Eustoma chipinda: kulima ndi kusamalira kunyumba

Mawu "eustoma" kwenikweni anamasuliridwa ku Latin monga "pakamwa wokongola" kapena "Kuyankhula wokongola." Zokongola maluwa ali ndi maina angapo kuti ntchito m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, ndipo zigawo: lisianthus (Lisianthus - owawa maluwa), Texas belu Irish kapena Japanese ananyamuka.

Houseplant eustoma, zithunzi zomwe nthawi zambiri kuonedwa pa chimakwirira mabuku pa floriculture, adzaupereka kwa gentianaceae banja. Akukhulupirira kuti eustoma - mbadwa ya m'madera kum'mwera kwa North America, ndi kumpoto kwa America South, zilumba Caribbean ndi Mexico. The American Indians ndi nthano amene anena kuti nthawi yoyamba maluwa bloomed pa manda a mtsikana wosalakwa, poona mzimu wa nkhondo. Chathu kukongola anakana mbuye wake.

A ku Ulaya, Aust anatsegula Irish katswiri ndi dokotala Patrick Brown. Ndi otchuka monga alimi duwa kudula chifukwa eustoma angakhoze kuima mu mbiya ndi madzi masiku makumi awiri, ndipo monga kulima m'nyumba yokongola chomera. Mu mawonekedwe yotsirizira ya maluwa wakhala nakulitsa kuyambira m'katikati makumi Mu zaka zapitazo.

alimi ambiri loto bloomed kunyumba kuchipinda kwawo eustoma. Kukula ndi kusamalira mbewu unachititsa mafunso ambiri, ngakhale kwa okonda odziwa maluwa. M'nkhani ino tidzayesetsa kuwayankha. Today pali pa mitundu sikisite zomera, amene m'magulu angapo makonzedwe.

Malinga ndi mtundu wa kulima:

• Wamtali eustomy, amene kaŵirikaŵiri anabzala munda ndi nyumba minda;
• oyenera kulima m'nyumba mitundu otsika-kukula.

Pakuti nthawi ya nyengo kukula:

• annuals ali oyenera Amateurs, chifukwa savuta kukula;
• zaka ziwiri - kwa ogwira ntchito;
• mitundu osatha kulibe.

Ndi mtundu maluwa:

• yosavuta;
• Terry.

Kufotokozera za zomera

Mu eustomy zimayambira amphamvu kuti kutchire kufika mita mu msinkhu. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo ndi wosakhwima, ngati carnation a. Pafupifupi pakati pa zimayambira kuyamba nthambi, kukhala gulu lonse, analipo 35 masamba kuti pachimake successively.

Eustomy masamba lanceolate-chowulungika, opaque, ngati sera utoto mu imvi kapena grayish hue. Calyx - kwambiri yaikulu, nyuzi woboola pakati. Maluwa akhoza kukhala wophweka ndi Terry (malingana zosiyanasiyana), utoto mithunzi osiyana - wofiirira, pinki, wofiirira, woyera, momveka kapena ndi malire yowala zosiyana.

Pamene Mphukira theka adagawana, ndi amatikumbutsa kwambiri duwa pamene duwa akutsegula kwathunthu, iye amakhala ngati Terry poppy zokongola. Mu pompo-pompo eustoma - biennial zomera, ndi zambiri pachaka mu kulima munda.

Features wa kulima

wamaluwa ambiri ndi wamaluwa chidwi maluwa eustoma. Kodi kukula izo, ife sitikudziwa chirichonse, kotero ife ndikufuna kugawana nanu zina mwa zinsinsi za mbewu:

• eustoma ayenera yowala koma zinachititsa kuti kuwala;
• Chomera chimafuna dothi ongokhala mbali kompositi ofanana ndi peat;
• eustoma zimafalitsidwa ndi mbewu, kuyambira osati kumera cuttings, kupatula dongosolo osalimba kwambiri muzu safuna magawano;
• kuthirira mbewu ayenera idzachitika pokhapokha nthaka masentimita awiri mwakuya mu youma;
• musati ndikasendeza Aust: mizu yake osati outsource kumuika;
• eustoma kuchipinda, chithunzi chimene inu mukhoza kuwona pansipa, ndi limamasula bwino mu chipinda bwino mpweya wokwanira.

