Dziko la Turkey. Economy ya Turkey. Flag of Turkey - chithunzi

Mu kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Asia ndi dziko yodabwitsa. Turkey (mwalamulo wotchedwa Republic of Turkey) chinapangidwa mu 1923, pambuyo kugwa kwa Ottoman. Mafumu linathetsedwa ndi madera anakhala mtundu boma ndi predominance wa Turkey fuko.

Ambiri a dziko funso mu mapiri Chiameniya ndi chilumba Anatolia ndi ang'onoang'ono - pakati pa Mediterranean ndi Nyanja Black (mu Balkans).

maiko oyandikana

Mwachidule, longosolani malire a Turkey. Choncho, kum'mawa kwa boma pafupi Azerbaijan ndi Armenia, kumadzulo - mu Greece, kum'mwera - kuti Iran, Iraq ndi Syria. Ndipo ali malire a kumpoto cha Turkey? Map amasonyeza kuti kuwonjezera ku Nyanja Black. dziko kusamba ndi nyanja atatu: Mediterranean, ndi Marmara ndi Aegean.

zachitetezo

asilikali Turkey limaimiridwa ndi mndandanda wa asilikali, amene cholinga chake ndi kuteteza ufulu, madera wokhulupirika ndi ufulu wa dziko. Pamene chaka cha 2011 chiwerengero cha anthu chinali 720 zikwi. Anthu. Komanso, boma lili ndi chiwerengero cha malo ophunzitsidwa 90 chikwi. Pers. Limene 38,000 ali mu gawo loyamba la m'dera limeneli.

Turkey asilikali m'chinyumba ichi kupyolera dongosolo usilikali. mokakamizidwa asilikali nthawi utumiki osiyanasiyana monga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka fifitini. Choyesera zaka - zaka makumi awiri. Pambuyo kumaliseche kwa asilikali, nzika ndi katundu kwa zaka makumi asanu. Malinga ndi malamulo a dziko lawo, mu nthawi ya nkhondo angatchedwe osati kwa anthu zaka 16-60, koma mkazi zaka 20-46.

kasamalidwe ntchito ya zachitetezo ikuchitika pansi pa utsogoleri wa mkulu General Wogwila, ndi mutsogoleli wadziko. Iye Kumvetsela atsogoleri a magulu dziko, mphamvu za panyanja, ndi gendarmerie ndi Alonda Coast.

Kupeza ndalama

Panopa dziko chimakhala chogwidwa ndi asapita msika. chuma Turkey wa nthawi zonse chifukwa liberalized: privatized nkhawa boma, lomwe opereka mwayi watsopano ndalama zakunja msika zoweta.

Mu zaka za m'ma twente-loyamba, panali mavuto azachuma mu dziko. Akatswiri kuzitcha izo yakula pa nthawi yonse ya boma ya chitukuko zikhalidwe za liberalization mwatsatanetsatane. Choncho, GDP mitengo atathana anagwa ndi 9,5%. Komabe, mu 2002 izo anakwanitsa kubwezeretsa bwino chuma. Mwachitsanzo, GNP ananyamuka ndi 7.1%.

ndalamawo dziko chachikulu ndi World Bank ndi IMF. chuma Turkey wa nthawi zonse chifukwa cholephera ngongole. Kotero, basi kuyambira 2000 mpaka 2005, dziko analandira madola 30 biliyoni.

Gawo zosakwana makumi awiri a anthu amakhala osauka. Malipiro osachepera mu 2013 analipo mayuro 405.

makampani dziko

ntchito yogwira pa chitukuko ndi kukula kwa nsalu, zitsulo, chakudya processing, mankhwala, zomangamanga ndi migodi makampani amachitika Turkey.

kupanga mafuta mu dziko sangatengedwe kukhala zokwanira kudya zoweta. Boma akumeneko mabizinezi, mothandizidwa ndi likulu achilendo kupanga injini kufufuza ntchito. The kwambiri pankhaniyi m'dera la South-East Anatolia. Chifukwa chakuti madipoziti zili m'madera akumidzi, mtengo zoyendera ndi kupanga mowirikiza kuwonjezeka.

