Dziko la Algeria: mbiri, mbiri, chinenero, chiwerengero

Ambiri amadziwa za Algeria okha kuti dzikoli liri ku Africa. Inde, dziko lino likuyendera osati alendo ambiri, koma n'zotheka kufotokozera zambiri ndikuchotsa malingaliro ena. Nthawi zina amadzifunsa kuti dziko la Algeria ndi liti. Koma uwu ndi boma lodziimira ndi mbiri yake ndi chikhalidwe chake. Chosangalatsa ndi chiyani ku Algeria? Ndi dziko liti ku Africa komwe limatchedwa Algerian People's Democratic Republic?

Zolinga za boma

M'Chiarabu, dziko la Algeria likuwoneka ngati "el-jazir", kutanthauza "zilumba". Dziko linalandira dzina limeneli chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwa zilumba pafupi ndi gombe. Likulu la dziko la Algeria ndi mzinda womwe uli ndi dzina lomwelo. Chigawo ichi ku Africa ndi Republic of America yomwe imatsogoleredwa ndi purezidenti. Amasankhidwa kwa zaka zisanu, chiwerengero cha mawu sichikhala malire. Mphamvu zolamulira ndizo Bungwe la Bicameral Parliament. Algeria imagawidwa mu zigawo 48, zigawo 553 (zowona), makilomita 1541 (baladia). Pa November 1, anthu a ku Algeria amakondwerera holide - Tsiku la Revolution.

Geography ndi chilengedwe

Dziko la Algeria lili ndi dera lalikulu. Iyi ndiyo dziko lachiwiri lalikulu ku Africa pambuyo pa Sudan . Malo ake ndi 2.3 miliyoni km2. Alendo pafupi ndi Algeria ndi Niger, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia ndi Libya. Kumpoto kumadutsa nyanja ya Mediterranean. Pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya dziko lonse ndilo la Sahara. Pa malo ake ozungulira pali madenga a mchenga ndi miyala.

Kum'mwera chakum'maŵa kwa dzikoli ndipamwamba kwambiri - phiri la Tahat, mamita okwana 2906. Pa malo akuluakulu a Sahara pali nyanja yaikulu yamchere, yotchedwa Chott-Melgir ndipo ili kumpoto kwa dziko la Algeria. Mitsinje imakhalanso m'chigawo cha Algeria, koma pafupifupi onse osakhalitsa, imakhalapo nthawi ya mvula yokha.

Mtsinje waukulu kwambiri (mamita 700 km) ndi Mtsinje wa Sheliff. Mitsinje ya kumpoto kwa dziko imayenderera kupita ku Mediterranean, pamene ena onse amatha kumalo a Sahara.

Zomera za kumpoto kwa Algeria ndizo zambiri ku Mediterranean, zolamulidwa ndi oak wa chork, mu alpha-udzu - udzu alpha. M'madera ouma, madera ang'onoang'ono ali ndi zomera.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi chinenero

Anthu oposa 38 miliyoni amakhala ku Algeria. Gawo lalikulu, 83% la anthu onse, ndi Aarabu. 16% ndi Berbers, mbadwa za anthu akale a ku Algeria, omwe ali ndi mafuko angapo. Enanso 1% amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nthumwi za mitundu ina, makamaka French. Chipembedzo cha boma ku Algeria ndi Chisilamu, anthu ambiri ndi Sunni.

Chilankhulo cha boma mu dziko ndi chimodzi - Chiarabu, ngakhale kuti French sikunali wotchuka kwambiri. Pafupifupi 75 peresenti ya anthu amakhala ndi ufulu. Palinso zilankhulo za Berber. Ngakhale kuti pali dera lalikulu la dzikoli, anthu ambiri a dziko la Algeria, oposa 95%, akuyang'ana kumpoto, pamphepete mwa nyanja ndi Kabilia. M'mizinda, anthu oposa theka la anthu amakhala - 56%. Kuwerenga ndi kulemba pakati pa amuna kumafika 79 peresenti, pomwe pakati pa akazi - 60% okha. Arabia a ku Algeria amakhala m'madera ambiri ku France, Belgium ndi United States.