Kukula kwa mbewu

Ndithu capricious mbewu - chipinda eustoma. Kulima ndi chisamaliro - ntchito mwachilungamo yolemetsa, nthawi wonyeketsa. Komabe, anthu amene amaphunzira njira yovuta, zimatengera wosangalala kwambiri. Potted maluwa eustoma kunyumba wamkulu mbewu zawo, amene zofunika kuti tikhale ndi zapaderazi sitolo. Kuvuta kwa ndondomekoyi kwagona kuti mbewu eustomy ang'ono kwambiri; mmodzi galamu ya munali ndalama 23,000. Mbewu anagula mu sitolo, malinga ndi luso lapadera kukonzedwa kumapangitsanso kumera.

Eustoma chipinda: kulima ndi kusamalira

Bzalani mbeu mu nyumba ayenera zoyambirira za December. Ngati mukuchita izi pa nthawi imeneyi, pofika kumapeto kwa August, inu adzaphuka masamba, imene sikutheka kuyang'ana kumbali. makapu chopanda ntchito kubzala. The gawo lapansi ayenera kukhala friable, ndi mbali peat. Kwambiri pansi ndi Kuwonjezera wa kokonati.

Mbewu anaika pamwamba pa nthaka, chimene chiri chisanayambe madzi kenako sprayed. Kenako, makapu, ayenera yokutidwa ndi zojambulazo ndi kuyenda mu malo otentha (+25 ° C). Kamodzi pa tsiku filimu mphukira kwa mphindi zochepa kuti mpweya, nthaka ndi wothira. Limodzi ndi theka masabata awiri mphukira woyamba zikuphatikizaponso eustoma. Kulima ndi kusamalira mfundo imeneyi pa ali ndi kobvuta.

Mufilimuyi linamasuka, ndipo pa zanthete kwambiri kukhazikitsa nyale pa kutalika kwa zosaposa 35 cm. Pamene mbande kufika masentimita 15 kutalika, iwo akhoza anabzala mu mphamvu okhazikika. Pakuti imeneyi ivomelezana ndi mphika ceramic. Pa pansi, wosanjikiza 4 cm 3- kufala ngalande (kukodzedwa dongo). chidebe ndiye wodzazidwa ndi osakaniza dothi, zilibe kudzaza m'mphepete cham'mwamba masentimita atatu.

chisamaliro

wokongola kwambiri yokutidwa ndi maluwa ambiri ndi maluwa eustoma. Kusamalira kunyumba kwa iwo - osati ntchito mosavuta ndi cholinga chimodzi; mbewu akusowa mu anamwazikana kuwala ndi mpweya wabwino. Kufunika akhoza kukwanira poonetsa mphika eustoma zenera kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo mu chipinda zomwe n'zotheka kukhala kutentha kwa + 19-22 ° C, ndi zonse kumulowetsa.

Aust kutsitsi sangakhale, monga kungakhale matenda tsamba. Pa mapangidwe masamba ndi tima Aust kudyetsedwa zovuta madzi fetereza, mlingo wa 10 ml pa malita 10 a madzi. Ayenera kuchotsedwa mu nthawi zomera unafota maluwa. Malamulo yosavuta ndipo adzasangalala eustoma masiku makumi asanu ndi anayi kachiwiri pachimake.

kuthirira

Iwo salola atayanika kunja nthaka, izi zomera m'nyumba. Eustoma, chisamaliro kunyumba kwa chimene chimafuna kuthirira zonse, nayenso mantha madzi, kotero moisturize nthaka kuchitike titatha zouma pamwamba wosanjikiza. mmera madzi pa mizu, kuyesera madzi kugwa pa masamba, ndi nyengo yozizira zikhoza matenda a mafangasi.

kutentha

Pakuti kukula kwa lisianthus imatengedwa mulingo woyenera masana kutentha + 20-25 ° C ndi usiku - osapitirira +15 ° C. Ngati nkotheka, m'nyengo yozizira maluwa ndi kunditumiza ku chipinda ndi kutentha +10 ° C.