Dziko ndi amagulitsa yaikulu ya chrome miyala. Komanso, kupanga ndi zopangidwa ndi mkuwa, tungsten, ureniamu ndi ores manganese, Mercury, sulfure, borates, golide ndi siliva.

Lodziwika mofulumira osauka makampani zamagetsi ku Turkey. Kotero, dziko anakhazikitsa kuŵeta wailesi, TV ndi zida telefoni, makompyuta ndi zipangizo zina zambiri. Malo otsogolera pakati pa katundu wolowa ndi kutuluka m'dziko zatenga thermometers amagetsi.

The nkhani zandale

Panopa m'bwalo la ndale za dziko Tingaone yowala ndi zazikulu kwambiri ndondomeko ya kulimbana pakati kufuna kutenga udindo waukulu wa zipani. Onsewo cholinga kupeza bwino kudziwa vekitala ya malamulo ake ena ndi zoweta.

Anthu masiku ano ndi Turkey wotanganidwa kwambiri maganizo rethinking cholowa, zomwe wasiya Kemal Ataturk - woyambitsa ndi pulezidenti woyamba wa Republic. Impso ndi m'manja mwa mamembala a kulamulira Justice ndi Development Party (AKP). Iwo kuima pa chitetezo cha mfundo Chisilamu ndiponso kusintha kwa malamulo mkati ndi achilendo. sankalemekeza kwambiri ndizo mbali zotsatirazi: Anthu Republican (watero kutsatira mfundo za Kemal Ataturk) ndi mtundu Action Party (lotsogoleredwa ndi Devlet Bahçeli).

mfundo Turkey ndi (onse mkati ndi kunja) chikupitiriza chidwi padziko lonse. chifukwa choona kuti State ayamba kulemera m'bwalo lonse ndipo ali ndi yogwira zachuma.

Pulezidenti Turkey

Tsopano dziko wolamulira Dzhumuh Abdullah Gul. Iye ndi Dokotala wa Sciences Economic. Gul anasonyeza lodziwa bwino ndi ndale. Iye amachita bwino, motero mwamsanga motsogozedwa ndi kalekale kagwiridwe ya mpweya ndale komanso. Pa August 28, 2007 Gul - osankhidwa pulezidenti wa Turkey. Tsopano dziko ndi pokonzekera chisankho watsopano kuonedwa August 10, 2014.

zizindikiro State

Mwachibadwa, mbendera ake, chizindikiro ndi nyimbo ndipo ali m'dziko lino dzuwa. Turkey ndi mbendera wofiira ndi kachigawo ndi nyenyezi zomwe ziri zizindikiro za Islam. Mbiri ya zikamera wa mbendera sikutanthauzira wina. Yekha angatsutse mfundo ndi dziko tinatengera zizindikiro za Ottoman, umene unali mtundu liri lacheza. nyenyezi woyamba anaonekera pa mbendera kokha m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Choyamba, ankaimira ndi malekezero asanu ndi awiri kapena asanu ndi atatu. Ndipo mmene mbendera Turkey zikuwoneka ngati tsopano? Photos anasonyeza mu nsalu yofiira ndi nyenyezi zisanu zisonga ndi kachigawo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti atatsala pang'ono kugwa kwa Ottoman, nyenyezi pa mbendera anali atatu. Modern Baibulo ndipo anavomereza mu 1923. zaka khumi ndi zitatu kenako mwalamulo anatsimikizira chiŵerengero cha 2: 3.