Mbiri

Mu gawo la Algeria wamakono mu zaka za zana la 12 BC. E. Mafuko a Afoinike anawonekera. M'zaka za zana lachitatu boma la Numidia linakhazikitsidwa. Wolamulira wa dziko lino adalowa nawo nkhondo ya Roma, koma adagonjetsedwa. Gawo lawo linakhala gawo la chuma cha Aroma. M'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri, Aarabu anaukira ndi kukhala nthawi yaitali. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 16, Algeria adagonjetsedwa ndi ulamuliro wa Ufumu wa Ottoman. Koma kunali kovuta kuyendetsa chifukwa cha malo. Chifukwa chake, France idagwira dziko lino la Afirika, ndipo kuyambira 1834 dziko la Algeria lakhala dziko la France. Dziko linayamba kuwoneka ngati limodzi la Ulaya. Mizinda yonse inamangidwa ndi French, kudaliranso kwakukulu kwa ulimi. Koma anthu ammudzi sakanatha kugwirizanitsa ndi akoloni. Nkhondo yowombola dziko inatha zaka zingapo. Ndipo mu 1962 Algeria anakhala wodziimira. Ambiri mwa a French adachoka ku Africa. Kwa zaka zoposa 20, boma linayesetsa kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha anthu, koma chifukwa cha zipolopolozo, a Islamist okhwima maganizo adayamba kulamulira. Kulimbana ndi nkhondo kumapitirira mpaka lero. Mkhalidwe wa m'dzikoli ndi wosakhazikika kwambiri.

The Economy

• Chigawo cha ndalama cha boma ndi Algeria dinar.
• Maziko a zachuma ndi mafuta ndi mafuta omwe amapanga - pafupifupi 95% mwazinthu zonse. Algeria imapanganso mkuwa, chitsulo, zinc, mercury ndi phosphates.

• Agriculture imatenga ndalama zing'onozing'ono mu kapangidwe ka chuma, koma ndizosiyana kwambiri. Amamera mbewu, mphesa, zipatso za zipatso. Vinyo amapangidwa kuti azitumiza kunja. Algeria ndi mtsogoleri wamkulu kwambiri wa pistachios. M'kati mwa chipululu, alfa udasonkhanitsidwa ndikusinthidwa, kuchokera pa pepala lina labwino kwambiri lomwe limapezeka.
• Pogwiritsa ntchito zoweta, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ulimi wa ng'ombe, komanso mbuzi ndi nkhosa.
• M'malo mwa nyanja, iwo akugwira nsomba.

Chikhalidwe

Likulu la dziko la Algeria - mzinda wakale kwambiri komanso wokongola kwambiri, womwe uli m'phila lomwe liri ndi dzina lomwelo. Nyumba zonse zimapangidwanso ndi zipangizo zowala, zomwe zimapereka chisangalalo chapadera ku mzindawu. Pano mungathe kuona misewu yopanda phokoso komanso nyumba zochepa, ndi mzikiti zokongola kwambiri kumayendedwe a kummawa. Zina mwazo ndi nyumba za m'ma 1700 - manda a Sidd Abdarrahman ndi Msikiti wa Jami al-Jadid. Mu gawo lamakono la mzindawo, nyumba zatsopano zimayambira - maofesi, nyumba zapamwamba za utsogoleri.

Maulendo a zamtundu

• Algeria ndi mmodzi wa atsogoleli pa chitukuko cha kayendedwe ka Africa.
• Pali misewu yambiri, pafupi makilomita 105,000. Ndizofunika kwambiri pa kulankhulana pakati pa mizinda.
• Sitima zapansizi zinkafika ku 5,000 km.
• Mothandizidwa ndi zoyendetsa madzi, 70% mwa magalimoto amitundu yonse amapezeka. Izi zimatipatsa ufulu woitanira Algeria mphamvu yaikulu ya madzi ku Africa.
• Kulankhulana kwapangidwe ndi mpweya. Dziko lamtendere Algeria lili ndi maulendo okwera 136, omwe 51 - ali ndi chivundikiro cha konkire. Malo akuluakulu komanso ofunikira kwambiri, Dar El Beyda, amagwira ndege ndi ndege ku Ulaya, Asia, Africa, North America. Chiwerengero cha mayiko okwana 39.

