Exhibition Museum. Pushkin. Chionetsero cha zojambula mu Pushkin Museum

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 St. Petersburg Academy of Tirhana akugwirizira mpikisano kugwirizana ndi nyumba pulani ya Museum of Wabwino Tirhana. Mfumu Alexander III. Izi wafunsira kukwaniritsidwa kwa loto la kulenga mwa likulu la zojambulajambula maphunziro bungwe la mtundu uwu.

zikamera

Ali University Moscow anali nduna munali ena mfundo wakale: Numismatic zosonkhanitsira, yakale yoyendera Miphika, amatulutsa a ziboliboli wakale ndi zazing'ono laibulale wapadera. Kuchokera pa zonse izi, ndipo pali owonetsera zakale. Mu 1889-1890, dipatimenti ili pa chiyambi cha IV Tsvetaeva, wayamba kusintha. Mpatuko gawo sculptural ndi laibulale. Pulasitala chitaya, zitsanzo, Galvanic kupeza tanthauzo lapadera. Mu nkhani imeneyi, Wabwino Tirhana Museum adziwonetsa maphunziro ndi bungwe maphunziro ndi anthu, kafukufuku pulogalamu umodzi womwenso ankadziwa zofunika ndi zaka za mbiri.

Choyamba ndi mapangidwe ntchito yapadera msonkhano kujambula zithunzi ndi zamanja. Vs Golischev, Russian wasayansi-orientalist, anali ndi chopereka chabwino cha zinthu zachilendo chikhalidwe ku Iguputo. Kenako amapeza boma ndipo ndiye, chifukwa cha khama Tsvetaeva, akudutsa kwa Museum (1909-1911 gg.), Ndani akukhala ndime ndi zopalira wa mfundo zapadera za East wakale.

Ena connoisseurs ndi eni zinthu zochititsa chidwi zimene yatsikira kwa ife akale, achititsa kuti kukhazikitsidwa ndi kukula kwa m'banja. M. S. Schekin, Russian nthumwi, Museum akupereka zinthu kwa kukongoletsa luso 13-15 zaka. ndiponso kupenta Italy ntchito. Kwambiri Italy chosema cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri anapatsidwa Grand Duchess Elizavetoy Fedorovnoy ndi D. A. Homyakovym, bambo ake anali wotchuka Slavophile. Katswiriyo AA Bobrinsky anapereka nyali, ulonda, ndi zitsanzo zina za French luso kuponyera. Mphwake Golenishcheva anapereka chopereka cha zithunzi za ambuye wakale Russian ndi European.

Kuyamba

Kutsegula kwa Museum of Wabwino Tirhana anali mwalamulo tsiku lomaliza May 1912. alendo aulemu mwambowo anali Nicholas II ndi Mfumukazi Maria Fedorovna. Wotsogolera woyamba, amene ankatsogolera m'nyumbayi kuchokera 1911 mpaka imfa yake, anaikidwa IV Tsvetaev. bungweli yomweyo zinatchuka mwa misa. kukapezeka anali amphamvu kwambiri: kwa anthu 800 pa mlungu, 2500 - pa maholide ndi azisangalalo. Zambiri za alendo inkakhala aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira a m'sukulu za sekondale, Maphunziro Apamwamba Akazi, University anthu. A. L. Shanyavskogo, Moscow m'mabwinja Institute. owonetsera zakale cholowa wathunso ndi amisiri nthumwi za atsogoleri achipembedzo. Ophunzira kuno ku sukulu, ndipo anthu amene akufuna kuphunzira chikhalidwe cha nthawi kumeneko oongoka maulendo.

kukhalamo

Kwa zaka zingapo (mpaka 1930) pali kulanda Western luso European minda nationalized mu Moscow ndi zinthu zochititsa chidwi zosiyanasiyana (luso ndi iconography Ostroukhova, Kremlin zakale ndi mabungwe) kuchokera Tretyakov Gallery. zojambula angapo anapereka Hermitage, ndi kugawana unawasonkhanitsa Leningrad thumba. Pindani pakati pa zomera anali ntchito ya ambuye akale Western. Ancient kum'maŵa zosonkhanitsira zopezeka zambiri zikwi Mapale ndi zipilala ena zikwi zitatu a nthawi imeneyo.

kusintha

Mu 1932, bungwe la anadzatchedwa nampatsa dzina la State Museum of Wabwino Tirhana, ndipo zaka zisanu pambuyo pake kupereka dzina A. S. Pushkina. Pa nkhondo ndi Aroma omwe ankalamulira dzikolo German mbali yaikulu ya chopereka chidafundidwa mu Novosibirsk ndi Solikamsk. The nyumba yokha avutika mabomba ndi shelling. Mu 1944, Pushkin Museum anayamba kuchira.

