Farm - kodi ichi? nyumba yomanga

Tanthauzo ambiri mawu "munda" - ogwira ntchito zaulimi, anafuna kuti ziweto. Koma tsopano si za malo kuchita mbali nthawi munda. Izi zikuphatikizapo nkhani mwina wamkulu nyumba dongosolo, limene liri okhudzidwa moyo wamakono. Ambiri ntchito zomangamanga, makamaka pa ntchito yomanga milatho ndiponso maofesi masewera.

Farm - dongosolo ongokhala ndodo, zimene zatsalira geometrically zikutsatiridwa pamene kusintha hinge ake misonkhano okhwima. Kuti komanso ntchito matabwa truss, amene ankaimira ndi osakaniza ndi thuu kapena atatu chikhato mtengo uncut ndi girth samatha.

Kodi ntchito?

Monga tanenera kale, mu nyumba munda ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri. Mothandizidwa ndi omanga atsogolere ntchito yomanga kapangidwe ndi kuchepetsa kumwa zipangizo zofunika. Popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zaulimi si kumanga kwathunthu kwa milatho, mabwalo, hangars, komanso zomera yokongola, monga maholo, magawo ndi podiums etc.

Pamene kupanga chombo alumikizana, ndege, sitima mphamvu mawerengedwe chikuchitika mu mofanana ndi mawerengedwe katundu ulimi.

Gawo

Farm - dongosolo ongokhala ndodo amene cholukanalukana pa mfundo, ndi kupanga dongosolo statically wosasintha. minda gulu akhoza kuchitika pa kuchuluka kwa katundu.

Pa ntchito yomanga

• M'mapapo. Iwo odnostenchatoe-gawo ntchito. minda kuwala Kawirikawiri ntchito zomangamanga.
• Lolemera. munda lolemera ntchito yomanga cranes nsanja, masewera mabwalo, etc. Amagwiritsa ntchito ndodo ya mbali zovuta kuposa mu mapapo. Iwo nthawi zambiri amakhala magawo awiri kapena atatu chifukwa cha kutalika lalikulu bwino ndipo amapereka iwo katundu. Kwambiri kambirimbiri dvuhstenchatoe gawo ndi awiri-ndege mogwirizana conjugation.

Mu mau,

• Mwa maikidwe. Mwa maikidwe munda pali nsanja, milatho cranes, denga zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso chothandiza nyumba, etc.
• Ndi mtundu zakuthupi. Wood, zitsulo, zotayidwa, konkire, etc. - zonsezi zikhoza kupangidwa ndi kumanga munda. Uwu ndi mwayi kwambiri ya dongosolo lino. Mukhozanso kuphatikiza mitundu yambiri ya chuma.
• Malinga ndi kapangidwe wapadera. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya-gawo mtanda, mitundu mitundu latisi wa nyumba thandizo, komanso mitundu ya mabacteria wa nyumba Kapangidwe ka munda.

Pa maziko okhudza malo

• Mosabisa. Farm kutenga katundu ofukula kuyambira × ndodo imakonzedwa mu ndege imodzi.
• Okhudza malo. Gawani katundu kumbali yake yonse. Space truss aumbike mwa kuchuluka zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso lathyathyathya olumikizidwa mwapadera.

ndi mtundu

• Vierendeel mlatho.
• Warren Farm.
• Farm Pratt.
• Farm Bohlmann.
• Farm Finca.
• Triangular truss.
• Kingpost.
• Farm ndi braces mtanda.
• Latisi kapangidwe m'tawuni.
• Farm pansi kuwala pamwamba.

kapangidwe

Gulu la kapangidwe munda ndi yaikulu. Komanso, aliyense wa mbali tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane.

mitundu gawo

The mtanda gawo mu nyumba munda unapangidwa Mbiri adagulung'undisa. Izo zikhoza kukhala mu mawonekedwe a:

• Pakona (osakwatira kapena awiri).
• Mipope (zozungulira kapena lalikulu).
• Njingayo mipiringidzo.
• Brand, kapena I-mtengo.

mitundu lamba

Ndondomeko ya lamba akhoza ankayimiridwa ngati:

• Oimba ng'oma pamodzi. limathandiza kwagona kuti mtundu uwu wa lamba kumanga chimango msonkhano, motero, pamodzi ndi kumawonjezera chinthu chimodzimodzi kwa nyumbayi.
• Triangle. Mtundu wa lamba ntchito kachitidwe mtengo ndi kutonthoza. Iwo ali kuipa ambiri, monga zitsulo wolowerera mowa pa yogawa katundu, kuchulukitsa kwa unit yothandizira, etc.
• Parabola. zone Awa ndi nthawi yambiri. Choncho gawo truss ntchito kwambiri kawirikawiri.
• Polygon. minda Polygonal ntchito zambiri kuposa gawo lapansi. chifukwa iwo kusintha kamangidwe ka mfundo si choncho noticeable.
• mabacteria yomweyi. Nthawi zambiri ntchito kuphimba nyumba mafakitale. Iwo ndi misonkhano zofanana dera, wofanana kakulidwe zinthu latisi, ngati iwo ali ndi zinthu repeatable ndi mbali.

mitundu latisi

Pali mitundu isanu mungachite grating:

• Triangular.
• Rhombic.
• Truss.
• Phillips.
• Slanting.
• Poluraskosaya.

mitundu ya chithandizo

Pali 5 mitundu ya nyumba thandizo. Pofuna kusankha mfundo kutchulidwa, muyenera kudziwa mawerengedwe chiwembu. Izo zimatengera, kaya mfundo za patchulidwa linanena kapena olimba. Mitundu thandizo:

• Mtengo kapena cantilever.
• Chipilala.
• Chingwe-anakhala.
• Chimango.
• Pamodzi.

