Francisco Franco: MBIRI ndi ntchito ndale

Pamene Spanish Civil nkhondo, General Francisco Franco (Francisco Paulino Ermenehildo Teodulo Franco Bahamonde - dzina lake zonse) anakondwerera sorokachetyrohletie ake koma ankaoneka kale kutopa moyo ndi wamkulu kwambiri kuposa zaka zake. Ndi maonekedwe unpresentable anawonjezera mochuluka ndi kutopa, ngakhale pali kukaikira kuti anali kwakukulukulu zinkanamizira.

Aafupi miyendo, yochepa, (157 masentimita), plump, ndi kuboola mawu shrill, manja zovuta Gen. wake German anzanga lagolide chirombo ndinayang'ana anazunguzika: sanali Ayuda ngati mizu. Alikuthedwa nzeru pa malo anali aakulu: chilumba Spain ameneŵa kutetezedwa ku Cordoba za wina-eyiti la anthu Semites. Pali komanso zaka zambiri analamulira Aluya, ndi Franco sanali Chikasitilia, iye anabadwa wotchedwa Galicia, anthu Apwitikizi.

July 18

Monga tikudziwa, lero mu 1936 anayamba Mapa mmawa uliwonse, amene anali mbendera chiyambi cha chiwembu kuti: ". Pa Spain wopanda mitambo kumwamba" Pogalukira Republic koposa zonse anali amayamba ndi Republican. Leftists a mitundumitundu anasefukira boma: a Democrats Social, ndipo Nazi, ndi Trotskyites, ndi n'ngopandukira - ndi lamanzere phiko kukondera ndi tsiku steepened.

Zigawenga nkhondo, chisokonezo, chuma chipwirikiti anakumana ndi mayiko mu kugwa ndi chisokonezeko. Rampaged kupondereza ndale, m'malo ntchito anthu anapereka mawu okha, Spanish wamba sizikanatha kudyetsa mphatso ya gulu la atsogoleri, agitators-olankhula zopanda pake, ndi malonda ufulu inaletsedwa ndi Republican. Mu zinthu izi, pendulum ndale sanathe kupeza malo pakati, kuchokera kumanzere kwambiri, anathamangira kwa kumanja.

Likulu la mphamvu ndi mawu a mgwirizano zinthu sanapezeke. Mu Spain, ambiri a ulamuliro onse anali mu Mpingo wa Katolika monga bungwe mabodza. Mpaka lero, Spain - Dziko la anthu okonda kupembedza. Ngakhale Republic sanayese n'komwe kuchita de A-zachikunja, kupondereza anali akadali Choncho, mu nkhope ya mpingo, iwo anatenga mwazi wa mdani, ndi unyinji waukulu wa wokhulupirika - adani patsogolo nthawi chobisika.

Othandiza Francisco Franco

makhalidwe bwino komanso si zabwino: izo ankalamulidwa ndi misoneism ndale wandiweyani ndi obscurantism. nzika lolemera ndipo kuti mossy olemekezeka kuchepetsa ndi amamatira pamtima umboni, chifukwa iwo sakanakhoza bwinobwino ndalama kupanduka. N'chifukwa chake Spanish Nazi anapempha thandizo ku Italy ndi Germany, ndi asilikali alemba ntchito kwa anthu wamba asonkhanitsidwa ganyu Arab-otchedwa Berber oponya mivi kuchokera Morocco.

Republicans anali wathunso m'gawo lake la mtundu uliwonse bourgeois, koma Nazi ku zosatheka wolephera iwo mu nkhanza. M'malo mwake, iwo plugged mu lamba wake. Opandukawo anatenga pa mapewa a mawu, sanali lopondereza German ndipo Italy lopondereza Spain ankafuna "anthu, ndi ufumu ndi chikhulupiriro."

Ine ndiyenera kunena, Mussolini napeputsa ufumu ndipo mpingo unali osayanjanitsika kwa iye. Hitler anamuda Chikhristu ndi Ayuda. Francisco Franco anali internationalist: Spanish iye anali nzika zonse, popanda kusiyana kwa mtundu uli wonse ndi fuko. mfundo zake anali Mkatolika, ndipo iye anali kupita kuti abwezeretse ufumu.

Akuyendetsa pansi moto

Kuyima pa mutu wa dziko, Francisco Franco Bahamonde sanaganize chikhulupiriro. Chifukwa malo zinali zovuta kwambiri. Kodi kukokera Spain mwa quagmire izi, pamene asayambe mphamvu, iye samadziwa. Only ndinaona kuti yekha wosimidwa machenjerero n'zotheka kukwaniritsa njira ya mafunso awiri awa.

Francisco Franco anazindikira kuti Mussolini ndi Hitler kwenikweni kuloŵa mu nkhondo. Ndiyeno, ngati iwo apambane, Spain ndi chilichonse kuti tipeze, ndipo ngati sungataye, Spain adzakhala udzawonongedwa.