chitukuko

Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 20 atseka State Museum wa New Western Art (GMNZI). Pa nkhani imeneyi, zosonkhanitsira wake unagawidwa pakati Moscow ndi Leningrad yosungirako. Pushkin Museum kudzadza wowoneka (pafupifupi 300) ndiponso ziboliboli (80) ntchito za ambuye wa 19-20 atumwi, East ndi ku America. Iye Polemeretsedwa Kutolere zithunzi ndi Archive. French Post-Impressionist ntchito m'gulu chionetsero latsopano. Museum. Pushkin nawo iwo pa nthawi ya okhometsa likulu. Iwo anali Ivan Morozov ndi S. I. Schukin. Ndiyamika kulowa izi Pushkin Museum amakhala mwini katswiri wa, wotchuka padziko lonse. Pakuti misa waukulu deta lilipo kuyambira 1953, pamene ntchito zina kunditumiza ku gulu la mamembala achikhalire cha chionetsero Art Gallery. Kwa zaka 20 panali kusintha kapangidwe ka chionetsero lonse, kenako anthu ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi ntchito za kupenta ndi chosema kuchokera ku msonkhano wotsiriza.

Siteji yotsatira

Kwa zaka 4 (1949-1953.) Zinakambidwa chionetsero wapadera. Museum. Pushkin anasonyeza yosonkhanitsa mphatso kwa Stalin. Komano, anakongoletsa chionetsero okhazikika anatsegula, ikupita patsogolo. Makoma a nyumba anatenga oposa 1200 mapulogalamu, kuonetsera ntchito za bungwe kukabwereka ku zopereka zoweta ndi achilendo. 1955 anakhala wofunika kwambiri pa zachikhalidwe cha likulu. Panthawi imeneyi, wapadera chionetsero cha zojambula mu Pushkin Museum. bungwe zimaonetsera katswiri wa Dresden Gallery. Pa nthawi imodzi anapulumutsidwa ku chiwonongeko asilikali Soviet. Kenako zosonkhanitsira kunabwezeretsedwa makoma a m'banja motsogozedwa maso a P. D. Korina. Choyamba anasamutsidwa ndi gawo la Russia pa chionetsero nkhondo luso. Museum. Pushkin anali chuma ichi. Ichi chinapangidwira zikomo zotheka kuti khama maofesi ndodo.

Wodziwika bwino Museum. Pushkin. zisudzo

Modern Pushkin Museum tichipeza amitundu inayi kukhudzana:

1. Chithunzi mapulani kuphatikiza amatulutsa. Iwo penapake kusinthidwa kwa gawo yunivesite, amene anapulumuka Pushkin Museum (Moscow). Chionetsero zikuphatikizapo ziboliboli za Near East, Zapakati, manda a ku Italy ndi kumpoto Kubadwa Kwatsopano.
2. Gawo luso ndi chikhalidwe cha chitukuko wakale oyambirira. Kuphatikizanso ndi zinthu zofukulidwa anatenga ndi antchito a m'banja.
3. Art Gallery 8-20 atumwi. Iwo ukufanizidwa ndi ntchito za ambuye akale European zithunzi Byzantine, Zithunzi wakale. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwe ukhoza kuwona ntchito chi za akatswiri ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana komanso anthu osema ziboliboli. Mwapadera anamanga chionetserochi. Museum. Pushkin anapereka kufotokoza cholinga kusonyeza kosangalatsa wa Nthawi lonse akavalidwe ku masukulu osiyanasiyana.
4. Dipatimenti ya zopereka munthu anasonkhana zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi kukhulupirika kwa zachilengedwe ndi mwatcheru ku payekha aliyense wokhometsa.

modernity

Lero, mu chipinda kuti zimatengera Pushkin Museum, ndi chiwerengero chachikulu (670 000) ntchito ya chosema ndi kupenta, Tirhana na Timatheriyali, ntchito za likutipatsa zojambulajambula, numismatics ndi zakale zokumba pansi, luso kujambula. Ankaimira kosamalira ndi chionetsero pamanja. Pushkin Museum akugwirizira umboni zopelekedwa zokhudza mbiri, sayansi ndi epistolary cholowa cha tate wake ndi anthu ena chikhalidwe ndi kulenga. Zikomo kufufuza ndi kubwezeretsa yake msonkhano wa Pushkin Museum akhoza kukonza ntchito zowonongeka luso. Iye ayenera kunyadira ndi laibulale yapadera kafukufuku, monga mmodzi wopambana mu likulu. Kuyambira mu 1991, m'nyumbayi ali ndi malo mu State Register zinthu wofunika kwambiri ya cholowa chikhalidwe cha anthu a Russia.