Flora ndi zinyama nyanja ya Baikal

Baikal - ndiyo kuderako madzi thupi pa dziko. nyama ndi zomera sanalembedwepo kwina kulikonse mu dziko. Onse angalandire mitundu yoposa 2,600 wa zolengedwa. Timaphunzira kuti akuimira nyama ndi zomera za izo nyanja.

masamba dziko

Mu Baikal kukula ngale wapadera, zomwe anthu am'deralo kuitana pa chinkhupule m'madzi. Mu madzi, iwo zofewa ndi kuumitsa mu mlengalenga. Pakati pa dzinja mu madzi ochepa kuoneka mucous ndi fibrous zomera. Kudera m'mphepete mwa nyanja monyadira zosiyanasiyana zomera. Izi spruce relict, mitengo stilted ndi mizu poyera, mankhwala mkungudza yafungo popula akalumikidzidwa zapamwamba, zosiyanasiyana lichens, ndere, ndi zambiri.

Baikal mapiri makamaka yokutidwa ndi nkhalango wandiweyani coniferous. Iye ankayimiridwa ndi mkungudza, larch, spruce, paini, Oil ndi birch mitengo. Mu otsika kukula tchire currant, basamu popula, Siberia rosemary zakutchire ndi otsika alder.

Tikumbukenso kuti zomera tchalitchi yosiyanasiyana. Koma tiyeni tione nyama nyanja ya Baikal, lomwe ndi chidwi kwambiri.

Siberia mkungudza

Siberia mkungudza kukula pa Baikal - zimakhala mtengo amphamvu. Mu akafika awiri mamita mpaka 1.8 ndi kutalika - mamita 40. Mkungudza kuti ali ndi zaka, ndipo patatha zaka makumi asanu akuyamba kupereka zokolola wachuma wa mtedza. Pa am'deralo kuti dzina iye mkate Siberia nkhuni. Ndi thunthu limodzi akhoza anasonkhana makilogalamu oposa khumi a mtedza. Koma chaka chilichonse, chifukwa cones ndi zipse miyezi 14-15 yekha.

Poyamba chopangidwa kuchokera mkaka mtedza, kirimu wowawasa, batala ndi halvah (m'malo mpendadzuwa). Koma tsopano zamanja izi undeservedly kuiwalika. Lero, chidwi yekha mtedza ndi zipatso za mkungudza nkhuni. Izo anangotengeka, koma khola fungo limene mwina m'mbuyo mol kwa zaka zambiri.

rhododendrons

Wapadera zomera Baikal ndi rosemary, kapena monga iwo ukutchedwa, Dahurian rhododendron. Iye ankaona nyengo yachisanu ikupita kumapeto Baikal, chifukwa limamasula oyambirira, pamene County palibe greenery. Panthawi imeneyi, Ledum mitundu wokongola zone m'mphepete mwa nyanja mithunzi ya pamakhala pinki maluwa ake. Nthawi zambiri, mbewu ndipamene m'nkhalango mu kum'mawa Siberia.

Zotsatirazi Ledum akuyamba pachimake sagaan anatipatsa rhododendron Adams. Mu anthu amadziwika ngati "mapiko woyera" kapena therere la moyo wautali. zomera ntchito toning ndi zolimbikitsa impso, mtima ndi ubongo. Adams kotchuka rhododendron protivopohmelnym kwenikweni. The tiyi anawonjezera masamba oposa asanu maluwa. Nakte analandira ndi amphamvu koma zosangalatsa fungo.

Mukhoza kuona rhododendron ukufalikira, nthumwi ya Baikal zomera, zinkaimira pamwamba. N'zosavuta kulingalira chomwe kukongola akutsegula pamene kuona ukufalikira m'nkhalango lonse la zomera.

thyme

zomera umatchedwanso Bogorodsk udzu. Chimakula pa udzu steppe, m'mapiri a mathanthwe ndi lotseguka m'madera mchenga. Kugawira mu Trans-Baikal ndi dera Baikal. Zonse yotentha amasangalala diso ndi maluwa okongola pinki, amene ali kuoneka bwino pa mapiri mchenga.

Thyme lili peresenti mafuta n'kofunika. Choncho, ndithu pang'ono phala nthambi mu manja ake kumva khalidwe ndi kulimbikira fungo.

Decoctions ndi infusions zitsamba Bogorodskaya chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zolinga mankhwala, kulimbitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi, kuthetsa tulo, matenda mantha ndipo ngakhale moyo wautali. Pakuti yokonza medicament nthawi zambiri kutenga supuni imodzi kapena ziwiri therere zouma ndi Botolo zana la madzi otentha. Asing'anga komanso ntchito bwinobwino Baikal zomera, kuti mwambo wa kudziyeretsa kuponyedwa mmoto chabe uzitsine thyme.

ramson

Ramson umakhala pafupifupi m'madera onse a Baikal. M'madera ena ndipamene m'tchire yofunika kwambiri.

