Estonia anthu ndi mitundu zikuchokera

M'chigawo cha depopulation Estonia ndi kotala ya atumwi. Ena demographers kuneneratu ikutha mtheradi wa dziko mu zaka zana: mbadwo uliwonse wa Estonians ochepa kuposa amene yapita, ino adzapitiriza. Izi sewero amenewa sangathe wosangalala ziŵerengero zaziwerengero chaka. Mphamvu abwino, koma likuvutika antchito. Ngakhale akuluakulu timauza European Union mu alendo ake, koma anthu Estonia akufuna kukula likuvutika anthu m'dzikoli komanso alibe amasangalala kuchuluka kwa alendo. Estonians zimadziŵa anansi - Latvians ndi Lithuanians, amene manambala ndi kuchepetsedwa, nayenso.

Baltic zaziwerengero mavuto

chiwerengero cha anthu a Lithuania, Latvia ndi Estonia anayamba kutha ndi Soviet Union. Zaka twente-faifi a kukhala mu malo omwewo a European Union sanali zimathandiza kuti kukula kwa chiwerengero kwa nzika zonse.

anthu Estonia mu 1991 chiwerengero ndi khumi peresenti, Latvia - twente-sikisi peresenti, Lithuania - makumi awiri ndi zitatu pa zana:

• Estonia, 1991 - 1561 miliyoni / 2016 - miliyoni 1316;
• Latvia, 1991. - 2658 miliyoni / 2016 - 1900 miliyoni;
• Lithuania, 1991. - 3700 miliyoni / 2016 - miliyoni 2800.

Kumvetsa mmene pali zaziwerengero sangathe, muyenera kuganizira miyezo iwiri: ndi phindu achilengedwe kapena imfa ya anthu zomwe, ie, chiŵerengero cha ana obadwa ndi imfa, komanso mlingo wa kusamuka.

Izi kanjedza kwa Latvia, Lithuania ndi Estonia zoipa kwa zaka zambiri. Amapha kuposa amabadwa ndi chiwerengero amene achoka ambiri alowa dziko.

The kuchepa achilengedwe ndiponso kusamuka mu Baltic States

Kwa zaka twente faifi, anatsogolera demographers ziwerengero kunyezimiritsa kuchepa anthu chifukwa cha zinthu zachilengedwe ndi chifukwa kuchoka ku maiko Baltic. Population a Estonia ali utachepa chifukwa cha zinthu zachilengedwe nainte zikwi, chifukwa kusamuka - amuna zana zikwi khumi ndi zisanu. anthu Latvia a anatsika ndi anthu pafupifupi asanu ndi awiri mphambu zikwi, oposa theka anali nzika anasamuka. Lithuania wataya kotala ya atumwi, anthu makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zitatu zikwi zana limodzi chifukwa cha zinthu zachilengedwe chifukwa cha kusamuka - kuchepa kwa anthu mazana asanu ndi makumi asanu ndi zikwi.

The zifukwa kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha Estonia

Mu Estonia, amakonda kuona zifukwa depopulation si mu mbali chuma ndi ndale, ndi mu mbiri. Kwambiri chonde anagwa pa madzulo a zaka mazana makumi awiri, ndipo posachedwapa sikunali kotheka kuonjezera moyo. Chifukwa china, malinga ndi akatswiri, linkakhala mu Soviet Union. Ataliatali utuluke awonjezera, kukula makina anali positive. Komabe, ndi 1991 iye anasamukira ku Estonia mu makumi anai ndi makumi asanu anayamba kukalamba, amene akufa, anakhala ambiri amene amatha kubereka.

Mlingo kubereka utachepa kwambiri ndipo chifukwa cha maganizo kusintha a m'badwo pamene ili nthawi kukhala makolo. Poyamba, akazi anabala zaka makumi awiri mphambu ziwiri, kukhala amayi masiku ano fulumirani, kubadwa kwa mwana woyamba ndi kulephereka. Achinyamata amafuna kukhala woyamba pa mapazi anu, kugula nyumba, galimoto.

Population a Estonia ndi zaka

Natural kuwonjezeka, kuwonjezeka chonse anthu ndi kusamuka kukula mu Estonia ndi kuyamba kupita mu mthunzi kuyambira 1991. mphamvu Chiwerengero cha anthu a Estonia:

• 1980 - 1.472.190 anthu;
• 1990 - 1.570.599 anthu;
• 1995 - 1.448.075 anthu;
• 2000 - 1.372.710 anthu; kukula zachilengedwe - -5 336 okwana kukula - -7 116 kusamuka - 1 830;
• 2013 - 1.320.174 anthu; kukula zachilengedwe - opanda 1 713 okwana kukula - -5 043 kusamuka - 3 300;

Mu 2016, iye anabadwa anthu oposa zikwi khumi ndi zinai mu Estonia, wamwalira - khumi ndi zisanu ndi theka zikwi. Natural kuwonjezeka - opanda mazana khumi ndi asanu, njira kusamuka - anthu oposa zikwi ziwiri.

Kusintha kapangidwe fuko la Estonia

Tsankho zikuchokera Estonia kwa zaka makumi atatu zasintha. Koma osati kwambiri. Kupenda zimene anthu a Estonia, kupeza mfundo izi:

• 1989 Estonians:. 61,5%, 30,3% Chirasha, Chiyukireniya 3.1, 1.8 Belarusians Finns 1.1;
• 2011 Estonians: 68,7%, 24,8% Chirasha, Chiyukireniya 1.7%, 1.0 Belarusians Finns 0,6%.
• 2016 Estonians:. 69%, 25% Chirasha, Chiyukireniya 1.7%, Byelorussians 1%, 0,6% Finns.