Ndipo Francisco Franco, amene yonena ndi okhala izi machenjerero onse zosaneneka, analengeza usilikali. manja Friendly, ndithudi, ku mbali ya Hitler anali, koma kuti amasunga mtunda abwino.

zochita paradoxical

Mwachitsanzo, Franco analola sitima zankhondo German ndipo Zombo Zankhondo zochokera ku madoko Spanish, kuwapatsa fodya, malalanje ndi madzi abwino. Komanso anatenga zombo ku Argentina nyama ndi phoso Germany, saloledwa kulinyamula onse kudzera Spain. Koma, pamene nkhondo ndi Russia, osati subordinated kuti magulu Wehrmacht amene anatumiza kumbuyo. asilikali German pa dera la Spain osati anayamba.

Francisco Franco, makoti ndipo ngakhale basi mawu amene afika ife mu zedi osati waukulu kwambiri, kazembe German anati: "Lamulo ochenjera osati zofuna za Spain Ndi zofunikira ndi Germany Popeza Spain, kupereka Germany tungsten ndi mankhwala ena osowa tsopano .. Germany, chofunika kwambiri kuposa Spain, nawo nkhondo. "

Franco analola kulankhula mwaulemu za Churchill, England anapitiriza asapita zamtendere. Iye analankhula za Stalin chopanda kutengeka kwambiri. Chiwembuchi Ayuda pansi wolamulira sanali ndi iwo ngakhale miyeso kutipanikiza anali Sadadzipangire. N'chifukwa chake pambuyo pa nkhondo mu Spain sanali m'gulu odana ndi Hitler Mgwirizano asilikali: malo ofunda kulibe.

German nkhondo ndi mkulu akuluakulu amene anayesera kudzibisa mu Spain, wopondereza anaponyera ku Latin America. Izi digiri yapamwamba ya akuyendetsa woyenera kuphunzira. Chifukwa zina - kuyambira chiyambi cha caudillo Francisco Franco.

asilikali kumtundu

Caudillo - ndiye mutu wa boma moyo. Izi mkulu Spanish lakwaniritsa udindo ngati mkulu ngakhale kuti anabadwa mu 1892 mu ili m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya El Ferrol, wotchedwa Galicia, m'banja lalikulu ndi msilikali wamba yapafupi panyanja m'munsi. Amenenso anapereka ana ake ndi pakati ana ena ndi achinyamata Francisco Franco, amene dzina kale Paquito ( "bakha"). Mwachibadwa, mwanayo anakhala kwambiri maganizo ndi mwachinsinsi.

Usilikali Academy wa Toledo, likulu akale a dziko, wopondereza tsogolo anathera unyamata wake si mosangalala. Othina, undersized, n'kuzulidwamo mayi ndi bambo anasiya ndi mutu wake kumizidwa mu phunziroli ndipo akupita patsogolo m'munda umenewu. Kenako kale mu utumiki, Francisco zofunika sizinasinthe, ndipo pa sate-firii, anakhala General - General pansi pake pa nthawi imeneyo sanali Spain kapena Europe.

Morocco

Isanafike 1926 - anatumikira ku njuchi, Morocco, kumene mbali ya Spanish Legiyo, anapezeka ndi kuwapatula ambiri. Zidzakhala zazikulu kuponya mphamvu, pamene Francisco Franco ndi nthawi yake idzakhala amafunika chisamaliro yomweyo.

Pa nthawi imeneyi wopondereza tsogolo wokwatiwa Carmen Polo, mkulu wobadwa noblewoman amene afunafuna zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Mfumu Alfonso XIII yekha ankalemekeza ukwati wawo ndipo ngakhale bambo tsogolo wamkulu posazhonnym. Mu banja mwana wamkazi - Maria del Carmen - atabwerera Spain.

mbiri

Wopondereza wa nthawi imeneyo, amene analamulira dziko - Primo de A Rivera - anayi sukulu asilikali ophatikizidwa mu chimodzi. Choncho mzinda wa Zaragoza wakhala latsopano malo Fransisko Franko, amene dzina palibe adakumbukira. Mkulu wa General usilikali Academy sangakhale ngati konyansa a. Mu 1931, bungwe ili linathetsedwa.

Kenako mbiri ya Francisco Franco ioneka ndi chidwi. Iye anatumikira pansi Mafumu, Republican ndi osafuna kusintha. Ndipo kuguba chamtsogolo wotchedwa Galicia, ndi kupondereza ndi kupanduka Asturias, ndi pafupifupi anathamangitsa kwa Balearic kenako kupita ku zilumba za Canary, izo mosalekeza anasamukira mwa zigawo. Nawa Islands Canary ndipo anafika pa uthengawo adatuma ndi 17 July 1936. Koma iye anawuluka yoyamba Morocco.

fratricide

Ndipo mu Spain, kupha akupitiriza. Francisco Franco anali pamwamba kupanduka odana Republican monga achifasizimu, monarchists, ngakhale kudana mgwirizano, anamuona ngati kukondera chithunzi, akhoza kupeza chimodzi chimene pangano la magulu otsutsanawa.