Turkey odula manja m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri anayimiridwa mwa bwalo wobiriwira ndi mwezi pa maziko a nyenyezi. Pansi iwowa ali ndi chishango chokongoletsedwa ndi mwezi golide ndi nyenyezi, komanso korona yakumeneko mipango - nduwira. Pa mbali zonse za chovala manja anali mbendera. Mmodzi wa iwo - chofiira (Ottoman mafumu), winayo - zobiriwira (Islam). Komanso, chovala manja akuonetsedwa zikho Ufumu ncho mu nkhondo.

Koma masiku ano Turkey, mkulu boma chizindikiro, iye alibe. M'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri ntchito chizindikiro - ndi chowulungika wofiira ndi vertically anakonza kachigawo woyera ndi nyenyezi. chizindikiro Izi lowonjezera ndi dzina lovomerezeka wa dziko olembedwa Turkey.

Koma nyimbo yakuti "Istiklal Marsi" ( "wodzilamulira March"), anali kuboma monga dziko mu 1921. Mawu lolembedwa ndi wolemba ndakatulo Mehmet Akif Ersoy. Poyamba, woyambitsa nyimbo anali Ali Rifat Kagatay. Nyimbo wake ankagwiritsa ntchito zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. nyimbo linasinthidwa ina. Panopa ntchito nyimbo nyimbo Zeki Ungor - wochititsa Pulezidenti Symphony Orchestra.

Ikuimira kwambiri akulemekezedwa nzika. Malowa ali pamtunda osati mabungwe payekha ndi anthu, komanso nyumba kwa nzika zonse.

malamulo

Kupita patchuthi, onetsetsani kufunsa, kodi mawu a malamulo oletsa ndi zilolezo allocated dziko lino. Turkey - Dziko kuchereza alendo, koma lamulo chimodzi onse. Mwachitsanzo, posachedwapa analetsa kusuta fodya m'malo onse ndi zoyendera (ngakhale mu takisi, osanenapo mabasi). Pakuti kuphwanya lamulo ili adzakhala chindapusa kuchuluka kwa sikisite thuu liras Turkey (za makumi atatu madola).

malamulo Turkey ndi ulemu kwa yosungirako, mayendedwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi okhwima kwambiri. Choncho, chifukwa kuphwanya malamulo oletsa akhoza kufika kumbuyo mipiringidzo kwa zaka zinayi kwa zaka twente-foro.

Saloledwa Tumizani ku Zosayiwalika dziko. Kuopsa waukulu alendo wamba ndi lingaliro ili amakhudza kwambiri. Kodi mungadzitetezere? Ndi bwino osati kutenga ngakhale zinthu zazing'ono zomwe malo ofukula zinthu zakale ndi kugula alendo yekha mu malo ovomerezeka. Purchase katundu aliyense ayenera kukhala limodzi ndi issuance a kalata zogwirizana. Mukhozanso pepala ayenera kusonyeza akuluakulu malire tikuchoka dziko. No satifiketi ndi chilango chake ndi zaka khumi m'ndende, katundu wa kumodzi si kokwanira.

Ndi upandu ku Turkey ukugwira chipongwe mbendera, kuwononga ndalama m'dera ndi mwano kwa zifanizo za anayambitsa m'dzikoli, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.

Kulikonse kumene inu muli, inu ayenera kunyamula chithunzi chizindikiritso. Chifukwa choopa kuti chitetezo cha zikalata ali ndithu Ndizomveka choncho, kuloledwa kuti mupereke Mwachitsanzo, si pasipoti ndi kope ake.

Pamaso zithunzi anthu wamba, inu muyenera kuti mupeze chilolezo kutero. malamulo dziko sikuti zonse mmene mumavalira koma kuswa malamulo sayenera anakhazikitsa kwa zaka zambiri. Iwo ali osavomerezeka kutsegula miyendo ndi mapewa.

Chikhalidwe ndi miyambo

Ngakhale kuti Russia ndi Turkey ndi mwachirengedwe ili pafupi wina ndi mnzake, pakati pa zikhalidwe m'mayiko amenewa kuphompho. Choncho, ambiri a anthu wamba (osachepera makumi asanu ndi atatu peresenti) Muslim. chikhalidwe kwenikweni zimalimbikitsa mbali iliyonse ya moyo. Religion imalongosola mbali ya moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndiponso kulankhulana.

