake.

mitundu mwina kuyan'anila

Kumvetsa mmene matenda kumaonekera, m'pofunika kumvetsa zimene zili mtundu uliwonse. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa vuto zikumveka dyslalia akhoza kukhala wophweka kapena zovuta. Iwo amati mawu dokotala. Mbali yoyamba, mwanayo si kunena kuti 5 phokoso. Pamene zovuta mawonekedwe dyslalia adzakhala kuposa 5. A ndikuphunzitsidwa kulankhula akhoza kukuuzani inu chomwe kuchita makolo, ngati anapezeka ana dyslalia. Ndipo njira vutolo, ndi kudziwa njira mankhwala kukamba kale pa msonkhano woyamba.

Malinga a chilema, payokha kudziwa subspecies angapo dyslalia:

- lambdatsizm: mavuto ndi katchulidwe ka mwakhama ndi zofewa "L";

- rhotacism: mwana molakwa akulengeza mwakhama ndi zofewa "tsa";

- lisping: katchulidwe sizzling lamulo;

- kappatsizm: mavuto ndi zovuta ndi yofewa "K";

- yotatsizm: zosayenera kulankhula "TH";

- hitizm: kuphwanya mu katchulidwe ka "×";

- gammatsizm: mavuto ndi kulankhula "g";

- zopindika ganizo lothetselatu nkhanza ndi kuwumitsa phokoso: mwana akhoza kukhala zilembo zovuta m'malo wophatikizidwa zofewa ndi mosemphanitsa;

- zopindika zidzasintha ndi Polankhula: anafuulira zilembo tisandulika kwa ogontha, ndi mosemphanitsa.

Choncho dyslalia akuwonetseredwa mu ana. Koma usaope matenda izi: kugwira bwino ntchito za makolo ndi mawu ndikuphunzitsidwa kulankhula matenda tiyenera tikonze.

Kupanga zinchito dyslalia

Dokotala Kupenda amasankha zinthu zambiri zazikulu za lokhudza kulankhula. Izi zimathandiza oyang'anira ntchito ya ndikuphunzitsidwa kulankhula ndi kuzipanga izo aluso. Akatswiri kudziwa mitundu ya dyslalia zinchito:

1) lamayimbidwe-phonemic;

2) -phonetic articulatory;

3) articulatory-phonemic.

Mbali yoyamba imbaendesa munthu ku mavuto a underdevelopment kulankhula kumva. Chifukwa cha izi zikumveka ofanana mu maonekedwe lamayimbidwe ali osokonezeka. Nthawi zina wotsika nzeru zawo chifukwa chakuti mwana angamachite zolankhula zawo.

Articulatory-phonetic dyslalia ana sukulu kumachitika molakwika ndi lophunzira ndi articulation udindo. Pa nthawi yomweyo ana kuyamba kupotoza phokoso analankhula.

Pamene articulatory-phonemic dyslalia mwana sakhala adziwe malo olondola a chilankhulo ayenera kukhala katchulidwe ka mau. Zimenezi zimabweretsa chisokonezo.

Apa ngati ndi osiyana - dyslalia ana. Ndipo njira vutolo, kotero, nawonso, adzakhala osiyana. Malinga ndi matenda anakhazikitsa, mawu dokotala ayenera kukhala njira ya ntchito ndi mwanayo.

Kuwukonza zosiyanasiyana lokhudza kulankhula

Ngati pali katchulidwe pachithunzichi mawu a gulu lomwelo, monga malikhweru, tikulankhula za kuyan'anila yosavuta. Awathandize zokwanira 2-3 miyezi ya mgwirizano ndikuphunzitsidwa kulankhula, ndipo nthawizina kudzudzulidwa mwina kwa miyezi isanu. Koma dyslalia zovuta ana, omwe amakhala ndi mkhutu katchulidwe ka magulu oposa 5 mawu, pamafunika yaitali kalavulagaga ntchito.

Nthawi zambiri, njira zovuta ana linaphwanya phonemic kumva. Mu ndondomeko ya kukonza mavuto osati chifukwa chakuti kufunika kuti ' "ambiri phokoso ndi chakuti mwanayo anayamba kumva bwino. Pamafunika nthawi yambiri. Nkofunika kuti mwana osati kuchita ntchito ndikuphunzitsidwa kulankhula, ndiponso makolo kunyumba. Only ndi ntchito yeniyeni komanso mwadongosolo akhoza mu nthawi yaifupi kuti abwezeretse izo.

Kuwongolera dyslalia mawotchi

Pofuna kukonza zvukoproiznosheniya ana amene ali ndi mavuto ndi zida kulankhula, m'pofunika kuthetsa muzu chitukuko matenda. Ngati wina kwambiri lalifupi frenulum ya lilime kapena mlomo chapamwamba, ndiye amapita kutchalitchi chepetsa - ndi Yesuyo nayamba kulankhula bwino.

A pang'ono zinthu zovuta milandu komwe kuyan'anila chifukwa cha malocclusion. Pankhaniyi zinafunika upo orthodontist. Zikhoza kukuthandizani kukonza kuluma mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo wapadera, ngakhale ali aang'ono. Ngati zimenezi sizingatheke, ndiye khama amayamba kulankhula dokotala. Kuyenera umalimbana, kuti ankafunila zotsatira lamayimbidwe mu mwana ndi matenda amenewa.