Kuti Franco anagwirizana ndi Hitler ndi Mussolini pa thandizo la asilikali, motero kuwina kugonjetsa Republicans. Ndipo anakhala generalissimo. Ndipo dziko kwa zaka zitatu wamagazi anataya zikwi mazana asanu ndi awiri a nzika za ku nkhondo, pa zikwi khumi ndi zisanu ndi zikwi makumi atatu ndi bomba kudikira imfa.

nthawi unawonongedwa

paradoxes onse chodabwitsa ulamuliro yekha chinathandiza mphamvu ya mphamvu wopondereza ndi kuonjezera yonena ake. Pa nkhondo World sindinapite: yapachiweniweni zokwanira. Ndi mayiko a odana ndi Hitler Mgwirizano ubale si asokoneza. Ngakhale kunja ndi papita zaka zambiri, iye wakhala lalikulu ndi Circumlocution. Photo Francisco Franco mu zaka anasonyeza ndi wodzidalira munthu ndi amphamvu ndi maso kuboola.

Komabe, chuma kotero kuchichepetsa ya nkhondo, kuti kubweretsa izo zonse analephera kwa chikomokere a. Adherent autarky ndi boma kulamulira chuma, Franco sakanakhoza kusunga kusintha. Dziko wakhala chuma owolowa manja, imports likulu unaturuka m'mayiko ena kuti Spain.

Njira Mafumu

The UN anadzudzula boma Franco monga mwankhanza, koma pafupifupi maiko onse Western anathandiza munthu wotsimikizika odana ndi chikominisi. Mu 1969, wolamulira kwambiri okalamba ananena m'malo mwake, Juan Carlos, Prince, mdzukulu wa Alfonso - posazhonnogo bambo Franco ukwati. Pang'onopang'ono Spain anabwerera demokalase ndi mafumu malamulo. Koma mpaka 1975, pamene zinafika pochitika, akadali kutali kwambiri.

Pambuyo nkhondo zinthu zinali zofunika kwambiri. Mu Spain, thandizo ndalama adakana, ndi UN sikuloledwa mpaka 1955, NATO sanatenge. Kuyambira mu 1947, caudillo anali akukhudzidwa ndi angamulerere kalonga zazing'ono, kuwathandiza kuti tsoka la mfumu. Iye kutchalitchi naye, analankhula, kuwerenga kwa iye, pozindikira kuti mfumu osakonzekera chidole m'manja mwa adventurers kapena intriguers, sadzawononga dziko sangathe kulimbana ndi cholowa ossified.

Ndiwofatsa kukonda dziko lako boma mu dziko ndi malamulo a asilikali oligarchic. Sindikizani - kufufuza chitsutso ndale - kupondereza, maphwando ndi malonda mabungwe - lathunthu kuletsa, mobisa ntchito - chilango cha imfa. Choyamba - chilango. Ngakhale mpingo analamula osati pokuza chiwerengero cha Chimonko, zinanso mu zochitika za dzikoli.

olimba zachuma

Mu 1955, Spain mu United Nations potsiriza kutengera nayamba wamakono pang'onopang'ono. Technocrats, otsutsa kudzipatula dziko ku mavuto omwe amadza chifukwa cha likulu yachilendo (autarky), inakhala ndi mphamvu chuma. Ngongole zimapezeka monga mwa dongosolo la olimba chuma mabungwe lonse, ofooka utsogoleri kulamulira chuma.

likulu okhonda kuyenda mtsinje waukulu Spain, ndi peseta anakhala momasuka mpandadenga. Koma Franco anamvera demokalase Sichinatsitsidwe atagonjetsa mu moyo ndale komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu. Only dera la chuma linatsegulidwa kwa iye. Choncho, kufikira imfa wopondereza mu November 1975, Spain anali boma authoritarian.

Mabuku ofunika kuwerenga

"Chinsinsi Zokambirana za Mayiko wa Madrid", "Francisco Franco ndi nthawi yake" ndi mabuku ena bwinobwino kuwulula Inde ya zochitika Spain pafupifupi zaka. Iyi ndi ntchito zowaphunzitsa kwambiri. Analemba awo Svetlana Pozharsky. Francisco Franco, wolamulira ndi wokonzanso amachitikira owerenga onse kukula kwake ndi otsika ndi kumupanga iye onse khalidwe lake chiphona. Pozharskaya anachita woyamba m'dziko lathu monograph pa Franco, kuphimba moyo wonse wa caudillo ndi yaikulu mbiri maziko. Apa pali unwrapped kusanthula mavuto a anthu ndipo zimayambitsa Francoism. Muzipereka kwa Russian hispanism S. P. Pozharskoy anali wofunika kwambiri ku Spain.

Kufunafuna mtolankhani mosamala zinachititsa kuti anapeza odabwitsa: woyambitsa yotengedwa ndi iye Spain buku "Freemasonry" - Francisco Franco, amene anagwiritsa ntchito pseudonym kwa chiwembu. Ntchito imeneyi - ntchito yaikulu mu nzeru ndi chiphunzitso chiwembu, pali anafotokoza njira zambiri chikoka pa anthu okalamba, mawu oyamba mu mphamvu ya oimira Freemasonry.