Dziko limene dziko lapansili likuchita, ndi zosiyana zake

Dziko lathu limatchedwa buluu, chifukwa malo ambiri amakhala ndi madzi: nyanja, nyanja, mitsinje ndi nyanja. Kawirikawiri, nthaka ya dziko lapansi ili ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aliwonse a pamwamba pake. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo mukhoza kumva dzina lakuti "Green planet", chifukwa apa (monga momwe amadziwira pa sitejiyi). Pali zikhalidwe za moyo, monga tikudziwira, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo, tchire ndi udzu. .

Kodi ndi malo ati omwe ali ndi malo

Zaka makumi atatu peresenti, zomwe zimakhala pa dziko lapansi, zimakhala ndi makhalidwe awo, malinga ndi malo enieni, komanso zimagwirizana ndi kayendetsedwe ka mbale za tectonic. Malo amapiri, omwe alipo pa siteji iyi ya dziko lapansi, adapanga mazana ambiri, zikwi komanso mamiliyoni a zaka zapitazo pa kugunda kwa mbale za tectonic, ndipo tsopano ali ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a malowa.

Malo osadziwika a malo otentha ndipo amadziwika ndi kutentha kwa mpweya amakhala ndi gawo la makumi awiri peresenti.

Komanso, dziko lapansili liri ndi nkhalango zakuda, mitengo yamatabwa ndi masana, omwe angathe kukhala kumapiri. Pafupifupi, pali pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya malo, kumene kuli malo obiriwira, mwachitsanzo, nkhalango zakuda. Malo ochepa (afupi) amapezekanso pa glaciers: 10% - Antarctica, kumpoto kwa Eurasia ndi North America.

Kupatukana kwa nthaka kukhala makontinenti

Tsopano dziko lapansili lagawidwa m'makontinenti asanu akuluakulu. Ambiri mwa awa ndi Eurasia (makilomita 55 miliyoni), akutsatiridwa ndi Africa (makilomita 300 miliyoni), North America (makilomita 20,000), South America (makilomita 18 miliyoni), Antarctica (14) Million sq km ndi Australia (8.5 miliyoni sq km). Chiwerengero chonsechi chikufotokozedwa mu mawonekedwe ozungulira ndikuganizira madera omwe ali pafupi ndi zilumbazi. Mapu a makontinenti amakulolani kuti muwone ndi kumvetsetsa komwe kontinenti ili.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pali lingaliro lopambana. Malingana ndi iye, makontinenti amakono anali oyambirira.

Dzikoli linatchedwa Pangea, ndipo linasambitsidwa ndi nyanja yaikulu, yomwe asayansi amachitcha Pantalassa. Umboni wa chiphunzitso ichi ndikuti m'mphepete mwa makontinenti akhoza kuphatikizidwa, ndipo amangogwirizana popanda zophophonya, komanso kuti kayendetsedwe ka makontanti ndi zisumbu ndidakalipo. Ndizosawerengeka m'mapangidwe a mapulaneti: masentimita khumi okha pachaka, komabe chodabwitsa chotero chiripo.

Zambiri zokhudza makontinenti akulu, zilumba ndi nyanja zimatsuka

Eurasia ndi kontinenti yomwe imatsukidwa ndi nyanja zonse za padziko lapansi. Powerengera malo ake ndi chilumba chachitatu chachikulu kwambiri cha Kalimantan. Chifukwa cha gawo lalikulu lomwe liri pamtunda, mungathe kulimbana ndi nyengo ndi nyengo zomwe dziko lapansi lapansi lingathe, kuyambira nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Ndizodabwitsa kuti dzikoli lagawidwa m'madera awiri - Europe ndi Asia. Yuropa ili pansi pa nyanja zonse padziko lonse - mamita 300 (pafupifupi). Ku Asia, yomwe ili kum'mwera chakumadzulo, dziko lalikulu la dziko la Arabia, ndi malo akuluakulu - zilumba za Great Sunda - amatumizidwa ku gawo la Eurasia .

Africa ndi dziko lake ndi dziko la Madagascar, lomwe ndilo lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Aliyense ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha chipululu chachikulu padziko lapansi, chotchedwa Sahara. Dzikoli limatsukidwa ndi nyanja ziwiri - Atlantic ndi Indian. Kumwera kwa dzikoli kuli Nyanja ya Mediterranean, yomwe imagawaniza Ulaya ndi Africa. Ndizodabwitsa kuti Africa, monga mbali ya dziko lapansi, ndi malo omwe anthu oposa 70% ali osauka.

Gawo limodzi la dziko lapansi lokhala ndi makontinenti awiri

Kumpoto ndi South America ndi makontinenti awiri omwe amapanga mbali imodzi ya dziko - America. Zomwe zili m'mayiko a Western Hemisphere ndipo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi Isthmus ya Panama. North America ndi chilumba chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi - Greenland, ndipo chachikulu chachisanu - Baffin Island. Kusamba ndi nyanja zake zitatu - Atlantic, Arctic ndi Pacific. South America - Atlantic ndi Pacific Ocean.

Mayiko ochepa koma osawerengeka

Antarctica ndipamwamba kwambiri (mamita 2400 pamwamba pa nyanja) ndipo ndikumadera ozizira kwambiri (otentha -70 ° C) Padziko Lapansi, komwe kuli konse Kummwera kwa dziko lapansi. M'gawo lake, kupatulapo ayezi wamuyaya, ndilo South Pole, lomwe limagwirizana ndi pakatikati pa dzikoli. Nyanja ya Pacific, Indian ndi Atlantic yasamba dzikolo.

Australia ndi kontinenti yaying'ono kwambiri ku Southern Southern, komwe kudera la Southern Tropic liri pakati. Pankhani imeneyi, ndilo kotentha kwambiri, komwe kuli malo a nkhalango zazing'ono komanso mapiri a chipale chofewa. Dziko lonse la Australia likukhala ndi dziko limodzi, lotchedwa continent, komwe palibe fano m'dziko lathu lapansi. Dera lalandali liri pafupi ndi chilumba chachiwiri-chachikulu padziko lonse - New Guinea.