Kitchen

Zakudya za ku Algeria ndi mbali yaikulu ya miyambo yopangira migraine. Zakudya zambiri zofanana zimapezeka ku Tunisia yoyandikana nayo. Kufalikira kwa zakudya kuchokera ku Mediterranean mankhwala. Kuphika, zipatso ndi masamba, maolivi amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Msuzi wambiri wa Berber ndi nyama ya ngamila. Mowa mu Muslim Algeria ndiletsedwa. Ndizozoloŵera kumamwa tiyi wobiriwira ndi mtedza, timbewu timeneti kapena amondi. Okonda zakumwa zotsitsimutsa amakonda khofi yolimba ya Chiarabu.

Zogula

Kugula ku Algeria kuli ndi zikhalidwe zake, kapena kani-nthawi ya masitolo. Kwa anthu a ku Ulaya, sizodziwika bwino. Zoona zake n'zakuti anthu a ku Algeria, monga boma lachisilamu, amachita maola awiri kuti asakhalenso pa nthawi ya ntchito. Izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku masitolo omwe amagwira ntchito mu magawo awiri: m'mawa - kuyambira 8:00 mpaka 12.00, ndi madzulo - kuyambira 2 koloko mpaka 6 koloko masana. Izi sizikukhudzana ndi masitolo okhumudwitsa. Amagwira "mpaka mlendo wotsiriza." Zamakampani m'masitolo akuluakulu angagulidwe kuyambira m'mawa mpaka usiku. Alendo amatha kubweretsa kuchokera kudziko la Africa izi zikukumbutso zosiyanasiyana: katundu wa nkhuni, chikopa ndi yunifolomu, ndalama zamkuwa, makapu a Berber, zodzikongoletsera za siliva kapena makina ndi Berber motifs.

Chitetezo cha alendo

Dziko la Algeria ndi dziko lotukuka, chisamaliro chapadera sichiperekedwa kwa zokopa alendo, ndipo mizinda ina imalingaliridwa kuti ingakhale yoopsa kwa alendo. Awalimbikitse mwamphamvu. Ngakhale kulibe kuvomerezedwa ndi boma. Panali zochitika zogwidwa ndi alendo. Komabe, kumpoto kwa dziko kumatengedwa kuti ndi kotetezeka. Ku Sahara ndikoyenera kupita kokha ndi gulu lokhazikitsidwa, ndi chitsogozo chapafupi. Maulendo ndi maulendo amayenera kulamulidwa okha kuchokera kwa oyendetsa maulendo.

Chinthu chochititsa chidwi kwambiri

1. Zodzikongoletsera zaumwini - zopangidwa ndi golide, siliva ndi platinamu - ziyenera kulengezedwa pa miyambo yomwe ili pakhomo la dzikoli.
2. Popanda ntchito ku Algeria, simungatenge ndudu imodzi yosuta kapena ndudu 50, 2 malita a mowa pang'ono (osakwana 22º), ndi 1 lita imodzi ya zakumwa zoledzeretsa (zoposa 22º).
3. Ngati pasipoti pali chizindikiro pa kudutsa malire a Israeli, ndiye kuti kulowa ku Algeria sikuletsedwa.
4. Nthawi zina ATM amafunsidwa kuti alowe mu code PIN ya 6. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kulowa mazere awiri oyambirira.
5. Sikoyenera kuti tifotokoze anthu ammudzimo. Izi zimaonedwa ngati zosayenera.
6. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi okhaokha.
7. Mphepete mwa nyanja ndi yabwino kuyendera chaka chonse, ngakhale kuti dziko la Algeria si malo enieni ogona, palibe mahotela abwino.
8. M'gawo la boma muli chiwerengero chachikulu cha mabwinja a Foinike, Aroma ndi Byzantine.
9. Pamphepo, mamita 124 pamwamba pa nyanja, ndi Cathedral of Our Lady of Africa.

Pamwamba pakhomo muli zolembedwa mu French - "African Virgin, tipempherere ife ndi Asilamu." Iyi ndi malo okhawo padziko lapansi kumene chipembedzo cha Katolika chimanena za chipembedzo cha Muslim.