Chinthu choyamba chimene chinakudabwitsani alendo yachilendo, izo anasonyeza ulemu kulankhulana. Turkey amaonabe maganizo miyambo mawu a mtima kulemekeza ena. Ndithu anamva adiresi zambiri Kuthokoza, ndi bwino kuwayankha pobwezera, musati skimp pa mawu wokoma.

Turkey ukwati miyambo Timasangalalanso alendo zotukumuka zake ndi chofunika. Mwambo LUMIKIZANI mitima iwiri wachikondi ndithu limodzi ndi chibwenzi ndipo chitomero. Mu chikondwerero kumatenga masiku osachepera ochepa. Miyambo yakale, Turkey ano atsatira kufikira tsopano. Ena mwa iwo ndi "The Night wa Henna" (manja Mkwatibwi yokutidwa ndi dongosolo zodabwitsa, ntchito utoto henna) ndi "unamwali m'Galimoto" (bambo a mkwatibwi sangamange pamwamba ukwati kavalidwe chofiira riboni).

Ngakhale Turkey tchuthi zosatheka kuti aganizire popanda kayendedwe rhythmic pansi nyimbo ya fuko. Komabe, pali mitundu zoposa zikwi ziwiri kuvina. Malinga dera, iwo ali osiyana ndi zovala, ndi choreography ndi mungoli.

chikhalidwe

Tikambirane zinthu monga mabuku, zomangamanga, zisudzo, nyimbo, intaneti ndi mafilimu a kanema.

Mizu ya mabuku Turkey amabwerera kalekale. Choncho oyambirira ntchito molondola pachibwenzi ndi zolengedwa Ahmeda Fariha, anaonekera m'nthawi ya khumi ndi chitatu. N'zosadabwitsa kuti Ottoman mabuku osiyana chikhalidwe chachipembedzo ndi kutsatira malamulo a Chisilamu. Ofufuzawa dziwani kuti chitukuko pa nthawi zinakhudza kwambiri miyambo ya Chiarabu ndi mabuku Persian.

Ndi mtundu wanyimbo wapadera wa khoti ndakatulo za nthawi ya Ottoman. Pakati pa mbali khalidwe la zilembo olekanitsidwa miyambo Turkey wowerengeka. Makamaka pa nkhani imeneyi, onani nkhani ya Nasreddin Hodja ndi epos amunamuna (onse pakamwa ndi kulemba). Koma mabuku ano Turkey, akufotokozera mchikakamizo cha kumadzulo.

zomangamanga

Mbiri ya zomangamanga Turkey lagawidwa nthawi zitatu: Seljuk (XII-XIII CC.), Ottoman (XIV-XIX zaka zambiri.) Ndipo masiku ano. Pa mwambo wa kumanga nyumba pa nthawi mukopedwe mamangidwe a Iran, Byzantium ndi Egypt. Panopa mbali yaikulu ya kalembedwe Turkey ndi kuphweka ndi magwiridwe. Ambiri a nyumba yomangidwa mu kalembedwe chimakono. Mwa anthu amene anayambitsa sukulu ya makono ya zomangamanga kuonetsetsa Clemens Holtsmayera Sedat Onat ndi Hakim Eldema.

zisudzo

M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi okhala Ottoman anaphunzira zimene zamasewero ku mithunzi. Masewerawa chapeza kutchuka kwambiri. Mu masewero ntchito osati zidole komanso zidole, koma chilengedwe ndi zotsatira wapadera kuwala. Zonse mwa njira zimenezi kulola kuti alenge kunachititsa kuti malo siteji ndi multidimensional. Kuyambira cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi atumwi zisudzo akufotokozera kukopa mabuku chikhalidwe cha azungu. Woyambitsa wa sewero Turkey mukukhulupirira Ibrahim Şinasi ndi zisudzo - Güllü Agop.