Yambani kusonkhanitsa ndi kugulitsa zomera izi mu May ndi June. Panthawi imeneyi, masamba ndi mapesi akadali osalimba ndi yowutsa mudyo ndi zofewa. Cheremsha ali ntchito lonse mu kuphika. Izo ntchito m'malo anyezi wobiriwira, koma chikununkha ngati adyo. Komanso, udzu anawonjezera kuti saladi mbale nyama, chitumbuwa kumadzazidwa ndi mchere ngati sauerkraut.

Rhodiola rosea

Mwina, am'deralo zonse mukudziwa momwe nthumwi ya zomera nyanja ya Baikal ali ndi katundu wa ginseng. Iwo Rhodiola rosea, kapena Golden Muzu, monga iwo ukutchedwa. Limamasula mu June-July, pafupifupi kudutsa Baikal malo otsetsereka miyala, miyala ndi mphako pa mapiri.

Chomera mwangwiro amachotsa kutopa ndi kumapangitsa njira onse m'thupi. Zolinga achire, ntchito kokha rhizomes ndi kukolola pa nthawi maluwa. Kukumba toyesa lalikulu amayeretsedwa, kudula ndi zouma mu mthunzi. Pambuyo mowa anakonza madzi Tingafinye. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti yokumba mizu ya golide mizu imodzi ndi malo amodzi akhoza imachitika pa zaka khumi.

cowberry

wolemera kwambiri zomera mchere ndi mankhwala a Baikal. Ena otchuka kunyumba mankhwala ndi cranberries. Chimakula mu nkhalango ya ku Siberia, kawirikawiri kupanga pamphasa apitirize m'tchire wandiweyani. Ndi kukolola kwa maola angapo, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa khuthulirani zipatso. Iwo zipse mu August ndi September.

Lingonberry ndi zabwino, ngati antipyretic ndi diaphoretic. Komanso ndi Kuwonjezera kwambiri kuti nyama otentha kapena tiyi mu mawonekedwe a kupanikizana. Berry mwangwiro kusungidwa mu shuga, madzi ndi mu mufiriji.

Baikal zinyama

The zosiyanasiyana ndi kukongola kwa nyama ndi zomera la nyanja sasiya aliyense osayanjanitsika. Tangoonani zithunzi za zomera ndi zinyama nyanja ya Baikal, pamene anthu okhala zambiri ozunguza.

Pa nyanja ndi kunyumba kwa chinkhupule wapadera, amene asayansi posachedwapa amati ndi gulu la nyama. Ndi chifukwa cha ntchito imeneyi kukhala madzi amakhalabe loonekeratu. zinthu ngati zimenezi zosiyanasiyana waukulu wa nsomba. Baikal zimapezeka m'nyanja zikuluzikulu Nsombazi, nsomba, mlamba ndi carp mitundu, komanso Cisco, kansomba, Grayling, nsomba, Pike ndipo whitefish. Koma wotchuka kwambiri ndi otchuka kuderako kwa nyanja angatchedwe chisindikizo.

Nkhalango nawonso kunyumba nyama Siberia ngati zimbalangondo, afisi, nkhandwe, hares ndi sables. Komanso, alendo ali paulendo kukumana ndi ferret, wolverine, ermine, marmot, gologolo, mbawala ose tarbagan, Boar zakutchire, mphalapala ofiira ndi mbuzi yakuthengo.

Pa Baikal zambiri nyama osiyana, koma kuganizira chabe zinyama chidwi kwambiri.

omul

Cisco ndi imodzi mwa mitundu malonda Baikal. Nsomba zimenezi si waukulu (mpaka makilogalamu asanu ndi kutalika kwa masentimita makumi asanu). Koma nyanjayo ndi kunyumba ndi subspecies kuti ali kuderako. Total anapeza anthu anayi: North Baikal, Selenga, ambassadorial ndi Chivyrkuisky Cisco.