Komanso, kulankhula madokotala angathandize ndi ana amene ali kumwamba kapangidwe cholakwika. Akatswiri kudziwa mmene kulongosola lilime la anthu "Gothic", lathyathyathya kapena kagawo woboola pakati chapamwamba Chipilala pakamwa.

Kupenda mwana

Musanayambe sukuluyi, mawu dokotala ayenera kufufuza sayenda ya zida amapilira a mwanayo ndi mayi ake kuti tidziwe za njira ya mimba ndi kubereka. A zosiyanasiyana zipangizo zophunzitsira kulola ife kudziwa zopindika alipo ndi kudziwa mlingo wa chitukuko cha ana. Pambuyo pa phunziro ili mawu dokotala wodziwa za vutoli akhoza kundiuza ngati ana dyslalia. "Zizindikiro" (bwino kuphwanya mawu) omwe ayesedwa osakaniza ndi kutsimikizira maganizo phonemic. ndiye yekha anapezeka.

Ngati dokotala silinena zindikirani chisokonezo makina, mumasonyeza kuti mwanayo katswiri wa mbiri. Izi zikhoza kukhala dokotala, orthodontist kapena audiologist. Asamathe katswiri dokotala akhoza amalangiza kupita ngati mukuganiza kuti kumva mwana chakhungu. Pamene zofunika zinchito mtundu kudwala ulendo katswiriyu. Umakhala ana kafukufuku dyslalia kuchotsa underdevelopment ambiri wa kulankhula. Ngakhale matenda kuyambirira ndi angatiombole kulankhula dokotala.

Masiteji kudzudzulidwa zvukoproiznoshenija

Mphunzitsi kukhala dongosolo la mogwirizana ndi mwana amene anapezeka dyslalia. Ntchito kayenela osati kukonza katchulidwe phokoso, komanso pa zomwe kukumbukira, chidwi, phonemic kumva. Komanso katswiri akuyesetsa kuti chitukuko cha luso kulankhula galimoto. Pakuti zolinga zimenezi, ndi wapadera logopedic kutikita. Komanso mbali ya phunziro amaperekedwa kuchita Zochita. Ndi kuvomerezedwa ngati dyslalia anapezeka ana. Chithandizo (Zochita kuthandiza kukhala ndi zida amapilira) ndiyo kukhala ndi kutchula bwino mawu, zokha awo ndi chitukuko cha luso Makutu zosiyanasiyana.

Pokhazikitsa phokoso pa nthawi yomweyo ntchito pa zokha awo. Kuti tichite zimenezi, iwo kupereka gawo la syllables munthu ndi mawu. Pakuti staging ntchito moyenera kutsanzira njira. Ngati sangabereke zotsatira, ndi dokotala ntchito kafukufuku wapadera mungathandize mwana wanu powapatsa lilime m'njira yoyenera.

Zolinga za lolankhula kudzudzulidwa

ntchito katswiri ayenera umalimbana kukonza zvukoproiznosheniya, ndi kuzindikira mawu, luso kutchula iwo molondola, kulamulira kalankhulidwe kawo.

M'pofunika kudziwa mbali zonse za kugonjetsa ana dyslalia, chifukwa popanda izo sizingatheke kukwaniritsa chifukwa. Kwa gulu la madokotala mabanja '- mwana "n'kofunika kulenga zinthu yabwino. Mwana ali kukhulupirira mphunzitsi, ayenera kugwirizana ndi maganizo. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, kulankhula dokotala ndikofunikira kusamalira gulu la ntchito mu mawonekedwe a chidwi ndi mwanayo. Iwo ayenera kulimbikitsa ntchito chidziwitso, kuteteza kutopa zotheka.

Ngati izi chingapezeke, ndiye mwana athe:

- kuphunzira kuzindikira phokoso osiyana ndi kusakaniza iwo;

- zvukoproiznosheniya kusiyanitsa chabwino ndi choipa;

- ulamuliro wa kulankhula zawo;

- n'zosavuta zosiyanasiyana phokoso mu mtsinje kulankhula;

- molondola kuzindikira ndi kudzipatula phokoso la mawu ake.

Kuteteza dyslalia

Ngati makolo sindikufuna tsogolo kuyang'ana zipangizo pa "ana dyslalia ndi njira vutolo," ndiye iwo ayenera kudziwa pasadakhale momwe mungapewere kuyan'anila amenewa.

Kuteteza mitundu makina a matenda adzakhala kuyendera zonse madokotala apadera amene adzatha yake kudziwa kuvutika anatomical ziwalo kulankhula.

M'pofunikanso anazungulira mwanayo ndi anthu bwino kulankhula. Akulu "lisp" ayenera kukhala ndi mwana, chifukwa ndipamene dongosolo lake kulankhulana. The mwana ayenera kukhala zitsanzo kutsatira. Ngati munthu wina m'banja lanu lili vuto kulankhula, udindo wake angamulerere ana sayenera kutsogolera.