Mfundo ntchito

Wapadera kamangidwe umenewu uli ake "zosasintha" mchikakamizo cha zinthu zina. Katundu pa dongosolo ndi okwanira. Farm akuimira kuchuluka mogwirizana wina Triangles dongosolo. Katundu iwo anaikira mu malo mfundo mogwirizana, monga mipiringidzo bwino kusonyeza katundu wawo mu ndondomeko ya psinjika-nkhawa, osati wovulala. Pomanga amakono kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito wankhanza, swivel ndodo. Kuchokera pamenepa, ndizoonekeratu kuti pamene kulekanitsa mmodzi wa iwo kwa dongosolo lonse amakhalabe mu zikutsatiridwa wachibale malo kwa wina ndi mzake.

Maziko minda ndi kudula ngodya

Njira imeneyi kuwerengetsa munda ndi yophweka. njira izi kusukulu ambiri luso.

Farm - mamangidwe, katundu amene anaikira mu mfundo zake. Choncho, m'pofunika kuwerengera zinthu zonse kunja kuti tingakhale mtolo wolemetsa pa mayunitsi lapansi. Ndiye - kuwerengetsa kuthandiza anachita ndi kupeza mfundo imene pali awiri ndodo kuwakonda ndi mphamvu. Conventionally, m'pofunika kupatutsa ena munda ndi kupeza unit imene padzakhala angapo mfundo odziwika ndi 2 unknowns. Ndiye muyenera kulenga kufanana pa nkhwangwa awiri ndi kuwerengera mfundo osadziwika. Chimodzimodzinso kuonetsetsa ndi mfundo yotsatira, choncho mpaka truss sadzakhala masamu.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya minda

• Vierendeel mlatho - dongosolo limene onse a ziwalo kupanga mipata amakona anayi ndipo potero olumikizidwa kwa chimango okhwima. Ndi ndi mamangidwe si woyenera ndi okhwima akuti "munda" chifukwa mu mtengo si awiri a asilikali. Iwo anayamba kupanga ndi injiniya Belgium Arthur Vierendeel. koma chifukwa mamangidwe ndi yaikulu moti n'kovuta kupeza pa zomangamanga ano.

• Warren Farm. Izi ndi chidule cha kamangidwe Pratt Hove. Iwo amagwira ntchito mfundo ya psinjika-mavuto. Nthawi zambiri zopangidwa ndi zitsulo adagulung'undisa.
• Farm Pratt. A setifiketi kwa malo izi ndi za atate ndi mwana wa Boston. Caleb Pratt ndi Thomas Wilson anali akatswiri awiri. Iwo ntchito yochepa mbali vertically ndipo anatambasula - horizontally. Choncho, katundu ndi anagawira mofanana bwino onse pamwamba ndi pansi.
• Farm Bohlmann ali ndi dongosolo m'malo ovuta kovuta. kutchuka kwake mu United States, malo ichi chinali chifukwa nyota ndale za Mlengi wake. Zatsopano analankhula akusonyeza za munda, ngakhale ngati si onse oona. Bohlmann anatha kulimbikitsa Kutulukira mothandizidwa a boma US, omwe nthawi zina amakakamizidwa Alangizi mzinda ntchito ndondomeko imeneyi pamene angagwiritse milatho. Pakati pa ogwirizira a nyumba eni luso munda, pali ambiri a m'dziko mwathu muno, komanso palibe "Russian" munda si ankalimbikitsa kuti misa monga njira yoyamba.
• Finn Farm ndi chidule cha Bollman truss. Iye basi adzafupikitsidwa zinthu zake zonse ndipo motero aluso. alinso kufanana ndi mamangidwe a Pratt truss. Kumasiyana ndi izo zokha, pakalibe mtengo wotsika.
• Triangular truss. "Belgium" monga patchedwa. Ndi kapangidwe ano, amene anapereka mu mawonekedwe a Triangles ndi Sprengel.
• Kingpost - chophweka mwina munda. Ndi awiri miyendo tikupumula pa mtanda choimirira.
• Ethmoid dongosolo m'tawuni analengedwa m'malo yaikulu mlatho matabwa. Ndi wosavuta mapulani ake. Ntchito matabwa ake ochiritsira matabwa, adjoint kwa nthawi cham'mbali zimene pamapeto, kupanga latisi.