zinsinsi za maluwa

Kawirikawiri alimi novice ndikudabwa limamasula chifukwa pang'ono eustoma chipinda? Kukula ndi kusamalira zomera zodabwitsa madoko ena zinsinsi:

• maminiti angapo pambuyo ulimi wothirira, kukhetsa madzi kuchokera poto;
• kudzala bloomed koposa, kukhalabe kutentha anakhumba ndi zambiri ventilate chipinda iye;
• ngati pa tizirombo duwa, kuyamba mankhwala mwamsanga kuwaletsa kufalikira kwa zomera zina.

Osamala maluwa

Pamene Mphukira eustoma chake zimayambira ayenera kudula moti palibe zoposa zitatu internodes, ndi zomera anatitumiza ku chipinda ozizira (+10 ° C). Mu nthawi ya mpumulo kuthirira mbewu kawirikawiri, koma kusiya kudyetsa palimodzi. M'chaka, pambuyo zikamera wa mphukira zatsopano, kumuika Aust mosamala kwambiri (by kutsegulaso) m'nthaka latsopano thanzi n'kuyambiranso kuthirira wabwinobwino ndi chisamaliro.

Potted maluwa Eustoma (chisamaliro) chifukwa uphwetsa n'kuwasanganiza?

Funso limeneli ndi lofunika kwa wamaluwa ambiri. Zingaoneke, mogwirizana ndi malamulo onse a kusamalira zomera, ndipo resets ndi n'kuwasanganiza. zifukwa zingapo zodabwitsazi. Apa ndi ena mwa iwo.

1. Chomera waima pa asilikali a. Pa asamafalitse ozizira mpweya zingachititse Mphukira dontho, komanso imfa tsamba. Panthawi imeneyi, duwa ayenera kuchotsedwa kwa sill zenera.
2. Pakuti kuthirira ntchito madzi ozizira kwambiri: ziyenera siidzasamalidwa, zofewa, firiji.
3. N'zosatheka repot chomera mu nthawi pamene unapita patsogolo ndipo ndayamba masamba. Ngakhale kochepa, pa Koyamba, ndi mizu kuwonongeka chifukwa cha zimenezi zinachititsa kuti okhetsedwa osati n'kuwasanganiza komanso maluwa.
4. Chifukwa china chingakhale otsika mpweya opangitsa chipinda. Kuonjezera izo, mokoma utsi mpweya padziko chomera, yopewera ingress chinyezi mu maluwa ndi masamba.
5. Mu zikhalidwe osauka kuunikira, woyamba mu masamba, dzuwa kubweza pansi, zomwe mapeto abscission wa masamba. Nthawi zina, zikuoneka kuti iwo ali wokonzeka ndi za achotsedwe, koma sizichitika.
6. N'kuwasanganiza mukhoza kupukuta ndi mkulu kutentha mpweya mu chipinda. Eustoma limamasula ndi yaitali amasangalala kukongola kwake pa mpweya kutentha kwa +12 kuti +15 ° C.
7. Chifukwa abscission wa n'kuwasanganiza akhoza kukhala tizirombo: akangaude, whiteflies, napusaki, tizilombo lonse.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Kuchipinda eustoma atengeke udzudzu mafangasi kuti ndi owopsa ogulitsa mafangasi matenda Fusarium mufuna, powdery cinoni, imvi nkhungu. Mu ndondomeko ya zomera kukula, nthawi kugwira njira kupopera za kukonzekera mwapadera. Koma ngati inu anapeza tizilombo, ndiye musazengereze chithandizo. Kugwiritsa mankhwala zotsatirazi: "saprolite", "Topsin", "Mospilan", "Fitoverm", "konfidor". Kupopera kubala 2-3.

Monga mukuonera, ndi capricious ndithu mbewu chipinda eustoma. Kukula ndi kusamalira mufunikira khama eni, koma ine, inu akafupidwa chifukwa chachikulu pamene eustoma duwa.