Dziko funso isiyana ndi wokayenda pamwezi wokayenda pamwezi

100 zokha zapitazo, anthu sankakhoza ngakhale ndimalota amatha kuyenda kupyola mlengalenga, kugonjetsa ataliatali pa liwilo. Makamaka chinachake lingaliro wosangalatsa ankaoneka anthu danga. Mu nthawi yapano ndi mfundo tsiku ndi tsiku theka-anthu kukhala mu kanjira. Nthawi zambiri pa TV kulankhula za anthu, kugonjetsa mlengalenga. Koma nthawi zina amatchedwa chombo, ndipo nthawizina - a chombo. Kodi kusiyana kwake?

Kodi kuyamba mawu

Pofuna kuona kuti wokayenda pamwezi kuchokera wokayenda pamwezi ndi osiyana, muyenera kumvetsa chiyambi cha mawu.

Choyamba, dziko aphunzira mawu "wokayenda pamwezi". Akukhulupirira kuti anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu ake pa masamba a mabuku zongopeka ndi English wolemba P. Gregg mu 1880. Koma kutchuka wapadera sichipezeka. Mu 1929, mawu ntchito ngati tanthauzo sayansi m'nkhani ya British zakuthambo Association.

Mawu "wokayenda pamwezi" mu 1935 adafotokoza kuti wasayansi chinkhoswe mu kuwerengetsa ndege njira ya maroketi ndi popularizer malo sayansi - Shternfeld A. A. Koma chilengedwe sayansi si pomwepo anazindikira luso izi. Akatswiri ena mwapoyera anamukana latsopano akuti, Udindo izo zosafunika neologisms. Koma mawu akuti "wokayenda pamwezi" pambuyo m'ma XX atumwi, limodzi ndi mawu oyamba sayansi, ndiyeno mawu a munthu wamba.

mawu onse zichokera kwa Greek. "Cosmonaut" chinenero Pythagorean kwenikweni anamasuliridwa kuti "kuyenda panyanja chilengedwe" ndi "wokayenda pamwezi" - "nyenyezi yapamadzi".

Ngati tikambirana tanthauzo lenileni la liwu lililonse, kusiyana kwa wokayenda pamwezi wokayenda pamwezi sapezeka. Ndipotu, mawu onse amanena kuti munthu chinkhoswe mu kafukufuku wa sayansi mu mlengalenga. Komabe, m'mayiko osiyanasiyana kugawana mfundo izi, kutanthauza anthu a ntchito yomweyo. Choncho, tiyeni momveka bwino kusiyana pakati wokayenda pamwezi kuchokera wokayenda pamwezi, kodi pali kusiyana?

nkhondo ozizira

The zosiyanasiyana za mawu ndale zatenganso mbali. Iye ndi kudziwa chimene ndi chosiyana ndi wokayenda pamwezi wokayenda pamwezi. Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, Soviet Union ndi United States kwa zaka zingapo munakhala mu mpikisano manja ndi asayansi atulukira kuti kulola dziko kuti akakokoloredwe mdani. Kapena, zifuna kunena, mu Cold nkhondo.

Mu nthawi unawonongedwa anayamba yogwira kukula kwa mapulogalamu zokhudzana ndi kufufuza malo. Tinayamba kumuyesa pa mapeto a spacecraft zinakhazikitsa Padziko Lapansi kanjira. Anthu anatumiza kupitirira Earth, mu USSR, anaganiza dzina chombo, ndipo mu America - pa chombo. Ndipo ngakhale, mawu awa n'chimodzimodzi, mayiko chikumenyana mwadala lolunjika pa kusiyana kwa wokayenda pamwezi wokayenda pamwezi.

Kufikira tsopano, pa TV ndiponso mabuku sayansi m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, kulankhula za anthu akulima dziko lonse, ntchito mawu osiyana. Iwo likukhalira kuti kusiyana chachikulu chomwe ndi wokayenda pamwezi ndi wosiyana ndi wokayenda pamwezi - mtundu wake. Ngati nyenyezi zouluka Russian woyendetsa akulankhula za iye, "wokayenda pamwezi" ngati American, Japanese, European - "wokayenda pamwezi".

Woyamba danga

Ife, ndithudi, podziwa kuti zilibe kanthu zimene wokayenda pamwezi ndi osiyana wokayenda pamwezi, chifukwa anthu onse awa ali otchuka weniweni.

Munthu woyamba, amene anatenga malo anali Soviet mayeso woyendetsa, ndi osakaniza - cosmonaut, Yuriy Alekseevich Gagarin. Zimenezi zinachitika mu 1961, April 12. The ndege inatenga pang'ono kuposa mphindi 100. Tsopano, pa tsiku mu dziko lathu akukondwerera tsiku la Cosmonautics.

Munthu wachiwiri amene anapita roketi mu kanjira, anali cosmonaut German Stepanovich Titov. Mu mlengalenga, anakhala kuposa tsiku.

Mu America, munthu woyamba ndi wachitatu mu dziko, anapanga ndege ake amwanayo pa kanjira wa dziko lapansi mu m'mlengalenga ndi, anakhala wokayenda pamwezi Dzhon Gershel Glenn JR .. Pamene anali ku danga iye anawulukira padziko lonse katatu.

A mkazi woyamba wokayenda pamwezi, anapambana expanses dziko, anakhala Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova (1963).

ndi amene tsopano mu kanjira?

Malinga ndi Mission Control Center pa June 2, 2017 pa la International Space Station ndi gulu la zitatu:

1. Mayeso cosmonaut wa kalasi 1, mkulu wa ISS 52 - Yurchihin Fedor Nikolaevich (Russia).
2. NASA wokayenda pamwezi, ndege injiniya - Peggy Winston (USA).
3. NASA wokayenda pamwezi, ndege injiniya - Dzhek Fisher (USA).

Pakuti anthu awa, zilibe kanthu, chimene ndi chosiyana ndi wokayenda pamwezi wokayenda pamwezi. Chinthu chachikulu - ndi sayansi ndi kufufuza ntchito, zomwe zingathandize earthlings kufikako zinsinsi za chilengedwe. Mwina chifukwa cha anthu odzipereka tidzatha kupita pakati pa nyenyezi ndi maiko ena.