nyimbo

Chiyambi cha miyambo nyimbo zopezedwa oyambirira Ages Middle, pamene Seljuk Turkey, anasamukira ku Central Asia, ndi peopled chilumba. Mwachibadwa, madera atsopano a chikhalidwe kuchita ndi Chiameniya ndi Greek. Mbali khalidwe la miyambo nyimbo za nthawi imeneyo inali pentatonic lonse - wapadera pyatistupennaya imeneyi dongosolo. Onse zikumveka akhoza ili pa quanta ukonde ndipo / kapena makilogalamu.

M'nthawi ya ufumu wa Ottoman inakhalapo latsopano mtundu wanyimbo - usilikali loimba nyimbo limodzi ndi kukwera ambiri ndi kampeni aukali. Modern nyimbo chikhalidwe cha Turkey ndi mchikakamizo cha Kumadzulo. Choncho, achinyamata makamaka wotchuka thanthwe ndi tumphuka komanso jazi. Ambiri oimba Turkey kudziwika kunja kwa dzikoli pakati pawo makamaka kuonetsetsa Mustafa nsapato, Hande Yener, Tarkan ndi Sertab Serdar Ortaç Ernera.

Ukonde wapadziko lonse lapansi

Kufala kwa Intaneti anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pa zachikhalidwe cha dziko. Motero, anthu a m'matawuni ang'onoang'ono, midzi, ndi maiko akutali anali wodziwa zambiri maphunziro ndi zosangalatsa. Pa malo ambiri mungapeze ntchito za olemba Turkey ndi ndakatulo, manyuzipepala komanso ndi chuma chawo amagetsi. chiwerengero cha Intaneti pa khumi zapitazi wakula ndi nthawi 10. Panopa mwayi wa World Lonse Web ndi miliyoni 26,5 Turkey.

kokaonera mafilimu dziko

About cinematography ku Turkey ano ankadziwika ngakhale pamaso kugwa kwa Ottoman. Choncho, choyamba zopelekedwa filimu unaperekedwa kwa omvera mu 1914. Mlembi wake - Fuat Uzyknay. Mafilimu lalifupi amasonyeza pafupi kuwonongedwa kwa chipilala, ndipo anaika mu mzinda wa Constantinople mu ulemu wa San Stefano Mtendere. Kuwombera woyamba filimu ( "Ukwati wa Himmeta Aga") inatha mu 1918.

Panopa, akhoza kutsutsa kuti Turkey wakhoza osati mafilimu a kanema komanso m'munda TV. Kufala kwaiye mu chikhalidwe ichi, ndi otchuka kwambiri ndi kupitirira.

chakudya Local

The zambiri zosangalatsa dziko funso? Turkey angakaphe apaulendo zachilendo miyambo zophikira, ndi onse chifukwa kuti ndondomeko ya kuphika pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana mukopedwe ndi Turkey, Armenia, ku Girisi, Aluya ndi Italy.

Wotchuka mbale m'dera - kababpchis ndi shish-kebab (ng'ombe pa malovu a). Komanso, Turkey chotchuka kwambiri pitsa. Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya mbale ambiri ndi mafuta. chithandizo chapadera kuchokera am'deralo kuti ndiwo zochuluka mchere ndi maswiti. Childs, goodies awa aledzera mtedza ndi zipatso. Pakati zakumwa makamaka zimatulutsa khofi Turkey. No zochepa wotchuka ndi tiyi, vinyo ndi burande (mphesa burande ndi tsabola kukoma).

Pomaliza

Turkey - Dziko chidwi ndi mbiri yovuta. Chimakopa mamiliyoni apaulendo ndi okonda kalekale. Ndipo onse chifukwa cha wapadera zinthu zosangalatsa, ndipo ambiri a zinthu zakale.