Russian makamaka moyo mu likulu la Estonia - Tallinn. Kwambiri "Russian" mzinda Estonia - Narva, kumene nainte seveni wa dziko Russian.

mzinda Estonia mu mawu a anthu

Mndandanda wa mizinda ndi anthu lotsogoleredwa Tallinn - 440 702 munthu. Ndiyeno mungasankhe pamwamba khumi m'madera ambiri a mabwalo (munthu):

1. Tartu - 97.322.
2. Narva - 58.375.
3. Pärnu - 39 784.
4. Kastla-Jarve - 36 662
5. Viljandi - 17.549.
6. Maardu - 17.141.
7. Rakvere - 15.303.
8. Sillamae - 13.964.
9. Kuressaare - okwana 13,000.
10. Johvi - 12.567.

Zosakwana chonse cha anthu mu Püssi, pang'ono pa anthu chikwi; mu Kallaste ndi Mõisaküla - kwa anthu eyiti.

Kodi kusamuka amakhudza Estonia ntundu

Mawotchi kuwonjezeka akutitsogolera kuti kuchepa ntundu wake. Nthawi Union, magulu ambiri m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti Estonia, chifukwa apa analengedwa ndi a Unduna Woona za okhonda, imene Ayuda, Germany mitundu ndi Finns kuti asiye kwawo mbiri.

Komanso, anthu mu Estonia anali avundulidwe kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, boma la Soviet Union linagwa, anthu ambiri safuna kukhala ndi kumanzere dziko. Itakula emigration. Koma pambuyo 2011 anayamba njira iwowo.

Masiku ano, anthu Estonia akupitiriza kupululuka ndi ukalamba. Dipatimenti ya Kafukufuku amapereka kuwerengetsera zotsatirazi: kotala zaka, anthu anatsika ndi anthu 200 zikwi, ndi 2040 chiwerengero cha anthu adzaphedwa ndi wina 10%.

resettlement Balts

Pakuti vuto Baltic kwambiri ndi kusamuka kwa anthu pa maiko ena. Ndipo theka anachoka Latvia, Lithuania ndi Estonia - anthu pakati pa zaka 18 ndi 30, 70% - anthu ochokera zaka khumi ndi makumi anayi.

Latvia ndi Lithuania, ambiri anasamukira ku UK ndi Scandinavia. The ochepa kusamuka kwa United States, Russia ndi Canada. Estonians makamaka anasankha Finland.

Monga mwa mayendedwe a anthu kuchepa Latvia ndi Lithuania ndi atsogoleri European. Mu 2016, Latvia anasiya 8 000 anthu oposa anafika. Lithuania - ndi anthu 30 000.

Refract chisoni azimuth anali kokha Estonia. Dziko limayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono anthu chifukwa kusamuka. Pakuti 2015-2016 biennium. Estonia wasiya anthu 19,000, koma kumbuyo kapena kubwera kwa moyo 24.500.

M'njira imeneyi kuyembekezera kuwonjezeka opanda anthu, kanthu amakhalabe Balts ngati kuchuluka kwa anthu kudzera mfundo wokongola nawo pa osamukawo. Lithuania Mwachitsanzo, amapereka njira zovuta kupeza nyumba chilolezo ku EU ndi mlingo wochepa msonkho kwa amalonda. ophunzira zakunja Estonia akhalebe ndi moyo mu dziko pambuyo maphunziro.

Koma zotsatira kwambiri m'maiko Baltic amayembekezedwa miyeso umalimbana kuwonjezeka mlingo kubadwa.

Mwana Support mu Estonia, Latvia ndi Lithuania

Mu Estonia, Latvia ndi Lithuania, bungwe lopanda ntchito kasamalidwe mu zipatala anthu, komanso phwando pa dokotala, mayesero ndi ultrasounds. Koma aliyense akhoza kulipira chitonthozo zina:

• paokha chipinda - 50 80 € patsiku;
• mwayi kusankha yeniyeni dokotala - kuchokera 400 600 €;
• njira munthuyo pobereka - 50 mpaka 1000 €.

Kutalika kwa tchuthi kusamalira mwanayo Estonia zaka zitatu, mu Lithuania - zaka ziwiri Latvia - chaka chimodzi ndi theka.

Makolo amaona mosiyana ubwino m'dziko lililonse.

A mpukutu pamodzi malipiro pa kubadwa kwa mwana Lithuania kuposa € 400; malipiro a umayi tchuthi kuchuluka kwa malipilo anayi amayi; Pindulani bambo ndi wofanana ndi tchuthi chaka chimodzi.

A malipiro mpukutu pamodzi mu Latvia - mozungulira 420 €. Malipiro a umayi tchuthi - 43% ya malipiro a mayi. Titsate mwana kusamalira kwa zaka ziwiri - 3300 €. titsate mwana woyamba - 11 €, analipira mwezi mpaka sikisitini.

Mu Estonia, ndi mpukutu pamodzi malipiro ofanana kwa 320 €. Malipiro a umayi kusiya nkhani mlingo wa malipiro pafupifupi. Mwana gawo zaka sikisitini - 50 € pa mwezi. Kuchuluka kwa makolo awo gawo mpaka miyezi khumi zimadalira malipiro a makolo. Mwina zimenezi chifukwa chakuti dziko tsopano wa European Union, mfundo chikukwera wamoyo, malipiro mkuuka, pali thandizo kwa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za anthu.

Komanso, pali zosiyanasiyana mapulogalamu kusamalira mabanja ndi ana ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, banja Estonia ndi ana atatu okha ankamvetsa mwana analandira mwa mayuro mazana asanu pa mwezi. Mu Latvia gawo ndi zochepa ndi sevente mayuro.