Lero, nyanja, ndi nyama ndi zomera ndi yosiyanasiyana, akatswiri mlandu zikwi makumi atatu mutu nsomba. Poyerekeza ndi zaka zam'mbuyo anthu awo zikuchulukirachulukira pang'ono. Cisco amakhala osapitirira zaka kotala. Izo wakudya invertebrates benthic, nkhanu ndi ana ena nsomba. Baikal subspecies wofunika chifukwa cha mchere wake wapadera ndi wosakhwima kukoma.

kansomba

Nsomba yaikulu nyanja ya Baikal angatchedwe kansomba. zotsalira zazomera ake okwana ndipo chiwerengero kawiri kuposa mitundu ina. N'zochititsa chidwi kansomba wabadwa kukhala wamng'ono osati kuikira mazira, monga ena. njira yotero ya kuswana salinso akukumana palibe nsomba padziko lonse lapansi.

Limasonyanso thupi kansomba. Theka mafuta choncho translucent. Kudzera gawo mchira wa nthawi yaikulu, mungathe lemba olembedwa zilembo zikuluzikulu.

Kansomba akukhala pa madzi onse, ndi pansi, ndi padziko. Choncho, chimodzimodzi omwazika mu ndime madzi. nsomba ndi ndiwo chakudya cha zisindikizo, amenenso chidwi, komanso ena nyama ndi zomera nyanja ya Baikal kuderako.

chisindikizo

The Baikal chisindikizo chisindikizo yekha m'dziko limene akukhala mu madzi abwino. Kufalitsa ozungulira nyanjayi, koma makamaka ziwalo chapakati ndi chakumpoto. Pakali pano, akatswiri chifukwa cha mitu za zikwi zana limodzi zisindikizo. Iwo kulemera 50-130 makilogalamu ndi kutalika kwa thupi la toyesa waukulu kufika pafupifupi mamita awiri. Zisindikizo izi moyo zaka 55, ndi kudyetsa kansomba Baikal gobies.

Izi ndi ochezeka kwambiri, chidwi ndi zovuta kuphunzitsa ziweto. Zisindikizo zambiri kusambira kupita sitima ndi yobwerera kwa nthawi yaitali ili pafupi. N'zosadabwitsa Zisindikizo izi aphunzira kupuma pansi ayezi kudzera mabowo mpweya. Forepaws iwo kugwetsera dzenje ndi awiri a mamita limodzi kapena awiri. Komanso, nyama nthawi amachotsa ndi ayezi kusunga kukula. Koma ichi ndi chachikulu mpweya mabowo, ndipo anamwazikana padziko ang'onoang'ono zitsime zina.

Chisindikizo pamwamba unyolo chakudya cha topezeka cha Baikal. Kuopsa kokha ndi munthu wake. Opha nyama kuwononga wina ndi ubweya woyera amene amaonedwa kwambiri mabwalo awo.

Barguzin sable

Izi ndi chinyama lodziwika bwino akupezeka osati pa nyanja, komanso mu nayonso la Russia. Sobol golide zofewa, chifukwa ali ndi wokongola, cholimba, choncho mtengo ubweya. A Barguzin kuyang'ana chifukwa cha zikopa yamdima amaona dalitso amagulitsa nsombazo lapansi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, nyama pafupifupi anakhala zinatha m'nyengo Soviet, pamene iwo anayamba kuwononga zomera wapadera ndi zinyama nyanja ya Baikal.

Sable si nyama yaikulu, kutalika thupi ukufika mapazi awiri. Koma dvadtsatisantimetrovy fluffy ndi wokongola mchira. Wakonda kukhala mkungudza nkhuni, malire chapamwamba phiri mitsinje, m'nkhalango, ndi pakati pa placers mwala. Mkulu ntchito mapulogalamu sable madzulo ndi m'mawa, pa kusaka ndi.

Mbalame nyanja Baikal

Pafupi ndi Nyanja ya Baikal anthu mbalame wamba nkhalango, ndi nyanja lokha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chakudya amakopeka anglers zikawonongeka. The zosiyanasiyana ambiri abakha kuti mukufuna kuti azisonkhana pa madzi mu ziweto zambiri. Chilumba miyala achuluka lidzaze ndi seagulls ndi pa m'midzi lotseguka kuuluka cormorants wakuda. Pa magombe a kawirikawiri anawona swans, screamers, atsekwe, wakuda khosi diver ndi herons imvi.

ulemu wapadera kwa anthu a m'deralo ndi mphungu. Pa Baikal miyoyo yawo mitundu isanu ndi iwiri. Iwo Sitimayo inagunda a Nsomba Mphungu, White-tailed mphungu, steppe mphungu, ziwombankhanga atumiki, wamkulu wamawangamawanga mphungu, ziwombankhanga golide, ndipo manda. zosiyanasiyana amenewa pena paliponse mu Asia.

Kotero, ankaona mwachidule nyama ndi zomera nyanja ya Baikal. Tsopano inu mukudziwa zomwe nyama ndi zomera amapezeka mu malo odabwitsa.