Experience Torricelli: chikhalidwe ndi kufunika

Kuyambira kale, linakhalapo, malingaliro a umunthu ayesetsa kumvetsa tanthauzo lalikulu la dziko, malamulo a chilengedwe, mbiri ya chiyambi chawo ndi tsogolo m'chilengedwe chonse. Chikhumbo anali kwaiye chithunzi zosiyana za mdziko pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana ndipo mu madera osiyana a dziko: umunthu wa zinthu zachilengedwe la Mulungu, lingaliro la kulimbana la mdima ndi kuunika mu Persian Chizorowasita, Chirengedwe ndi Chivumbulutso Chiyuda, ndi zambiri.

Komabe, nyongolosi yeniyeni ya chidziwitso zomveka ndi sayansi ya dziko ankaona kuti yojambula, anzeru wangwiro wa Greece. Kotero, imodzi mwa mfundo zofunika kwambiri za Aristotle anali oyamba a "wachabechabe" wa zosiyana, wodzala ndi wachabechabe - pa malo kanthu alipo. Muyesa achabe Zomwe zinkachitika nzeru zapamwamba za chinthu choopsa Komabe, maganizo ake, ndi kosatheka m'chilengedwe. Ndithudi, deta wazotsatira alipo ndiye munthu sakanakhoza kuulula mfundo zingalowe mtheradi, ndi onse danga ladzala ndi mpweya wamba. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chubu dzenje kuyesa kuwomba mphepo, mpanda wake adzakhala ndi kuotcha. Kuti, mkati kudzakhala osati zingalowe, komanso danga lokha. Ndipo madzi mipope nthawi zonse likutuluka kumbuyo pisitoni ndi, kuteteza muzisangalala.

Nazo Torricelli: kufotokoza

Mfundo yoti dziko sangakhale malo amene odzazidwa ndi madzi, olimba kapena gaseous zinthu, bwinobwino moyo mpaka makono ano - nyengo ya malingaliro ndi sayansi. Zinali ndiye kuti anthu kamodzinso anapezanso chikhulupiriro chawo mu kuthekera kwa chidziwitso yeniyeni ndi zomveka kwa dziko. Torricelli zinachitikira Komabe, osati chifukwa cha kafukufuku wa sayansi, komanso mwayi. Pa yomanga kasupe m'nyumba ya mmodzi wa anthu otchuka Atsogoleri Akuimira Ndani wa ku Medici mafumu , izo unkachitika kuti madzi kupyolera mu mipope kwenikweni limatuluka kuti kuiwala, koma pamwamba kenako kuima kayendedwe ake. Zimenezi sakanakhoza kupanga chidwi mu dziko la Kubadwa Kwatsopano.

Kuti mumve wopita kwa odziwika bwino pa nthawi imeneyo (ndi zambiri wotchuka lero) sayansi ndi masamu kuti Galileo Galilei. Komabe, iye sanali kupeza yankho cholandirika mfundo anaganiza amachita njira experimental. Zatsopano anauzidwa kuika ophunzira ake awiri - Torricelli ndi Viviani. Zotsatira chidwi akwaniritsa chachiwiri. Experience Torricelli longoganizira malo mu kapu chubu wina kuchuluka kwa mankhwala enaake (ndi zolemera kwambiri kuposa madzi, chifukwa mapulogalamu zotsatira zioneke bwino ndi yaing'ono buku chotengera) kotero kuti palibe mpweya akalakwa. Mapeto chapamwamba wasindikizidwa, ndi pansi lotseguka anaikidwa mu kapu ndi mankhwala enaake. Anapeza kuti mankhwala enaake amadziwikanso osati kudzaza danga lonse la chubu, kusiya wina kuchuluka kwa voids pamwamba. Komabe, nzeru izi wazotsatira sizinayende kupeza Kulungamitsidwa kwawo ongolankhula.

zinachitikira mafotokozedwe

Experience Torricelli posachedwa zinadziwika mu ophunzira Europe, kumene asayansi amanena zokhudza zodabwitsazi. Malongosoledwe a mfundo anapereka Evangelista Torricelli. Kuyambira pamwamba chatsekedwa wa kapu chubu sanali mpweya pamwamba Mercury, izo anafotokoza kuti kutalika kwa Danga Mercury kwenikweni kumatanthauza ndi mpweya pa Mercury mu chikho, kuchititsa kupita zambiri mu kapu chubu. Choyamba anatulukira experimentally ndi kuthamanga mumlengalenga. Chilinganizo Torricelli ananena kuti vuto limeneli limafanana ndi kutalika kwa Mercury: P = P ATM Mercury. mudziwe zambiri anagwira France Blez Paskal, anasonyeza chiwerengero cha yozungulira kutalika kwa ndime ya mpweya yokoka pa nthawi yeniyeni, motero anthu luso kuthandauza ATM. kuthamanga.